Isijikelezi-langa Sethu Esicekethekileyo—Liyintoni Ikamva Laso?
KWIMINYAKA engama-200 eyadlulayo, igosa laseburhulumenteni eMerika uPatrick Henry lathi: “Inye indlela yokujonga ikamva kukujonga iziganeko zexesha elidluleyo.” Ngaphambili, umntu ebetshabalalisa imekobume. Ngaba uya kutshintsha kwikamva? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imiqondiso ayiniki themba.
Nangona kuye kwenziwa inkqubela ethile encomekayo, iye yaba ngunomgogwana nje, onikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu zesifo kunokuba uchaze oonobangela. Ukuba indlu inesibonda esibolileyo, ukupeyinta eso sibonda akunakuyithintela ukuba ingawohloki. Into enokuyihlangula kukulungiswa kwayo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokufanayo, kumele kulungiswe indlela umntu asisebenzisa ngayo esi sijikelezi-langa. Ukulungisa umonakalo ongephi akuyi kwanela.
Ihlolisisa imiphumo yokulungiswa kwemekobume kangangama-20 eminyaka kwelaseUnited States, enye ingcali iqukumbela ngelithi “ukuhlaselwa komhlaba akunakulungiswa ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa kufanele kuthintelwe.” Licacile elokuba, ukuthintela ukungcolisa kubhetele ngakumbi kunokunyanga imiphumo yako emibi. Kodwa ukuphumeza usukelo olunjalo kuya kufuna iinguqulelo ezisisiseko kwibutho labantu nakusukelo loshishino olukhulu. Incwadi ethi Caring for the Earth iyavuma ukuba ukunyamekela umhlaba kufuna “imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, uqoqosho nebutho elahluke ngakumbi kwelo likhoyo namhlanje.” Yiyiphi eminye yale milinganiselo yokuziphatha efuna ukuguqulwa ngenjongo yokuhlangula esi sijikelezi-langa?
Oonobangela Abanzulu Bale Ngxaki
Ukuzingca. Ukubeka iingenelo zesijikelezi-langa ngaphambi kwezo zokuxhaphaza abantu linyathelo lokuqala elifunekayo ekulondolozeni imekobume. Noko ke, bambalwa abafuna ukwahlukana nendlela yokuphila tofotofo, nakubeni isenokuba yonakalisa isijikelezi-langa sesizukulwana sexesha elizayo. Xa urhulumente waseNetherlands—elinye lawona mazwe angcolileyo aseNtshona Yurophu—wazama ukusikel’ umda ukuhamba kweenqwelo-mafutha njengenxalenye yephulo elichasene nongcoliso, ukungamkelwa kwalo ngokubanzi kwalonakalisa elo cebo. Nangona iindlela zamaDatshi zizezona zixineneyo ehlabathini, abaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha babengakulungelanga ukunikezela ngenkululeko yabo.
Ukuzicingela kukho kwabo benza izigqibo nakuwonkewonke. Abezobupolitika barhuq’ iinyawo ekuphumezeni imigaqo engokonakaliswa kwemekobume ekubeni oko kunokubenza bangavotelwa, yaye oosomashishini bakhaba nasiphi na isiphakamiso esinokusongela ingeniso nokukhula kwezoqoqosho.
Ukubawa. Xa kufikelelwa kumbandela wokukhetha phakathi kwengeniso nokulondoloza, ngokuqhelekileyo imali inkqenkqeza phambili. Amashishini anamandla aye aphembelela ukuba kuncitshiswe ukulawulwa kokungcolisa okanye kuphetshwe imigaqo karhulumente ngokupheleleyo. Umonakalo okucwecwe lweozone ungumzekelo wale ngxaki. Emva phaya ngoMatshi 1988, usihlalo wenkampani enkulu yemichiza yaseUnited States wathi: “Okwangoku, ubungqina bezenzululwazi abalathi kwimfuneko yokuncitshiswa ngokuphawulekayo kokukhutshwa kwe-CFC.”
Phofu ke, kwale nkampani inye, incomele ukunqunyanyiswa kweechlorofluorocarbon (ii-CFC) ngokupheleleyo. Ngaba ikuguqule ukuma kwayo? UMostafa Tolba, umlawuli jikelele weUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), wachaza: “Kwakungenanto yakwenza nento yokuba imekobume yonakalisiwe okanye ayonakaliswanga. [Imbambano] yayikukuba ngubani owayeza kuhambela phambili [kwezoqoqosho] kunomnye.” Ngoku izazinzulu ezininzi ziyaqonda ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lweozone kuyenye yezona ntlekele zinzulu ezakha zenziwa ngumntu kwimekobume embalini.
