Imeko Yezempilo Yehlabathi—Umsantsa Okhulayo
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EBRAZIL
XA UALI Maow Maalin waba nengqakaqa eSomaliya ngowe-1977, walaliswa esibhedlele ibe igama lakhe laba ngundaba-mlonyeni. Emva kokuba enyangiwe yaye ephilile, iWHO (World Health Organization [Intlangano Yezempilo Yehlabathi]) ngowe-1980 yavakalisa ukuba ingqakaqa—emva kokuthwaxa izigidi zabantu kangangeenkulungwane—iye yapheliswa emhlabeni. Kwathiwa uAli wayelixhoba lokugqibela ehlabathini.
Ngowe-1992, iWHO yanikela ingxelo ngezinye iingenelo zokunyamekela impilo: Ebudeni beyee-1980, abantu abangakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo bafumana amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo nezindlu zangasese ezifanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, abemi abaninzi kumazwe angawona asakhasayo bafumana iinkonzo zezonyango ekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yoko, ebudeni bale minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela, inani labantwana abafayo lehla kwezinye iindawo.
Izibakala Ezothusayo
Noko ke, le mpumelelo iye igalelwe amanzi kukukatya ize igqunyelelwe zizisongelo ezivelayo. Khawuqwalasele ezinye izibakala ezimbalwa ezothusayo.
IHIV/uGawulayo—Abantu abangaphezu kwe-17 000 000 ehlabathini lonke baneHIV, intsholongwane ebangela uGawulayo. Abamalunga nezi-3 000 000 baye banayo komnye unyaka kutshanje, okubonisa ukuba babeba malunga nama-8 000 ngosuku. Abantwana abangaphezu kwesigidi baye bosulelwa yiHIV. Ukufa okubangelwa nguGawulayo ebantwaneni kungekudala kusenokutshayela yonke inkqubela eyenziwayo ekusindisweni kwabantwana kwiminyaka elishumi yakutshanje. Yaye lo bhubhani ngoku wanda kakhulu ngesiquphe kwiindawo ezininzi, njengaseAsia. Ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini awo onke amaxhoba eHIV, iAids and Development, ithi ahlala kumazwe asakhasayo.
Isifo Sephepha—Nangona ngokubanzi besingakhathalelwanga kumashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, isifo sephepha kwakhona siye saligqugqisa ihlabathi, sibulala abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezithathu nyaka ngamnye, loo nto isenza ukuba sibe ngumbulali ophambili ehlabathini kwizifo ezasulelayo. Ngaphezu kwama-98 ekhulwini abo bantu bafayo akumazwe asakhasayo. Eyona nto ide ibe mbi ngakumbi, intsholongwane yesifo sephepha xa idibene neHIV, yenza umxube obulalayo isiba nemiphumo etshabalalisayo. Kulindeleke ukuba ngonyaka wama-2000, abantu abasisigidi abaneHIV babulawe sisifo sephepha nyaka ngamnye.
Umhlaza—Inani labantu abanomhlaza kumazwe asakhasayo ngoku likhulu ngakumbi kunelo likumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho.
Isifo Sentliziyo—“Kungekudala isifo sentliziyo siza kuba yintlekele esehlabathini lonke,” ulumkisa ngelitshoyo uGqr. Ivan Gyarfas weWHO. Isifo sentliziyo asisengobhubhani kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho kuphela. Ngokomzekelo, kuMzantsi noMbindi Merika abantu abangakumbi abaphindwe kabini nakathathu baya kubulawa sisifo sentliziyo kunokuba kunjalo ngezifo ezasulelayo. Kwiminyaka embalwa, intliziyo nokufa icala kuya kuba ngoonobangela abaphambili bokufa kuwo onke amazwe asakhasayo.
