Izinto Exhomekeke Kuzo Impilo Yakho—Onokukwenza

IMPILO ayifani nerayisi okanye umgubo, asiyonto unokuyiphiwa ngumntu onceda abantu abathwaxwa yintlekele. Akunakuyifumana isengxoweni kuba asiyompahla kodwa iyimeko. IWHO (World Health Organization [INtlangano Yezempilo Yehlabathi]) ithi, “Impilo, yimeko yokuba ngumqabaqaba emzimbeni, engqondweni nasentlalweni.” Noko ke, yintoni emisela umlinganiselo wokuba ngumqabaqaba?

Indlu efanelekileyo isenokwakhiwa kusetyenziswa amaplanga, izikhonkwane namacangci, kodwa iinxalenye ezahlukahlukeneyo zidla ngokuxhaswa ziintsika ezine ezisezikoneni. Ngokufanayo, impilo yethu ixhomekeke koothunywashe abaliqela, kodwa bonke banxulumene noothunywashe abane “abasezikoneni.” Naba (1) ihambo, (2) imekobume, (3) ezonyango, (4) nendlela umntu adalwe ngayo. Kanye njengokuba usenokomeleza indlu yakho ngokuphucula umgangatho weentsika zayo, nawe usenokuphucula impilo yakho ngokuphucula umgangatho waba thunywashe bayiphembelelayo. Umbuzo ngulo, Kunokwenziwa njani oko xa imali ilinganiselwe?

Ihambo Yakho Nempilo Yakho

Kwaba thunywashe bane, ihambo yakho iyenye yezona zinto unokuzilawula. Ukuyiphucula kunokukunceda. Kuyavunywa ukuba ubuhlwempu bukusikela umda ekuphuculeni ukutya nemikhwa yakho, kodwa ngokusebenzisa ngokuzeleyo oko kufumanekayo, unako ukwenza umahluko obonakalayo. Phawula lo mzekelo ulandelayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo umama kuye kufuneke akhethe phakathi kokuluncancisa ibele nokuluncancisa ibhotile usana lwakhe. INgxowa-mali Yeemfuno Zabantwana YeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ithi, ukuncancisa ibele “kulolona khetho lulungileyo, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwezoqoqosho.” Iingcali zithi ubisi lukamama, “lukukutya okusisiseko empilweni,” lunika usana “umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weeprotini, amafutha, i-lactose, iivithamini, izimbiwa nezinye izondlo ezifunekayo ukuze umzimba ukhule kakuhle.” Kwakhona ubisi lwebele luneeprotini ezilwa nezifo, okanye izibulala-ntsholongwane, ezisuka kumama ziye elusaneni, lunika usana isiqalo esilungileyo ekulweni izifo.

Ngokukodwa kumazwe akweleenjiko angenazindlu zangasese zaneleyo, ukuncancisa ibele kokona kulungileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nobisi lwebhotile, ubisi lwebele alunakuxutywa namanzi ngokugqithisileyo ukuze kongiwe imali, akunakwenziwa iimpazamo ekulungiselelweni kwalo, yaye ngamaxesha onke luphuma kwindawo ecocekileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, “usana oluncanciswa ibhotile kwiindawo zamahlwempu lungabulawa zizifo zorhudo mhlawumbi ngokuphindwe kali-15 yaye lungabulawa yinyumoniya ngokuphindwe kane kunosana oluncanciswa ibele kuphela,” itsho njalo iSynergy, iphephandaba leCanadian Society for International Health.

Kwakhona kuyingenelo kwezoqoqosho. Kumazwe asakhasayo, ubisi olungumgubo lubiza imali eninzi. Ngokomzekelo, eBrazil ukuncancisa usana ibhotile kusenokuthabatha isinye kwisihlanu kumvuzo wenyanga wentsapho engamahlwempu. Imali eyongiwa ngokuncancisa ngebele inokuthengela intsapho iphela—kuquka nomama ukutya okunempilo ngakumbi.

