Ukubeleka Abantwana—Iindlela ZaseAfrika NezakuMntla Merika
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! ENIGERIA
KUKHO iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokubeleka abantwana ezisetyenziswa ngabantu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Iindlela zakuMntla Merika nezaseAfrika zahluke gqitha.
Kula mazwekazi ahlukeneyo, iimeko zoqoqosho azifani tu kwaphela. Ngoko sinokulindela ukuba iindlela zokubabeleka zahluke gqitha. Okokuqala, makhe sibone indlela abantu bakuMntla Merika ngokufuthi abakwenza ngayo oku.
Indlela YakuMntla Merika
EUnited States nakweminye imimandla emininzi ehlabathini, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iinqwelana zabantwana ezinamavili amane okanye iiprem. Ibe kwiminyaka yakutshanje usukelo ibikukuzenza zisebenziseke lula, zibe ntle, yaye zibe tofotofo emntwaneni. Uninzi lwazo lugqunywe ngamalaphu amahle, imiqamelo ehlambeka lula, nezitulo eziphakamileyo.
Iinqwelana zabantwana ziba yindawo yokuphumla, ukutshintsha indlela yesiqhelo, nokuphumza iinyawo zabo ezibuhlungu. Kumntwana oleleyo, inqwelana inokuba njengebhedi enamavili. Ngokufuthi ukuhamba kwenqwelana kuyamthuthuzela kuze kumzolise umntwana odiniweyo nokhathazayo.
Iinqwelana zabantwana zinokubenza ubomi bube lula nakubazali. Omnye umzali wathi: “Kulula ukuzisebenzisa kunokufunqula umntwana naphi na apho uya khona.” Kusenokuba lula ukufunqula umntwana xa esemncinane, kodwa kubakho umahluko omkhulu xa eqala ukuba mkhulu ngokuphindaphindwe kabini okanye kathathu. Ukongezelela, abazali bayakuvuyela ukwazi ukuba umntwana wabo ukhuselekile yaye unqabisekile kwinqwelana yabantwana abakwaziyo ukuyilawula.
EUnited States, iinqwelana zenziwa ngenyameko ukuze zikhuseleke. Zenziwa zibe nesiseko esibanzi nesingaphakamanga kakhulu ukuze kungabi lula ukuziwisa. Iziqhoboshi zimele zomelele zize zibe kwindawo ezingenakukhululwa kuyo ngumntwana osenqweleni. Kufakelwa izinto zokuyibophelela ukuze ingasongeki ngengozi. Kuqinisekwa ukuba akukho “ndawo zitswebayo”—ezinokutsweba iminwe emincinane. Amabhanti okuqhobosha azenza zikhuseleke ngakumbi.
Iinqwelana zixabisa ukususela kwiidola ezingama-20 (R70) de ziliphindaphinde kasibhozo okanye kalishumi elo xabiso. Olunye uhlobo olutofotofo oluxabisa iidola ezingama-300 (R1 000) lunebhaskithi enkulu, umphakathi otofotofo, umphandle okwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu embi, amavili ajikela kuwo onke amacala, kunye nophahla olukhaphukhaphu nolusongeka lula. “Inqwelana yokunkcunkca” eyenziwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuze umama okanye utata akwazi ukuqhuba umntwana ngoxa enkcunkca, ixabisa iidola ezingama-380 (R1 380).
Indlela YaseAfrika
EAfrika, nakwamanye amazwe aseAsia, inkoliso yoomama ibabeleka emqolo abantwana bayo, kanye njengoko babesenza oomama bayo kunye noomakhulu bayo. “Ukubeleka usana emqolo” njengoko kubizwa njalo ngabantu baseAfrika, yeyona ndlela ingabizi mali ininzi nelungeleleneyo. Ekuphela kwento efunekayo lilaphu elomeleleyo, elibanzi ekuthiwa libhayi. Ngokulula nje, umama uyagoba, elungisa usana lwakhe olusemqolo, aze azibhijele ngelo laphu yena nosana.
