Kutheni Ufanele Ubuyele Esikolweni?
UROBERT wayebila esoma efuna umsebenzi kangangeminyaka emithathu. Ekugqibeleni, xa wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, waqeshelwa ukuba ngumcebisi wabantwana xa bezikhupha ngeeholide zehlobo. Nangona ngoku wayesele efumene isiqabu, uRobert wayedinwa abe lutywantsi nguloo msina-ndozele wokufuna umsebenzi. Uthi: “Abazali bethu abayiqondi le nto. Ukufuna umsebenzi kule mihla akuyondlwan’ iyanetha.”
Minyaka le, kukho inkungu nelanga yolutsha, olukwimeko efana nekaRobert, olusandula ukuphuma esikolweni olungxangele imisebenzi. Lunemisebenzi oluyigxeleshileyo. Lunezinto oluzicebayo. Kodwa inani elandayo lwalo alufumani hlobo lwemisebenzi obeluyifuna.
Ngaloo ndlela, abaninzi bongeza imfundo yabo.a Iphephancwadi iFortune lithi: “Ukuba kwiminyaka yee-1970 abantu babeyijonga imfundo ingeloncedo, ngoko iminyaka yee-1980 yabagqebh’ olungophiyo ngokuthi ivele ikhuthaza nto yimbi eyile: Kufuneka ube nesidanga okanye uya kuba sengxakini.”
Kutheni Kukho Ingxaki Nje?
Kutheni imfundo eyongezelelekileyo isoloko iyimfuneko? Okokuqala, emisebenzini emininzi namhlanje kufuneka ubuchule obukumgangatho ophakame ngakumbi. Ummeli we-U.S. Labor Department uthi: “Ngoku umsebenzi womntu osebenza ebhankini sele usenziwa ngumatshini ekukhutshwa nekufakwa kuwo imali. Ndithetha nje [umsebenzi wasebhankini] ekuphela kwento ayenzayo kukundicebisa ngeendlela ezintathu zokufaka imali aze andichazele isizathu sokuba ndifanele ndisebenzise le ndiyeke leya.” UWilliam D. Ford, ongusihlalo we-House Education and Labor Committee, uthi: “Ayisekho imisebenzi elula.”
Okwesibini, abanye bavakalelwa kukuba abafundi abafundiswa kakuhle ezikolweni. Bathi eyona nto zizixakekise ngayo kukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, uGawulayo noqingqo-nzala endaweni yokuba zifundise ukulesa, ukubhala nezibalo. UGqr. Robert Appleton, obengumfundisi-ntsapho kangangeminyaka engama-27, ukhalaza ngelokuba isikolo sisuke sangathi “liziko lokufundisa ezentlalo” elithwele uxanduva “lokusingatha iingxaki ebezingajongwa njengezimele ziconjululwe sisikolo.”
Ngenxa yokungafundiswa kwabafundi ubuchule obuyimfuneko, abaninzi abaphumelele kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo abakwazi kuzixhasa. UJoseph W. Schroeder, umlawuli wesebe leFlorida Job Service uthi: “Abafundiswanga kusebenza. Abaqeshi basoloko bendixelela ukuba ingxaki ababa nayo ngabantu abaselula yeyokuba abakwazi kulesa okanye ukubhala kakuhle. Abakwazi nokuzalisa nefomu le yokucela umsebenzi.”
Isizathu sesithathu esibangela kufuneke imfundo eyongezelelekileyo sesokuba kumazwe amaninzi kukho inkumbula yabaphumelele ezikholejini efuna imisebenzi. IThe New York Times ithi: “Abo baphumelele ezikholejini baninzi kunemisebenzi efuna ubuchule babo.” Le ngxelo yalek’ umsundulo isithi: “Ekubeni sele bekho aba, abaqeshi baziva bemadolw’ anzima ukuqesha abaphumelele kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo.”
Ukuze bakwazi ukufanelekela imisebenzi eza kubenza bazixhase ngokufanelekileyo, abaninzi babuyela esikolweni. EUnited States, abangama-59 ekhulwini bazama imfundo enomsila. Oku kubonisa ukuba inani labebekade besenjenjalo kangangamashumi eminyaka lenyuke ngama-50 ekhulwini.
Lo mkhwa ukho nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1960, eBritani belisanda ngokumangalisayo inani labafundi abazama imfundo enomsila. Komnye unyaka kutshanje, bebengama-85 ekhulwini eOstreliya abo bebesithi bakuphumelela kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo bafake izicelo zokufunda eziyunivesithi nasezikholejini. EJapan abafundi abamalunga nama-95 ekhulwini baphinda bafunde eminye iminyaka emithathu ukongezelela kwimfundo efunwa ngumthetho, abathi bakwenjenjalo balungele ukusebenza okanye ukuya ekholejini.
Noko ke, imfundo eyongezelelekileyo ayisoloko ineengenelo ezinqwenelekayo. Ngawaphi amahlandinyuka ayo?
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Amagama amabanga emfundo ahlukile kumazwe ngamazwe. Kula manqaku “isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo” sibhekisela kuwo onke amabanga umthetho onyanzelisa ukuba umntu awafunde. Igama elithi “ikholeji,” “iyunivesithi,” “isikolo sobugcisa,” “ukufunda usebenza” abhekisela kwiindidi zemfundo eyongezelelekileyo ezinganyanzeliswayo ngumthetho umntu anokuzingenela ngokuzithandela.