Ngenxa yezi ngenelo, usenokulindela ukuba ukuncancisa ngebele kuyathandwa. Sekunjalo, oonompilo kwiiPhilippines banikela ingxelo yokuba ukuncancisa ngebele apho “kunqabe okwezinyo lenkuku,” yaye uhlolisiso olwenziwa eBrazil lwabonisa ukuba omnye woothunywashe abayintloko bokufa kweentsana ngenxa yeengxaki zokuphefumla “kukunqongophala kokuncanciswa ibele.” Noko ke, usana lwakho lusengayiphepha loo ntlekele. Unokhetho.

Noko ke, imigudu kamama yokukhusela impilo yosana ngokufuthi iphazanyiswa yihambo engekho mpilweni yamanye amalungu entsapho. Qwalasela umzekelo womnye umama eNepal. Uhlala kwigumbi elifumileyo nomyeni nentombi yakhe eneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Eli gunjana, libhala litsho iphephancwadi iPanoscope, lizaliswe ngumsi wegunjana lokuphekela nowecuba. Usana luneengxaki zokuphefumla. Ebindekile lo mama uthi: “Andinakumyekisa ukutshaya umyeni wam. Ngoku ndithenga imidiza yomyeni wam namayeza osana lwam.”

Okubuhlungu kukuba le ngxaki yakhe iya ixhaphaka ngokwandayo nangakumbi njengokuba abantu abakumazwe asakhasayo bechitha imali efuneka kangaka ngokutshaya. Enyanisweni, xa intshayi enye yaseYurophu okanye eUnited States iyeka ukutshaya, kukho abantu ababini abaqalisa ukutshaya kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika okanye eAfrika. Izibhengezo ezikhohlisayo zibekek’ ityala kakhulu, itsho njalo incwadi yesiDatshi ethi Roken Welbeschouwd. Imibhalo enjengethi “Varsity: ukuze ufumane loo mvakalelo iluncuthu mazangwa” nothi “Gold Leaf: imidiza ebaluleke gqitha yabantu ababaluleke gqitha” yeyisela amahlwempu ekucingeni ukuba ukutshaya kunento yokwenza nenkqubela nempumelelo. Kodwa enyanisweni kwenza okwahlukileyo koko. Kutya imali yakho kuze konakalise impilo yakho.

Khawuqwalasele oku. Sihlandlo ngasinye umntu etshaya umdiza, unciphisa ubomi bakhe ngemizuzu elishumi yaye wandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sentliziyo nesokufa icala, kwakunye nomhlaza wemiphunga, womqala nowomlomo nezinye izifo. Iphephancwadi iUN Chronicle lithi: “Ukusebenzisa icuba kuphela konobangela wokufa ngaphambi kwexesha noweziphene okhoyo ehlabathini onokuphetshwa.” Nceda uphawule ukuba ithi ‘unobangela onokuphetshwa.’ Unako ukuyeka ukutshaya.

Kakade ke, kukho ukhetho oluninzi ngakumbi lwehambo oluchaphazela impilo yakho. Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 11 leli nqaku idwelisa inkcazelo onokuyifunda kwithala leencwadi leHolo yoBukumkani yamaNgqina kaYehova. Liyinyaniso elokuba ukufunda inkcazelo kufuna umgudu. Sekunjalo, elinye igosa leWHO lithi: “Akunakuba nampilo ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka nabantu abaqondayo abaye banolwazi baza bafunda ngemeko yempilo yabo.” Ngoko thabatha eli nyathelo lesisa elikhuthaza impilo: Zifundise.

Impilo Nemekobume Yekhaya

Imekobume echaphazela impilo yakho kakhulu likhaya lakho nabamelwane bakho, itsho njalo incwadi ethi The Poor Die Young. Imekobume yakho inokuba yingozi empilweni yakho ngenxa yamanzi. Izifo ezasulelayo, izifo zesikhumba, urhudo, ikholera, isisu segazi, ityphoid, nezinye iinkxwaleko zibangelwa kukunqongophala nokungacoceki kwamanzi.