Ngaba bakhe bawe abantwana ngoxa kulungiswa ibhayi? Oku akudli ngakwenzeka. Xa elungisa ibhayi, umama uxhasa usana ngesinye isandla ngoxa eqinisa ibhayi ngesinye. Ngokuphathelele abantwana abadadlana, ibhinqa laseNigeria elibizwa ngokuba nguBlessing lathi: “Abantwana abaxhathisi; bayabambelela. Bayakuthanda ukubelekwa ngoonina. Ngamanye amaxesha bade bakulilele ukubelekwa. Kodwa ukuba usana luyajubalaza, unina unokufaka enye okanye zombini iingalo zalo ekhwapheni de agqibe ukulungisa ibhayi.”
Ukuze baxhase iintamo zeentsana, oomama basebenzisa elinye ilaphu lesibini, abalibopha ngendlela efanayo nebhayi. Inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo kubantwana abasebancinane okanye abaleleyo inikelwa ngokufaka iingalo zosana ngaphakathi kwebhayi. Abantwana abadadlana banandipha inkululeko yokujingisa iingalo zabo ngaphandle kwebhayi.
Oomama baseAfrika bababeleka ixesha elide kangakanani abantwana babo? Kumaxesha adluleyo zimbi iintlanga, ezinjengamaYoruba aseNigeria, bezibabeleka abantwana bazo kangangeminyaka emithathu. Kule mihla umntwana ubelekwa kangangeminyaka emibini, ngaphandle kokuba unina uzala omnye umntwana oza kumthabathel’ indawo.
Ethe ncwaba kamnandi emqolo kunina, umntwana unokuya naphi na apho unina aya khona—ukunyuka nokuhla kwizinyuko, kwindawo ekunzima ukuhamba kuyo, ekukhweleni nasekuhleni kwiinqwelo-mafutha. Kodwa ngaphandle nje kokuba kuyindlela engabiziyo yokuhambisa abantwana, ukubeleka umntwana kwanelisa nezinye iimfuno ezingokweemvakalelo, ezinjengokuthuthuzela. Umntwana okhalayo unina umbeka emqolo; umntwana uyalala, yaye unina uyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe.
Ukuthula umntwana oleleyo emqolo asiwe ebhedini kufuna ubunono, ekubeni abanye abantwana bengafuni kuphazanyiswa. Ukuze enze oku, ngokuzolileyo unina ulala ngecala aze akhulule ibhayi, eliza kujika ngoku libe yingubo. Maxa wambi, ukuze luzive lunqabisekile ngathi lusemqolo, ufaka umqamelo phambi kosana.
Ukubeleka usana kunezinye iingenelo. Kumenza umama akwazi ukuziqonda iimfuno zosana lwakhe. Ukuba usana lucubhukile, luyajweda, lunobushushu, okanye lumanzi, uya kuluva. Kwakhona ukubeleka usana kunokuzisa iingenelo ezihlala ixesha elide. Incwadi ethi Growth and Development ithi: “Ukusondelelana ngokwemizimba ngexesha lobuntwana kwakha iqhina elomeleleyo lothando phakathi komama nomntwana, olubeka isiseko solwalamano oluphakathi kwabo kwiminyaka eza kulandela. Kukholelwa ukuba isibakala esibalulekileyo kweli qhina kukuba umntwana osoloko ekufutshane ngolo hlobo unokukuva lula ukubetha kwentliziyo kanina, kanye njengoko wayesenza xa wayesesibelekweni sikanina.”
Abantwana bayakuthanda ukusondelelana okubangelwa kukubelekwa emqolo. EAfrika akunqabanga ukubona abantwana abonwabileyo kwimiqolo yoonina. Bambi basuke bayobe bubuthongo. Abanye badlala ngeenwele, iindlebe, okanye iintsimbi zomqala zoonina. Kanti abanye bangenelela ngokwenza ingxolo ebonisa ukwaneliseka njengoko unina ecula kamnandi ehambisana nesingqi seenyawo zakhe.
Ewe, indlela yaseAfrika yokubeleka abantwana ngokuqhelekileyo yahluke gqitha kweyakuMntla Merika. Kodwa nganye yazo ilungele abantu baloo ndawo yaye iyayifeza injongo yayo.