Imbalela Etshabalalisayo Kumazantsi EAfrika
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EAFRIKA
ABANINZI bathi yayiyeyona mbalela imbi kule nkulungwane. Abanye bade bathi yayiyeyona imbi kwimbali yakumazantsi eAfrika. Le mbalela yeminyaka emibini eye yathwaxa amazantsi eAfrika iye yashiya iintlekele ezininzi. Umphathi weOperation Hunger, iqela lokunikela uncedo elizimeleyo laseMzantsi Afrika wathi: “Imbi kakhulu kunokuba besilindele. Ukutyelela amasimi kukuya kubona indlela abantu ababenxunguphele nababebandezeleke ngokungathethekiyo ngayo ngaphambili.”
“Akukho nto ingalinywa. Umhlaba ufile,” ngelokuncama watsho njalo omnye umlimi wenye ilali. Kwezinye iindawo abahlali basezilalini abalambayo babesitya udaka okanye iingcambu zezityalo zasendle. Amaziko anikela uncedo lokutya ayexakene nabantu abafuna ukutya. Ngokutsho kweThe Guardian Weekly, “amazantsi eAfrika aye alahlekelwa ngumlinganiselo ophakamileyo wezityalo kunowezo zalahleka eEthiopia naseSudan kwimbalela eyayigqugqisile yowe-1985.”
Loo mbalela yabangela abantu abanokuba zizigidi ezili-18 babhuqwa yindlala. EAngola le ngxaki yayiyeyona imaxongo kwimbali yelo lizwe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umhlambi weenkomo ezisisigidi wafa, yaye ngonyaka omnye kwaphulukwana nezityalo ezimalunga nama-60 ekhulwini. Abona bantu bachaphazelekayo abazange bafikelelwe ukuze banikwe uncedo. NgoAgasti 1992, elaseZambia laphulukana nezityalo ezingaphezu kwesiqingatha, ibe kwafuneka lithunyelelwe isigidi seetoni zombona. Malunga nabantu abasisi-1,7 lesigidi babethwaxwa linxele likaKhetsekile.
KwelaseZimbabwe, elakha labizwa ngokuba nguvimba wokutya okuziinkozo kumazantsi eAfrika, abantu abazizigidi ezine kwafuneka banikwe uncedo lokutya—phantse elo nani sisiqingatha sabemi. Komnye ummandla umfundisi-ntsapho wathi: “Amanzi anqongophele yaye akusekho kutya kuseleyo. Akukho negqabi lengca eliseleyo emhlabeni.”
Kwezinye iilali abantu babekhwela emithini ngenjongo yokukha amagqabi ukuze bawapheke baze batye. Urhulumente kwanyanzeleka ukuba alunciphise uncedo lokutya umntu akufumanayo ngenyanga ukusuka kwiikhilogram ezili-15 ukusa kwisi-5 seekhilogram. Ichibi elikhulu elenziwe ngabantu iKariba lalehle ngeyona ndlela kunangaphambili, ibe ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwakusikelwe umda kwaBulawayo.
Izigidi zezilwanyana kwiifama zezilwanyana kwelaseZimbabwe kwanyanzeleka ukuba zidutyulwe, ekubeni zazingenamanzi aneleyo. Elinye iphephandaba labika oku: “Iintaka ezifileyo ziye zawa kwimithi etshazileyo, oofudo, iinyoka, izikrekrethi nezinambuzane ziye zanyamalala.”
ElaseMozambique laliphakathi kwawona mazwe ayenembalela eyaphul’ izikeyi. Eli lizwe lalifumana ama-80 ekhulwini okutya kwalo kuncedo oluvela kwizizwe ngezizwe, yaye olunye uqikelelo lwabonisa ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezisisi-3,2 babethwaxwa yindlala. Iimbacu zazigxalathelana ukungena kwelaseMalawi, eMzantsi Afrika, eSwazini naseZimbabwe. Kodwa ekubeni kutshanje imbalela iye yanika isiqabu, iimbacu ezininzi zibuyele kumazwe azo.