Ukuba ukuhlamba izandla zakho kukusuka nje uvulele impompo, kusenokuba nzima ngawe ukuqonda ixesha abantu abangenazimpompo emakhayeni abo abalichitha ekukheni amanzi suku ngalunye. Ngokufuthi abantu abangaphezu kwama-500 basebenzisa impompo enye. Oko kuthetha ukulinda. Kodwa abantu abafumana umvuzo omncinane basebenza iiyure ezinde, ibe ukulinda, “kutya ixesha ebelinokusetyenziselwa ekufumaneni umvuzo,” itsho njalo incwadi ethi Environmental Problems in Third World Cities. Alimangalisi elokuba ukuze kongiwe ixesha kuye kufuneke intsapho yabathandathu ithwale iiemele ezingaphantsi kwezingama-30 zamanzi afuneka suku ngalunye ukwenzela intsapho engako. Kodwa ke aba mancinane kakhulu amanzi okuhlamba ukutya, izitya neempahla nawokucoca umzimba. Oku kukhokelela kwiimeko ezithi, zona, zitsale iintakumba neempukane, ezibeka engozini impilo yentsapho.

Khawucinge ngale meko. Ukuba uxhomekeke kwibhayisekile ukuze ufike emsebenzini wakho omgama, ngaba ubuya kuthi yilahleko ukuchitha ixesha elithile veki nganye ugalela ioli etsheyineni, ulungisa iziqhoboshi okanye ufakela ucingo oluxhasa ivili? Akunjalo, ekubeni uqonda ukuba kwanokuba uzuza iiyure ezimbalwa ngoku ungayilungisi, usenokulahlekelwa lusuku lonke lomsebenzi kamva xa ibhayisekile yakho isonakala. Ngokufanayo, usenokuzuza iiyure ezithile nemalana veki nganye ukuba uyayeka ukukha amanzi aneleyo okulondoloza impilo yakho, kodwa kamva usenokulahlekelwa ziintsuku nemali eninzi xa, ngenxa yokungayilondolozi, impilo yakho iba maxongo.

Ukukha amanzi aneleyo kusenokwenziwa umsebenzi wentsapho. Nangona isithethe sasekuhlaleni sisenokuyalela ukuba amanzi akhiwe ngumama nabantwana kuphela, utata onenyameko akasayi kukuphepha ukusebenzisa amandla akhe ekukheni amanzi ngokwakhe.

Noko ke, emva kokuba amanzi efikile ekhaya kuvela ingxaki yesibini—indlela yokuwagcina ecocekile. Iingcali zempilo zicebisa oku: Musa ukugcina amanzi okusela namanzi asetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo entweni enye. Ngamaxesha onke yivale ngesiciko esiyivala ngci into ahlala kuyo amanzi. Walinde amanzi acwenge kangangethuba elithile ukuze intlenge yehlele ezantsi. Musa ukufaka iminwe emanzini xa uwakha, kodwa sebenzisa ikomityi ecocekileyo enomqheba omde. Zicoce rhoqo ngomxube webleach izinto amanzi ahlala kuzo, yaye emva koko zipule ngamanzi acocekileyo. Kuthekani ngamanzi emvula? Ngokuqinisekileyo asisisulu (nakhona ukuba kuyana!), yaye asenokuba acocekile ukuba akukho kungcola kungena namanzi emvula kwitanki yokuwagcina naxa itanki ikhuselwe kwizinambuzane nezikrekrethi nezinye izilwanyana.

Xa uthandabuza enoba amanzi acocekile kusini na, iWHO icebisa ukuba ugalele imichiza enechlorine, njengesodium hypochlorite okanye icalcium hypochlorite. Iyasebenza, yaye ibiza imali encinane. Ngokomzekelo, ePeru, le ndlela ibiza intsapho eqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kweerandi ezisixhenxe ngonyaka.

