Irayisi—Ngaba Uyithanda Ibilisiwe Okanye Ikrwada?

NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EINDIYA

‘NGABA irayisi uyitya ibilisiwe okanye ikrwada?’ Lowo ngumbuzo osenokubuzwa wona njengondwendwe kwikhaya lamaIndiya. EIndiya malunga nama-60 ekhulwini erayisi etyiwayo apho ithiwa futhu nje (iphekwa ngokubiliswa ithuba elifutshane). Kodwa usenokumangaliswa kukwazi ukuba kumazwe aseNtshona, phantse wonk’ ubani utya oko amaIndiya akubiza ngokuba yirayisi ekrwada!

Konke oku kusenokungavakali kumangalisa xa uqonda ukuba asithethi ngendlela yokulungiselela isidlo serayisi, kodwa sithetha ngendlela esetyenziswa ngamaIndiya ekulungiseni ukhozo lwerayisi njengoko luvunwa. Ngoko, yintoni eyenziwayo ekulungiseni okunjalo, yaye kutheni? Ukuqwalasela irayisi nendlela elungiswa ngayo njengokudla okuziinkozo kuya kunikela iimpendulo ezicacileyo.

Ukudla Okuthandwa Zizigidi

Izinto ezifunyenwe ngokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala neengxelo zamandulo zibonisa ukuba irayisi yayilinywa eIndiya naseTshayina emva phayaa malunga neminyaka engamawaka amathathu Ngaphambi Kwexesha Eliqhelekileyo. Abemi bamandulo baseIndiya babeyibiza ngokuthi yidhanya, okanye “umxhasi wohlanga loluntu.” Elo iseligama elifanelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi baphila ngerayisi kunako nakuphi na okunye ukudla okulinywayo. Uninzi lwaba bantu luhlala eAsia, apho, ngokutsho komnye umthombo, abantu abangaphezu kwama-600 ezigidi bafumana erayisini kuphela isiqingatha seekilojoule abafanele bazifumane ekudleni kwabo kwamihla le nalapho kuveliswa kuze kusetyenziswe ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini erayisi yehlabathi.

Intili yomlambo iGanges efumileyo nekweleenjiko ngomnye wemimandla yehlabathi ephambili ekuveliseni irayisi. Iimvula ezisoloko zisina namaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo, ndawonye nabasebenzi abaninzi, benza le ibe yeyona ndawo efanelekele ukulima irayisi. Makhe samkele isimemo sabahlobo bethu abahlala kwilali ekulo mmandla size sizibonele ngawethu amehlo ukuvunwa nokulungiswa kwerayisi.

Ukuvuna Amasimi Erayisi

Udula-dula esikhwele kuye usisa eJaidercote kwiNtshona Bengal, yaye siqhubeka nohambo lwethu ukuya ngaphakathi ngenqwelo enamavili amathathu etsalwa ngumntu ekuthiwa yiricksha. Kungekudala sibona umsebenzi omkhulu phaya emasimini. Akubonakali matshini bavunayo apha! Kunoko, oobawo, oonyana, oomalume, nabafana baxakekile emasimini erayisi, ngobuchule basika isipha seendiza ngexesha ngamarhengqa amancinane. Omnye wabavuni, ephawula ikhamera yethu, ngokukhawuleza uyagqiba ukubopha isithungu sakhe ngentsontela aze asiphakamisele phezulu elungele ukufotwa. Sihleka indlela abantu basezilalini abaye bakuphaphela ngayo ukufotwa.

Izithungu ziyashiywa ukuze zomiswe lilanga kangangosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Andule ke amalungu aselula entsapho afake isandla, ase ekhaya amabhali amancinane ezithungu ezomileyo nezirhashazayo ezithwelwe ngobuchule.

Ekugqibeleni, siyafika elalini. “Kunjani, Dada?” sibulisa lowo simtyeleleyo, sisebenzisa ibinzana lentlonelo. Uncumo lwakhe lusiqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zihamba kakuhle, yaye siphawula umfazi wakhe ebaleka ukuya kulungisa iti.

Ngoxa siphunga iti yethu yakusasa, sibuza ukuba isivuno sibe njani kulo nyaka. “Hayi noko asibanga sibi kangako,” uphendula enesikrokro njengabo bonke abalimi, kodwa ukhalazela ukuba ukusebenzisa iimbewu ezinemveliso kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwenza ukuba ubuncwane bomhlaba bonakale. Ekuqaleni zazivelisa oko kwakufana nezilimo ezingummangaliso, kodwa ngoku imeko yahluke mpela. Imichiza yezichumiso efunekayo kwiimbewu ezinemveliso ibiza imali eninzi yaye akanakukwazi ukuyithenga.

