Ukuyeka Ukuya Exesheni—Ukuzuza Ukuqonda Okubhetele
“BENDINGENAKUTSHO ukuba lixesha elimnandi kubomi bebhinqa,” lavuma njalo elinye ibhinqa elalisele lidlulile kwixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni, “kodwa ndicinga ukuba ungafunda kulo. Ndiye ndafunda indlela yokuzazelelela. Ukuba umzimba wam ufuna ukunyanyekelwa ngakumbi okanye ufuna ukuphumla, ndenza oko ndize ndiwuhlonele ngokufanelekileyo.”
Uhlolisiso olwenziwa kumabhinqa olwachazwa kwiphephancwadi iCanadian Family Physician lwatyhila ukuba “ukungayazi into eza kwenzeka” kwakuyeyona nto imbi ngokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Noko ke, amabhinqa awakuqonda ukuyeka ukuya exesheni njengotshintsho lokwemvelo aziva “engenaxhala kangako, engadandathekanga, ibe engacaphuki msinya yaye enethemba elingakumbi ngobomi bawo.”
Oko Kukuko
IWebster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ikuchaza ukuyeka ukuya exesheni ngale ndlela: “Ixesha lokuyeka ngokwemvelo ukuya exesheni okwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminyaka yobudala yama-45 neyama-50.” Kwakhona ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kuye kwachazwa ngokucacileyo njengokunqamka ngokupheleleyo kokuya exesheni.
Kumabhinqa athile, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kwenzeka ngequbuliso; elinye ixesha lokuya exesheni liyaphela lize elinye lingaze lenzeke. Kwamanye, amaxesha okuya exesheni ayatshintshatshintsha, esenzeka kwithuba eliphakathi kweeveki ezintathu ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela. Xa kuphela unyaka wonke ibhinqa lingakhange liye exesheni, ngokuqinisekileyo lisenokugqiba kwelokuba ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kwenzeke ngexesha ligqibelisa ukuya exesheni.
Ixesha Nesizathu Sokwenzeka Kwako
Imfuza, ukugula, uxinezeleko, amayeza notyando zisenokuba negalelo kwixesha okwenzeka ngalo. EMntla Merika ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuyeka ukuya exesheni bumalunga neminyaka engama-51. Ixesha lokwenzeka kwako ngokuqhelekileyo lisusela kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-40 ukusa phakathi kwiminyaka yama-50 yaye akufane kwenzeke ukuba libe ngaphambilana okanye libe semva koko. Amanani abonisa ukuba amabhinqa atshayayo adla ngokuyeka phambi kwexesha ukuya exesheni ibe amabhinqa anomzimba omkhulu adla ngokuyeka kade ukuya exesheni.
Xa ibhinqa lizalwa iziyilelo-maqanda zalo zinawo onke amaqanda eliya kuze libe nawo, ikhulu lamawaka aliqela. Ebudeni bomjikelo ngamnye wokuya exesheni, kuvuthwa amaqanda asusela kuma-20 ukusa kwali-1 000. Lize ke elinye, okanye ngamathuba athile angaphezu kwelinye, likhutshwe kwisiyilelo-maqanda lize lilungele ukudibana nembewu. Amanye amaqanda avuthiweyo ayafa. Kwakhona, ngokuvisisana nenkqubo yokuvuthwa kweqanda, umlinganiselo wencindi yamadlala we-estrogen neprogesterone wanda uze unciphe rhoqo.
Njengokuba ibhinqa lidlula kwiminyaka yalo yokugqibela yama-30, umlinganiselo we-estrogen neprogesterone uqalisa ukwehla, ngokuthe ngcembe okanye ngokukhawuleza, yaye ukukhutshwa kweqanda kusenokungaphindi kwenzeke kuyo yonke imijikelo. Amaxesha okuya exesheni aya esiba manqaphanqapha, ngokuqhelekileyo esenzeka emva kwethuba elide; ukumpompoza kwegazi xa usexesheni kuyatshintsha, kuthontsiza kancinane okanye limpompoze kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni akuphindi kubekho maqanda akhutshwayo, yaye amaxesha okuya exesheni ayanqumama.
Ukuya exesheni kokugqibela sisiphelo senkqubo yokutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yeencindi zamadlala nokusebenza kweziyilelo-maqanda esenokuba ithabathe iminyaka elishumi. Noko ke, izixa ezincinane ze-estrogen ziqhubeka ziveliswa ziziyilelo-maqanda kangangeminyaka eli-10 ukusa kwengama-20 emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Amadlala iadrenal neeseli zamafutha nazo zivelisa i-estrogen.
Iinguqulelo Eziphawulekayo Ebomini
Izicwili ezingadibaniyo okanye ezixhomekeke kwiestrogen ziyachaphazeleka njengokuba umlinganiselo we-estrogen uncipha. Ukuba nesifuthufuthu kucingelwa ukuba kubangelwa yincindi yamadlala akwinxalenye yobuchopho elawula ubushushu bomzimba. Indlela echanileyo ekwenzeka ngayo oku ayaziwa, kodwa kubonakala ukuba isixhobo esilawula ubushushu emzimbeni wakho siyatshintsha sibe sezantsi ukuze iqondo lobushushu ebelikade likulungele ngaphambili ngephanyazo likutshise kakhulu, uze umzimba ube nesifuthufuthu uze ubile ukuze uzipholise.
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi, The Silent Passage—Menopause, uGail Sheehy uthi: “Isiqingatha sawo onke amabhinqa anesifuthufuthu siqala ukusiva ngoxa sisaya exesheni ngokuqhelekileyo, siqalisa sisekubudala bamashumi amane eminyaka. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba inkoliso yamabhinqa iba nesifuthufuthu kangangeminyaka emibini. Ikota yamabhinqa iba naso kangangeminyaka emihlanu. Yaye i-10 ekhulwini liba naso ubomi balo bonke.”