Impilo Nokunyamekela Impilo

Ngokufuthi abantu abangamahlwempu bayazazi iindlela ezimbini zokunyamekela impilo: (1) ezifumanekayo kodwa ezingafikelelekiyo (2) nezifikelelekayo kodwa ezingafumanekiyo. UDonna Maria, omnye wabahlali basematyotyombeni eSão Paulo abaphantse babe ngama-650 000, uchaza indlela yokuqala ngokuthi: “Kuthi, ezonyango ezisemgangathweni zinjengento ebekwe efestileni kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto ezibiza imali eninzi. Singazibuka nje, kodwa asinakukwazi ukuzifumana.” (Iphephancwadi iVandaar) Eneneni, uDonna Maria uhlala kwisixeko apho izibhedlele zinikela utyando lweheart-bypass, uqhaqho-fakelo, iCAT scan, namanye amayeza obugcisa obuhambele phambili. Noko ke, yena akakwazi ukuzifikelela ezi zinto.

Ukuba ukunyamekela impilo akufikeleleki njengento ebiza imali eninzi kwiivenkile ezininzi, ngoko ke ukunyamekela impilo okufikelelekayo kunjengento ebiza imali encinane athi amakhulu abathengi akufikelele ngexesha elinye. Ingxelo yeendaba yakutshanje yelizwe laseMzantsi Merika yaphawula oku: ‘Abagulayo bema emgceni kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuze babone ugqirha. Zizele zimi ngeembambo. Izibhedlele zikawonke wonke azinamali, amayeza nokutya. Inkqubo yezonyango iyagula.’

Ukuze iphucule ukunyamekela impilo yabaninzi, iWHO ngokuthe ngcembe iye yee xha ukuzama ukuthintela izifo yaza yakhuthaza impilo ngokufundisa abantu indlela yokuthintela neyokulawula izifo. Iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukunyamekela impilo okusisiseko, njengokutya ukutya okufanelekileyo, amanzi acocekileyo, nezindlwana zangasese ezisemgangathweni, zenze kwakho “inkqubela ebonakalayo kwimpilo yehlabathi lonke,” ibhala oko iUN Chronicle. Ngaba ezi nkqubo ziyingenelo kuwe? Mhlawumbi enye yazo iye yenjenjalo. Yiyiphi leyo? YiEPI (Expanded Program on Immunization [Inkqubo Eyandileyo Yokugonya]).

Ingxelo enge-EPI iphawula oku: “Umntu ogonyayo uye wathabathel’ indawo unoposi njengoyena mtyeleli uxhaphakileyo emakhayeni nakwiidolophana.” Ebudeni beminyaka elishumi edluleyo, iinaliti zokugonya zazisetyenziswa ukusuka kwiAmazon ukuya kwiiHimalayas, yaye ngowe-1990, iWHO yanikela le ngxelo, ama-80 ekhulwini abantwana abasehlabathini aye agonyelwa izifo ezintandathu ezibulalayo.a Nyaka ngamnye, iEPI isindisa ubomi babantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezithathu. Abanye abangama-450 000 ababeneziphene mhlawumbi bayakwazi ukuhamba, ukubaleka nokudlala. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuze kuthintelwe izifo, abazali abaninzi benza isigqibo sobuqu sokuba abantwana babo bagonywe.

Maxa wambi usenokungakwazi ukuthintela ukugula, kodwa usenokukwazi ukukunyanga. Iphephancwadi iWorld Health lithi: “Kuye kwaqikelelwa ukuba isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abagulayo siyazinyanga okanye sinyangwe yintsapho.” Enye yezo ndlela zokuzinyanga ngumxube olula, nongabizi mali eninzi, wetyuwa, iswekile namanzi acocekileyo obizwa ngokuba yioral rehydration solution (iORS).