Izifo Zakweleenjiko—IWHO ilumkisa ngelithi: “Izifo zakweleenjiko zibonakala zigqugqisa, nekholera inwenwela kumazwe aseMerika . . . , i-yellow fever nobhubhani we-dengue ochaphazela kwanamanani amakhulu abantu, yaye imeko yesifo seengcongconi iya isiba maxongo.” Iphephancwadi iTime lithi: “Kwawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini, ukulwa nezifo ezasulelayo sele kuyintlekele.” Inani labantu ababulawa sisifo seengcongconi kuphela ngoku limalunga nezigidi ezibini ngonyaka—ekubeni kwakucingwa ukuba sitshayelwe ngokubanzi kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo.
Izifo Zorhudo—Inani labantu abaselula abanazo kumazwe asakhasayo liyothusa. Abantwana abaphantse babe ngama-40 000 bafa suku ngalunye ngenxa yesi sifo okanye ngenxa yokungondleki; kufa umntwana omnye qho ngemizuzwana esibhozo ngenxa yezi zifo zorhudo kuphela.
Impilo Nobuhlwempu—Uqhagamshelwano
Yintoni esiyiboniswa yile meko yezempilo? Enye ingcali yezempilo ithi: “Amazwe asakhasayo anengxaki entlu-mbini. Ngoku athwaxwa zizo zonke izifo ezasulelayo ezivelayo kwezi mini kodwa kwanazizifo zakweleenjiko ezisagqugqisayo.” Yintoni umphumo? “Imfanta engokwejografi” ekhathazayo iye yabonakala, iphawula oko incwadi ethi Achieving Health for All by the Year 2000. Ngaloo ndlela, indlela enyanyekelwa ngayo impilo kumazwe angama-40 aseAfrika naseAsia “ayifani neyehlabathi liphela.” Umsantsa kwezempilo mkhulu—yaye uyakhula.
Nangona kukho izizathu ezininzi zalo msantsa ukhulayo, omnye unobangela oyintloko wempilo enkenenkene, iphephancwadi iWorld Health lithi, “bubuhlwempu.” (Thelekisa IMizekeliso 10:15.) Ngokufuthi ubuhlwempu benza abantu bahlale kwizindlu ezingafanelekanga ezingenazindlu zangasese, ezingenamanzi akhuselekileyo nawaneleyo nokuxinana. Aba thunywashe bathathu abadodobalisi impilo nje kuphela kodwa enyanisweni bandisa izifo. Ukongezelela koku kukwakho nokungondleki, okwenza umzimba ube buthathaka ekuzikhuseleni kwizifo, yaye unokusibona isizathu sokuba ubuhlwempu bube yingozi empilweni ngendlela eziyingozi ngayo iintubi kwisikhuni.
Xa izifo ezibulalayo zihlasela emakhayeni abantu, zingxwelerha imizimba, ibe zibulala abantwana, amahlwempu angawona achaphazeleka kabuhlungu. Phawula eminye imizekelo. Kwiindawo ezinamahlwempu eMzantsi Afrika, abantu abanesifo sephepha baphindwe kalikhulu kunabakwimimandla yabantu abamkela intywenka yemali abakwakwelo lizwe. Kwimimandla yabantu abahlwempuzekileyo eBrazil, abantu abangakumbi abaphindwe kathandathu babulawa yinyumoniya nayi-influenza kunakwimimandla emi kakuhle ngakumbi esemideni. Yaye inani leentsana ezifayo zeentsapho ezingamahlwempu zaseIndiya liphakame ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunelo leentsapho ezizizityebi zaseIndiya. Isibakala esibuhlungu sicacile: ‘Ubuhlwempu buyingozi empilweni yakho!’
Alimangalisi elokuba abantu abangaphezu kwewaka lesigidi ehlabathini lonke abahlala ebugxwayibeni bephelelwe lithemba. Oonobangela abayintloko bobuhlwempu bangaphaya kwamandla abo, yaye iziphumo ezibangela ukuba bagule zilawula ubomi babo. Ukuba unyamezele iziphumo ezibuhlungu zobuhlwempu, nawe usenokuziva uphelelwe lithemba ukwicala elinxunguphalisayo lomsantsa wezempilo. Sekunjalo, enoba ulihlwempu okanye akunjalo, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathabatha ukuze ukhusele impilo yakho neyabantwana bakho. Ngawaphi loo manyathelo? Inqaku elilandelayo linikela amacebiso athile.