Amaxesha amaninzi abahlali basezixekweni abawazi umphumo imbalela eba nawo kubomi babo bahlala ezilalini. Igosa elalibandakanyeke ekunikeleni uncedo lokutya laphawula oku: “Iintlekele ezabangelwa yimbalela zibonakala zikude kwinkoliso yabantu abakwimimandla yezixeko ezikhulu abaye ababi namava okunqongophala kokutya namanzi.”
Nangona imvula iye yazisa umlinganiselo wesiqabu kwiindawo ezininzi, iindawo ezithile eMozambique, eSwazini naseMzantsi Afrika, zisafuna imvula engakumbi. Alithandabuzeki elokuba imiphumo yale mbalela iya kuba isaviwa kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngokucacileyo, omnye unobangela wembalela kukunqaba kwemvula. Kodwa imiphumo yayo yenziwa maxongo nazezinye iingxaki ezifanele ziqwalaselwe.
Ezinye Iingxaki
EAfrika umphumo wembalela uye wandiswa kakhulu kukungazinzi kwezobupolitika. Amazwe aye ajamelana nokona kunqongophala kokutya kubi ngalawo aye athwaxwa kukungazinzi okunjalo. Imizekelo yawo yiAngola, iEthiopia, iMozambique neSomaliya. Iimfazwe ziye zaphazamisa ezolimo zaza zanyanzelela abalimi abaninzi ekubeni babaleke, beshiya iifama zabo zinganyanyekelwa.
Uthunywashe oyimbambano obangela imbalela kukungcoliswa komoya ngabantu yaye abanye bathi ibangelwa kukufudumala komhlaba. Omnye uthunywashe kukwanda kwabemi. Umlinganiselo wokwanda ngonyaka eAfrika sisi-3 ekhulwini, omnye weyona iphakamileyo ehlabathini. Ukuze bakwazi ukondla abantu abangakumbi, abalimi balima kumhlaba ongazifanelanga ezolimo yaye abawuphumzi ukuze uphinde ulungele ukulinywa kwakhona.
Ngaphezu koko amahlathi ayatshatyalaliswa, ngokuyintloko ukuze kwandiswe umhlaba wokulima. Ngokutsho kwephephancwadi iAfrican Insight, kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo ama-20 ekhulwini omhlaba wase-Ethiopia wawungamahlathi; ngoku sisi-2 ekhulwini kuphela esingamahlathi. Kuzo zonke iingxaki zemekobume ezisongela umhlaba, eminye imithombo ithi ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunkqenkqeza phambili. Kuchaphazela imozulu kuze kufake isandla kukhukuliseko lomhlaba nasekwandeni kweentlango.
Abanye oorhulumente baseAfrika baye bagcina amaxabiso okutya nawemfuyo ephantsi kuba bezicengezela kubathengi basezidolophini. Oku kuyabachana abalimi, abaye bangafumani ngeniso kulimo lwabo. Urhulumente waseZimbabwe wasabela ngokunyusa ixabiso lombona ngama-64 ekhulwini ngenjongo yokukhuthaza abalimi ukuba bavelise okungakumbi.
Siyintoni Isicombululo?
Iingcali zinamacebiso amaninzi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ziye zacebisa amazwe aseAfrika ukuba asebenzise iindlela zokulima zaseNtshona, ndlela ezo ezingqineke zingayifaneli imekobume yaseAfrika.
Kungekudala kuza kufuneka izicombululo ezisebenzayo. Igosa eliphezulu laseAfrika le-UN Economic Commission for Africa lathi: “Ngenxa yalo lonke uqikelelo lwezoqoqosho esele silubonile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngonyaka wama-2000 iAfrika ayisayi kuba itshone nje kulo mhadi ikuwo ngoku. Iya kuba itshone ingavelanga nangonwele.”
Into efuneka ngokucacileyo kukuzinza kwezobupolitika nokupheliswa kogonyamelo nemfazwe. Enye into ebalulekileyo yintsebenziswano namazwe aselumelwaneni.