Iingcungela ezininzi zezempilo ziyigqala ioral rehydration therapy, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kweORS, njengolona nyango luphumelelayo xa umzimba uphelelwe ngamanzi ngenxa yorhudo. Xa sinokusetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke ukuze kunyangwe abantu abasisi-1,5 sewaka lezigidi abaphathwa lurhudo nyaka ngamnye kumazwe asakhasayo, isingxotyana setyuwa esetyenziswa kumxube weORS esixabisa iisenti ezilishumi kuphela sinokusindisa ubomi babantwana abaninzi abazizigidi ezisisi-3,2 ababulawa zizifo zorhudo nyaka ngamnye.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza alwa norhudo kwamanye amazwe, “kusaxhaphake kakhulu kunokusetyenziswa kweORS,” itsho njalo iEssential Drugs Monitor, iphephandaba leWHO. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe athile asakhasayo kusetyenziswa amayeza ngokuphindwe kathathu ngokufuthi ukunyanga urhudo kuneORS. Eli phephancwadi liphawula oku: “Oku kusetyenziswa kwamayeza okungeyomfuneko kubiza imali eninzi ngokugqithisileyo.” Iintsapho ezingamahlwempu kusenokude kunyanzeleke ukuba zithengise ukutya ukuze zilufumane. Ngaphezu koko, ilumkisa ngelokuba, amayeza alwa norhudo akanaxabiso lingqineke lisemgangathweni kangako, yaye amanye ayingozi. “Oogqirha abafanele bancomele amayeza anjalo, . . . yaye iintsapho azifanele ziwathenge.”

Kunokuba icebise amayeza, iWHO inikela oku kulandelayo kokunyanga urhudo. (1) Thintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokunika umntwana amanzi angakumbi, njengamanzi abepheka irayisi okanye umnike iti. (2) Ukuba umntwana uphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni sekunjalo, bonana nonompilo ukuze amxilonge, yaye mnyange ngeORS umntwana. (3) Mondle ngendlela eqhelekileyo umntwana ebudeni nasemva kokuba ebe norhudo. (4) Ukuba umntwana uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni ngendlela eqatha, ufanele afumane unyango ngokusezwa ngemibhobho eya egazini.b

Ukuba awunakuzifumanela iORS esele isezingxotyaneni, landela le ndlela ilula yokuyenza ngenyameko: Dibanisa itispuni elingachuchumaliyo elinye letyuwa yokupheka, iitispuni ezisibhozo ezingachuchumaliyo zeswekile, nelitha enye (iikomityi ezizeleyo ezintlanu eziziimililitha ezingama-200 inye) yamanzi acocekileyo. Mnike ikomityi enye ezeleyo ngorhudo ngalunye, abantwana abancinane banike isiqingatha sekomityi. Bona ibhokisi ekwiphepha 10 ukuze ufumane inkcazelo ngalo mbandela.

Noko ke, kuthekani ngesibakala sesine, indlela edalwe ngayo imizimba yethu? Ingaphenjelelwa njani? Inqaku elilandelayo liphendula loo mbuzo.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 8,9]

UKUNYAMEKELA IMPILO OKUSISISEKO—KUSEBENZA NJANI?

Ukuze ufumane impendulo kulo mbuzo, uVukani! wathetha noGqr. Michael O’Carroll, ummeli weWHO eMzantsi Merika. Nazi izicatshulwa zaloo ncoko.

‘THINA sesaqhela ukuba ukunyamekela impilo kuxhomekeke nje ekunyangweni ngamayeza. Ukuba uyagula, uya kugqirha. Ulibale tu ukuba ubukhe wazinxinxa ngeebhotile ezimbini ze-whiskey. Ulibale ukuba akuzange wenze mthambo. Usuka uye kugqirha ufike uthi: “Gqirha, ndinyange.” Aze ugqirha akufake into emlonyeni, afake into engalweni yakho, akusike ndaweni ithile, okanye afake nto ithile. Ngoku ke, undiva ndiyibeka dlakadlaka nje le meko, ndifuna ufumane ingongoma, kodwa le ndlela yokujonga ezonyango iye yaxhaphaka gqitha. Ngokuphosakeleyo iingxaki zasentlalweni siye sathi zezonyango. Ukuzibulala, ukungondleki nokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi ziye zaba ziingxaki zezonyango. Kodwa azizizo tu. Azinanto yakwenza neengxaki zempilo. Ziingxaki zasentlalweni eziye ziphele sezichaphazela impilo nezonyango.