Ukungazi. Oko sikwaziyo kodlulwa lee koko singakwaziyo. UPeter H. Raven, umalathisi weMissouri Botanical Garden uyachaza: “Asikabi nalwazi lungako ngezinto ezininzi eziphila kumahlathi akweleenjiko. Okumangalisayo kukuba, sazi ngakumbi—nangakumbi—ngomphezulu wenyanga.” Kukwanjalo nangomoya osingqongileyo. Ingakanani ikharbon diokside esinokuqhubeka siyikhuphela esibhakabhakeni singakhange siphazamise imozulu yomhlaba wonke? Akakho owaziyo. Kodwa njengoko iphephancwadi iTime latshoyo, “kukungakhathali ukuchanaba indalo kulingelo olukhulu ngolo hlobo xa imiphumo ingaziwa yaye kuhlathuzelis’ amanwele ukucinga ngemiphumo enokubakho.”
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-UNEP, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ilahleko eyenzeka kwiozone ekugqibeleni iya kubangela kubekho abantu abatsha abangamakhulu amawaka abaya kuba nomhlaza wesikhumba minyaka le ekupheleni kweli shumi leminyaka. Umphumo kwizityalo nakwiindawo zokuloba awukaziwa, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba ube mkhulu.
Iimbono zokwexeshana. Ngokungafani nezinye iintlekele, iingxaki zemekobume zingena kuthi ngendlela engaqondakaliyo. Oku kuthintela imizamo yokwenza isigqibo sokusebenza ngamxhelomnye ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe umonakalo oya kuhlala uhleli. Incwadi ethi Saving the Planet ithelekisa imeko yethu yangoku naleyo yabantu abafa bekhwele inqanawa enguTitanic eyantlitheka ngowe-1912: “Bambalwa abaziyo ukuba iza kuba nkulu kangakanani intlekele.” Ababhali bakholelwa ekubeni esi sijikelezi-langa sinokuhlangulwa kuphela ukuba abezobupolitika noosomashishini izinto bazijonga ngohlobo ezilulo baze bacinge ngezinto ezinokuhlala ixesha elide kunokuba bacinge ngeengenelo zokwexeshana.
Isimo sengqondo sokuzicingela. KwiNgqungquthela Yehlabathi yowe-1992, inkulumbuso yaseSpeyin uFelipe González walikhupha latsola elokuba “le ngxaki isemhlabeni wonke, yaye kwanesicombululo simele sivele emhlabeni wonke.” Oku kuyinyaniso, kodwa ukufumana izicombululo ezamkeleke emhlabeni wonke kungumsebenzi otyhafisayo. Ummeli welaseUnited States kule Ngqungquthela Yehlabathi walikhupha latsola esithi: “Indlela yokuphila yaseMerika akukho nto inokwenziwa ngayo.” Kwelinye icala, isazi ngemekobume saseIndiya uManeka Gandhi, sakhalaza sathi “umntwana omnye eNtshona utya ukutya okunokutyiwa ngabali-125 eMpuma.” Sathi “phantse konke ukonakala kwemekobume eMpuma kubangelwe zizinto ezisetyenziswa eNtshona.” Amaxesha amaninzi, imizamo yezizwe ngezizwe yokuphucula imekobume iye yasilela ngenxa yokuzicingela kwezizwe.
Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngxaki zisisiseko, kukho izizathu zokukhangela kwikamva ngenkalipho. Esinye sazo kukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo yokuzilungisa yesijikelezi-langa sethu.
Ukunyangwa Komhlaba
Njengomzimba womntu, umhlaba unobuchule obumangalisayo bokuzinyanga. Umzekelo okhethekileyo woku wabakho kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Ngowe-1883 kwisiqithi sentaba-mlilo saseIndonesia iKrakatau (Krakatoa) kwabakho ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu olwaviwa kumgama ophantse ube ziikhilomitha ezingama-5000. Phantse iikyubhiki zeekhilomitha ezingama-21 zemichiza zanyuka zaya esibhakabhakeni, yaye isibini kwisithathu sesi siqithi sagqunyelelwa lulwandle. Kwiinyanga ezisithoba kamva ekuphela kwento eyayiphila yayisisigcawu esincinane. Namhlanje sonke esi siqithi sigqunywe zizityalo ezichumileyo zeleenjiko, ezikukutya kumakhulu eentaka eziziintlobo ngeentlobo, kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwiinyoka nakwizinambuzane. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo oku kuchacha kubangelwe kukukhuselwa kwesi siqithi njengenxalenye yeUjung Kulon National Park.