Ukuyibhula Nokuyibilisa Ithuba Elifutshane

Njengoko sigqibezela amashwamshwam ethu, sibongoza le ntsapho ukuba iqhubeke nomsebenzi wayo wokuvuna, esize kubona wona. Kweli khaya umsebenzi wokubhula sele ugqityiwe. Ngezantsi kwendledlana, kwammelwane, amabhinqa axakekile. Abetha isithungu ngasinye kwiqonga elenziwe ngoqalo yaye iinkozo ziyawa ziphuma phakathi kwamaqalo. Iindiza eziseleyo zifunjwa zibe sisitha.

Irayisi enamaxolo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yipaddy, igqunywa ngomququ orhabaxa, ekunzima kakhulu ukuba umzimba uyetyise. Ngoko abo bathanda irayisi ekrwada, ekuphela kwento abayenzayo kukuyisusa amaxolo, okanye ke mhlawumbi basuse namakhatshu ukuba loo mveliso ibekelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe.

Noko ke, imveliso apha ayithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kodwa iza kutyiwa ziintsapho zabalimi ngokwazo. Iinkozo bazigcina kwitikri, okanye isisele esifulelweyo nesilingene intsapho. Abantu abahlala kwintili yomlambo iGanges ngokuqhelekileyo batya irayisi ebilisiweyo, kodwa ngobuchule siqhula lowo simtyeleleyo, simcebisa ukuba kulo nyaka ufanele atye irayisi ekrwada.

“Andinakuyenza loo nto,” uphendula ngelitshoyo. “Kulo mmandla siqhelene nerayisi ebilisiweyo, ibe ngandlel’ ithile asiyinandiphi ngendlela efanayo le ikrwada.”

Siye seva ukuba irayisi ebilisiweyo ilungiselelwa ngokufakwa emanzini nangokubiliswa ithuba elifutshane, kodwa asiqinisekanga ngendlela okwenziwa ngayo oku. Okuvuyisayo kukuba umhlobo wethu uzinikela ukuba asibonise indlela intsapho yakhe ekwenza ngayo oku. Akukho mfuneko yasixhobo sikhethekileyo kuba kwenziwa nje isixa esincinane ngexesha ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana neentswelo zentsapho kangangeveki enye okanye ezimbini. Bazalisa ihanri enkulu, okanye imbiza yokupheka, ngeenkozo ebezigqunywe ngomququ ezigcinwe kwitikri bandule ke bagalele malunga nelitha enye yamanzi. Yandula ke ibekwe kwisitovu esivutha kakuhle nesibaswe ngeendiza, esibizwa ngokuthi yioonoon, de amanzi atshe qoko. Oko kusembizeni kufakwa kwisitya esikhulu esinamanye amanzi ubusuku bonke, aze emva kokuba ekhutshiwe, kubuyiselwe kwihanri ukuze kuphume umphunga de kome kwakhona. Ekugqibeleni, iinkozo zandlalwa emhlabeni ukuze zomiswe lilanga, maxa wambi zimane ziguquguqulwa ngonyawo.

Oku kwabonakala kungumsebenzi omninzi kakhulu kuthi, kodwa kukho iingenelo ezithile kule nkqubo ngaphandle nje kokuba ithandwa yile ntsapho. Ukuyibilisa ithuba elifutshane kuvumela iivithamin nezondlo ezithile kukhozo lwerayisi zifunxelwe kwiendosperm, okanye eyona ndawo ikukutya, yokhozo lwerayisi. Ngoko ezi akulula kangako ukuba zikhukuliseke ebudeni bokuyihlamba nokuyipheka okulandelayo. Isiphumo siba sisidlo esinesondlo ngakumbi. Ukuba ixabiso lerayisi linokunyuka kunganzima kakhulu kwabo baxhomekeke ngokuyintloko kwisidlo serayisi.

Enye ingenelo abayixabise kakhulu abalimi kukuba iinkozo ezibiliswe ithuba elifutshane kulula ngakumbi ukuzigcina yaye kulula nokususa ixolo. Ndawonye nokomelela okongeziweyo, oko kwenza ukuba kungabi lula ukwaphuka.