‘Ngoko, ebudeni beminyaka engama-20 edluleyo, abantu bathi, “Khanime. Umhlola sisawuphosa. Kufuneka siyijonge ngelinye iliso impilo.” Ngoko kwamiselwa eminye imigaqo esisiseko eyintloko yokunyamekela impilo, enjengale:

‘Kuluncedo yaye kubiza imali encinane ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwethuba ukuthintela isifo kunokusinyanga. Ngokomzekelo, kuchasene nento yokuba kwakhiwe ikliniki yokwenza utyando lwentliziyo ngoxa kungekho uzikhathazayo ngoonobangela baso. Oko akuthethi ukuba maziyekwe zinganyangwa izifo xa zikho. Kakade umele uzinyange. Ukuba kukho umngxuma esitratweni obangela iingozi suku ngalunye evekini, ubuya kulunyanga usizana lomntu otshone kuwo waza wophuka umlenze, kodwa into elunge ngakumbi nebiza imali encinane onokuyenza yile: Vala loo mngxuma.

‘Omnye umgaqo ukukusebenzisa kakuhle izinto zonyango onazo. Ngokwalo mgaqo ubungenakuthumela umntu ekliniki ngengxaki ebinokusingathwa ekhaya. Uthumele umntu kwisibhedlele esinezixhobo ezihambele phambili kwezobugcisa ngengxaki ebinokuqatyeliswa nasekliniki. Okanye ukuthumela ugqirha, oye waqeqeshwa iminyaka elishumi eyunivesithi, ukuba aye kugonya abantu ngoxa kukho umntu oye waqeqeshwa kangangeenyanga ezintandathu enokwenza loo msebenzi ukwamnye. Xa loo gqirha kufuneka enze umsebenzi awuqeqeshelweyo, akafanele azibandeze. Naku esikuxelelwa yindlela yokunyamekela impilo ngokusisiseko: Fundisa abantu, thintela izifo, uze usebenzise izinto zonyango onazo ngobulumko.’

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 10]

ENYE IORS YEKHOLERA

Ngoku iWHO incomela ukuba kusetyenziswe iORS (oral rehydration solution) eyenziwe ngerayisi, kuneORS eqhelekileyo yeglukhozi, ekunyangeni abantu abanekholera. Uhlolisiso luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abanekholera abanyangwe ngeORS eyenziwe ngerayisi baye baya ngasese izihlandlo ezingaphantsi kwama-33 ekhulwini yaye abahambisi kakhulu xa bethelekiswa nabantu abanekholera abanyangwe ngeORS eqhelekileyo. Ilitha enye yeORS eyenziwe ngerayisi yenziwa ngokusebenzisa iigram ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-80 zomgubo werayisi ophekiweyo kunokusebenzisa iigram zeswekile ezingama-20.—Essential Drugs Monitor.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 11]

OKUNGAKUMBI ONOKUKUFUNDA NGOKU . . .

Ihambo: “Impilo Entle—Yintoni Onokuyenza Ngayo?” (UVukani!, kaDisemba 8, 1989) “Icuba Nempilo Yakho—Ngaba Ngokwenene Ezo Zinto Zinxulumene?” (UVukani!, kaJulayi 8, 1989) “Ukunceda Abantwana Bahlale Bephilile!” (UVukani!, kaOktobha 8, 1988) “Okwenziwa Butywala Emzimbeni Wakho”—UVukani!, kaSeptemba 8, 1980.

Imekobume: “Ukuhlangabezana Nocelomngeni Lococeko” (UVukani!, kaOktobha 8, 1988) “Hlala Ucocekile, Hlala Usempilweni!”—UVukani!, kaMatshi 8, 1978.

Ukunyamekela impilo: “Eminye Imilinganiselo Esindis’ Ubomi” (IAwake!, kaSeptemba 22, 1988) “Isiselo Esinetyuwa Esisindis’ Ubomi!”—IAwake!, Septemba 22, 1985.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Ukukha amanzi kuthetha ukulinda nokusebenza

[Inkcazelo]

Mark Peters/Sipa Press

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 9]

Amanzi acocekileyo aneleyo—imfuneko kwimpilo entle

[Inkcazelo]

Mark Peters/Sipa Press