Kwakhona umonakalo owenziwe ngumntu awunakugqitywa. Ukuba unokunikwa ixesha, umhlaba unokuzikhoth’ amanxeba. Umbuzo ngulo, Ngaba umntu uya kuwunika ikhefu olifunayo umhlaba? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kodwa kukho uBani ozimisele ukusiyeka isijikelezi-langa sethu sizikhoth’ amanxeba—Lowo wasidalayo.
“Mawuvuye Umhlaba”
UThixo wayengenanjongo yokuba umntu onakalise umhlaba. Waxelela uAdam ukuba “awusebenze, awugcine” umyezo wase-Eden. (Genesis 2:15) Ukuxhalabela kukaYehova ukukhusela imekobume kwabonakaliswa kwimithetho emininzi awayinika amaSirayeli. Ngokomzekelo, axelelwa ukuba awuyeke umhlaba ulale kanye emva kweminyaka esixhenxe—umnyaka weSabatha. (Eksodus 23:10, 11) Xa amaSirayeli ngokufuthi athi akutyeshela oku neminye imiyalelo kaThixo, ekugqibeleni uYehova wavumela amaBhabhiloni ukuba awuthimbe loo mhlaba, owathi kamva wahlala ungumqwebedu iminyaka engama-70 ‘de ilizwe lanela ziisabatha zalo.’ (2 Kronike 36:21) Ngenxa yesi siganeko singokwembali sexesha elidluleyo, akumangalisi ukuba iBhayibhile ithi uThixo uya “konakalisa abo bawonakalisayo umhlaba” ukuze umhlaba ube nokuchacha ekuhlaselweni kwemekobume ngumntu.—ISityhilelo 11:18.
Phofu ke, eso senzo, siya kuba linyathelo lokuqala kuphela. Njengoko isazinzulu ngebhayoloji uBarry Commoner ngokuchanileyo salikhupha latsola elokuba, ukusinda kwesijikelezi-langa, “ngokufanayo kuxhomekeke ekuphelisweni kwemfazwe eliwa nendalo nasekuphelisweni kweemfazwe phakathi kwethu.” Ukuze bafikelele olo sukelo, abantu bomhlaba bafanele “bafundiswe nguYehova” ukukhathalelana nokunyamekela ikhaya labo elingumhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, uxolo lwabo luya kuba “lukhulu.”—Isaya 54:13.
UThixo uyasiqinisekisa ukuba kuya kubakho ukulungiswa kwendlela yokusebenza komhlaba. Kunokuba ziqhubeke zisanda ngokungenaluvelwano, iintlango ziya ‘kudubula njengomfiyo.’ (Isaya 35:1) Endaweni yokunqongophala kokutya, kuya kubakho “intabalala yengqolowa ezweni.” (INdumiso 72:16) Kunokuba kufiwe ngenxa yongcoliso, imilambo yomhlaba iya ‘kubetha izandla.’—INdumiso 98:8.
Ziya kubakho nini iinguqulelo ezinjalo? Xa ‘uYehova engukumkani.’ (INdumiso 96:10) Ulawulo lukaThixo luya kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ephilayo emhlabeni iyasikelelwa. Umdumisi uthi: “Maligcobe ihlabathi. Malugqume ulwandle, neento zonke ezikulo; mawadlamke amasimi, neento zonke ezikuwo. Ize imemelele yonke imithi yehlathi.”—INdumiso 96:11, 12, New International Version.
Umhlaba osikelelwe nguMdali wawo nolawulwa ngobulungisa unekamva elizukileyo. IBhayibhile ichaza imiphumo: “Kuya kwangana ubulungisa noxolo. Inyaniso iya kuntshula emhlabeni, ubulungisa buqondele busemazulwini. Kananjalo uYehova uya kusinika okulungileyo, ilizwe lethu lisinike indyebo yalo.” (INdumiso 85:10-12) Xa loo mini isondela, isijikelezi-langa sethu siyakuphuma engozini ngonaphakade.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 13]
Njengomzimba womntu, umhlaba unobuchule obumangalisayo bokuzinyanga