Ngokutsho kwe-UN Food and Agriculture Organization, iAfrika ingakwazi ukondla ngokuphindwe kathathu abemi enabo ngoku. Kodwa imveliso yayo ibisihla ngokuthe ngcembe kangangamashumi eminyaka, yaye kumlinganiselo wokwanda okhoyo ngoku, abemi bayo basenokuphindeka kabini kwiminyaka engama-30.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukunikelwa koncedo lokutya okuvela kumazwe angaphandle kuye kwasindisa abantu abaninzi kwindlala. Sekunjalo, uncedo olunjalo olufumaneka rhoqo alusosicombululo yaye lunomphumo ongemhle kuba ludimaza abalimi basekuhlaleni ekuveliseni okuthile. Basenokungakwazi ukuthengisa imveliso yabo ngexabiso elisengqiqweni, yaye ngokufuthi abantu bakhetha ukutya okuvela kwamanye amazwe bengasakufuni ukutya kwasekuhlaleni.
Yintoni Eyenziwayo?
Imigudu eqhubekayo yabaninzi ngokunyanisekileyo abafuna ukunceda abantu baseAfrika iyanconywa. Kweminye imimandla imigudu enjalo iye yanemiphumo. EZimbabwe iqela labaphandi baphesheya liye lenza iphulo lokutyala imithi ekhula kakuhle nangokukhawuleza ngokwentelekiso kwimimandla eyomileyo. Injongo ikukutyala le mithi ibe mininzi ukuze koyiswe ingxaki yeenkuni, ekubeni abantu abangama-80 ekhulwini bebasa iinkuni xa bepheka.
Kwilali yaseCharinge kummandla othwaxwa yimbalela waseMasvingo, eZimbabwe, abalimi baye bakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise amatye njengezinto ezigcina ukufuma kwimifuno yabo nakwimithi yabo yeziqhamo. Ngenxa yoko, basebenzisa amanzi amancinane kakhulu, yaye izityalo ziye zakhula kakuhle gqitha. Abalimi bade bakwazi nokuthengisa ukutya kwabo bakusweleyo.
EMzantsi Afrika inkampani enkulu yalungisa umzi-mveliso wayo wamalahle aguqulelwa kwioli ukuze phantse onke amanzi asetyenzisiweyo aphinde asetyenziswe emva kokuba ecocwe ngokucokisekileyo. Nangona ukucocwa kwamanzi akwimizi-mveliso kubiza imali eninzi, uMzantsi Afrika uceba ukucoca malunga nama-70 ekhulwini amanzi akwimizi-mveliso ekugqibeleni.
ELuanshya, eZambia, kwacetyiswa iisoybeans njengokunye ukutya okunesondlo. Omnye osebenza ekunikeleni uncedo wathi: “Abantu abaninzi ababulawa kukungondleki bafa ngoMatshi nangoJuni xa ukutya abaxhomekeke kuko kunqongophele. Noko ke, isoya ivunwa ngoAprili yaye igcineka bhetele kunokutya abaxhomekeke kuko okunjengombona namazimba.”
Nangona kusenziwa yonke imigudu yokoyisa iingxaki zembalela nokunqongophala kokutya, umntu, enabo bonke ubugcisa nenkqubela, akakwazanga ukuphelisa imbalela eAfrika. Mnye kuphela okuqondayo konke okuthethwa koku, yaye wasixela kude kudala isicombululo. Phantsi kolawulo loBukumkani bukaYehova uThixo ngoKumkani wakhe omiselweyo, uYesu Kristu, amazwi omprofeti uIsaya kungekudala aza kuzaliseka ngokoqobo kuwo wonke umhlaba: “Kuya kugqobhoka amanzi entlango, nemilambo enkqantosini; isanga sibe lidike, neendawo ezinxaniweyo zimpompoze amanzi. Esikhundleni sempungutye, apho ibuthuma khona, kuya kuba butyani neengcongolo nemikhanzi.”—Isaya 35:6, 7.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 29]
Abemi basezilalini babekhuphisana nemfuyo ngamanzi amancinane awayesasele emigxobhozweni
[Inkcazelo]
The Star, Johannesburg, S.A.