Ngeli xesha lobomi bebhinqa, izicwili zelungu lesini lebhinqa ziba cekeceke zize zome njengokuba umlinganiselo we-estrogen uncipha. UGail Sheehy uthi, eminye imiqondiso amabhinqa aba nayo isenokuquka “ukubila ebusuku, ukuphelelwa bubuthongo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza kwesinyi, ukusuka nje ube nenteshe, ukuba nombilini, ukulila ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukugqajukelwa ngumsindo, ukuqaqanjelwa yintloko, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukuva ngathi uhanjwa zizinambuzane, [kunye] namaxesha okulibala kakhulu.”
Amaxesha Okudandatheka
Ngaba ukwehla kwe-estrogen kubangela ukudandatheka? Lo mbuzo kuye kwaphikiswana kakhulu ngawo. Impendulo ibonakala ikukuba kwamanye amabhinqa kuyakubangela, njengalawo iimvakalelo zawo zitshintshayo ngaphambi kokuba aye exesheni nalawo angalaliyo ngenxa yokubila ebusuku. Amabhinqa akweli qela abonakala echatshazelwa ngokulula kakhulu yindlela ukuhla nokunyuka kwencindi yamadlala okuzitshintsha ngayo iimvakalelo zawo. Ngokutsho kukaGail Sheehy, la mabhinqa ngokuqhelekileyo “afumana isiqabu sokwenene xa sele edlulile kwixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni” nemilinganiselo yeencindi zamadlala ingatshintshatshintshi.
Amabhinqa ayeka ukuya exesheni ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yonyango lwemitha, unyango lwemichiza okanye ngokutyandwa kususwa iziyilelo-maqanda aba nemiqondiso eqatha ngakumbi. Ezi nkqubo zonyango zisenokubangela ukuba ngequbuliso imilinganiselo ye-estrogen ihle kuze ngaloo ndlela kube kuqala imiqondiso yokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Kwezi meko kusenokunconyelwa amayeza ongezelela iestrogen, kuxhomekeka kwimpilo yebhinqa.
Indlela eba qatha ngayo le meko nemiqondiso efunyanwa ngamabhinqa ayifani, kwanokuba ayazalana. Oku kungenxa yokuba imilinganiselo yeencindi zamadlala yamabhinqa yahlukile yaye yehla ngemilinganiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, amabhinqa aba neemvakalelo, uxinezeleko, amandla okuhlangabezana nezinto nolindelo olwahlukileyo njengokuba esondela ekuyekeni ukuya exesheni.
Ixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni ngokufuthi lingqamana nezinye iimeko ezixinezelayo kubomi bebhinqa, njengokunyamekela abazali abalupheleyo, ukufumana umsebenzi wempangelo, ukubona abantwana bekhula baze bashiye ikhaya nolunye uhlengahlengiso lwaxa ukubudala obuphakathi. Olu xinezeleko lusenokubangela imiqondiso emzimbeni nakwiimvakalelo, kuquka nokulibala kakhulu, ukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo, ukuxhalaba, ukucaphuka nokudandatheka, zinto ezo ngempazamo ekunokuthiwa zibangelwa kukuyeka ukuya exesheni.
Ixesha Lobomi
Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni asikokuphela kobomi obunentsingiselo bebhinqa—kukuphela kwamandla alo okuzala. Emva kokuya okokugqibela exesheni kwebhinqa, iimvakalelo zalo ngokuqhelekileyo zizinza ngakumbi, azitshintshatshintshwa yimijikelo yenyanga nganye yencindi yamadlala.
Ngoxa siye sanikela ingqalelo ekunqumameni kokuya exesheni ngenxa yokuba kulutshintsho olucacileyo, kuphela oko kukubonakalisa iinguqulelo ezenzekayo njengokuba ibhinqa lifikelela kwixesha lokuyeka ukuvelisa abantwana ebomini balo. Ukufikisa ebuntwini obukhulu, ukumitha nokuzala nako kuba ngamaxesha eenguqu kwincindi zamadlala, emzimbeni nakwiimvakalelo. Ngoko, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kulixesha lokugqibela, kodwa kungekuphela kwalo, leenguqu ezibangelwa ziincindi zamadlala kubomi bebhinqa.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kulixesha elithile lobomi. Owayesakuba ngumhleli ophambili weJournal of the American Medical Women’s Association, wabhala oku: “Mhlawumbi abantu baya kuyeka ukujonga ukuyeka ukuya exesheni njengamanqam, okanye ‘njengotshintsho,’ baze bakujonge ngokufaneleke ngakumbi ‘njengolunye utshintsho.’”
Ngokuthuthuzelayo, incwadi ethi Women Coming of Age ichaza ukuba ukuyeka kwebhinqa ukuvelisa abantwana “kuyindlela yokwemvelo nengaphephekiyo njengokuba yasekwa kwasekuqaleni. Ukufika kwixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni eneneni kungumqondiso wokuba sempilweni—umqondiso wokuba iwotshi yangaphakathi yomzimba [walo] isebenza kakuhle.”
Noko ke, yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze olo tshintsho lungabi namagingxi-gingxi? Yaye iqabane namalungu entsapho anokuxhasa njani ebudeni bolu tshintsho ebomini? Inqaku elilandelayo liza kuyiqwalasela le mibandela.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 14]
Ngokufuthi ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kungqamana nezinye iimeko ezixinezelayo, kuquka ukunyamekela abazali abalupheleyo