Incasa Yokhozo

“Ngoku lixesha lokuba siphinde sifumane iti namashwamshwam,” kutsho lowo simtyeleleyo. Sibuyela emva kwikhaya lakhe apho uDida (uMakhulu) alungiselela imoori. Le rayisi inyusiweyo nesandul’ ukwenziwa ithandwa ngabo bonke, ngokukodwa abantwana. UDida uhleli phantsi ngakwioonoon, egcada iikomityi ezimbalwa zerayisi engenamaxolo nebiliswe ithuba elifutshane abesandul’ ukuyinyakamisa waza wayigalela nentwana yetyuwa. Ngoku iinkozo zomile yaye azibambenanga nto leyo eyenza agalele ezimbalwa ngexesha kwipani yentsimbi enentlabathi eshushu. Njengoko eqhubeka etshisa le ntlabathi, irayisi iyenyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba injalo kakade. Yandula ke imoori egqityiweyo isuswe ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu wentlabathi ngesipha samasetyana ngaphambi kokuba itshe. Kwakhona la masetyana asetyenziswa ekohlwayeni izandla ezincinane ezingxamele ukungena kwingobozi enemoori eshushu.

Sinandipha imoori yethu kunye namaqhekeza ekhokhonathi asandul’ ukusikwa, kodwa silumkele ukungatyi kakhulu, njengoko sikhumbula ukuba isidlo sasemini asikude kakhulu.

Into yokugqibela esifuna ukuyibona kukususwa kwayo amaxolo. De kube kutshanje oku bekusenziwa ngesingqusho nentsimbi yaso ebizwa ngokuthi yidhenki kusetyenziswa unyawo, kodwa ngoku, kwanezona ndawo zikwanti, oomatshini bokususa amaxolo bayakhawulezisa. Le nguqulelo akayithandi amanye amagqala, ekubeni inwebu ebomvu (epidermis) yokhozo lwerayisi esuswe amaxolo ngedhenki isala ingonakalanga, nto leyo eyenza ukudla kube nencasa ephawulekayo nezondlo ezongezelelekileyo. Noke ke, umatshini ususa yonke into—ikhatshu, nento eninzi eselukhozweni—ushiya kuphela iendosperm emhlophe nenestatshi, efuneka kakhulu namhlanje.

Ngoku amanenekazi angxamele ukuba sitye isidlo asilungiseleleyo. Apheke irayisi ethiwe futhu ngokuyibilisa, yaye ngoku iphakwe yacumba kwiipleyiti ezenziwe ngamasebe omthi webhanana. Ngokulandelayo kulungiselelwa iilentile, imifuno yasekuhlaleni, nentlanzi elotywe echibini ukuze zityiwe nale rayisi. Sonke sivumelana kwelokuba le yenye yezona zinto zimnandi kutyelelo lwethu.

Ewe, enoba ityiwa ibilisiwe okanye ikrwada, irayisi kukudla okumnandi, yenye yengca eluhlaza uThixo awayintshulisa ‘njengemifuno yokunceda umntu.’—INdumiso 104:14.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 18]

IJhal Moori

Kwiindawo ezininzi eIndiya, amashwamshwam enziwe ngerayisi enyusiweyo athengiswa ezitratweni ngabathengisi abanxibe iimpahla ezimibalabala. Le Jhal moori iluncuthu mazangwa nenesondlo inokulungiselelwa lula yaye yahlukile ekudleni okuqhelekileyo okungamashwamshwam nokusezipaketheni.

Kwikomityi yerayisi enyusiweyo ekrum-krum nengenaswekile, galela ezi zinto zilandelayo, ngokwendlela ofuna ukuyinonga ngayo: iitumato ezinqunqwe kakuhle, amatswele, icucumber, iipepile eziluhlaza eziqhwethayo, (ukuba uyazifuna), intwana yamandongomane, uhlobo oluthile lwee-ertyisi (chick-peas) (ukuba ufuna njalo), ichaat masala (umxube wezinongo ezenziwe ngomgubo, ezifumaneka kwiivenkile zamaIndiya) okanye intwana yetyuwa nepepile, isiqingatha setispuni yeoli eyenziwe ngemostade okanye enye ioli yesaladi. Zihlukuhle ngamandla zonke ezi zithako uze uzitye ngoko nangoko.

Njengoko iindlela zokunonga zahlukahlukene, umthengisi wemoori uvumela lowo uyityayo akhethe oko afuna kongezwe nomlinganiselo wako kuludwe olukhulu lwemifuno enqunqiweyo nezinongo. Kwakhona usenokulungiselela izithako kwizitya ezincinane ezahlukahlukeneyo, uvumela iindwendwe zakho zixube imoori yazo.

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 16, 17]

(1) Ukubhula iindiza zerayisi (2) Ukwela (3) UDida ulungiselela “imoori” (4) Ingobozi ‘enemoori’ nezithako ezahlukahlukeneyo