IiCredit Card Neetsheki—Ngaba Zezokwenene Okanye Zezomgunyathi?
HAYI indlela ekulula ngayo ukuzisebenzisa! Zincinane gqitha, kulula gqitha ukuziphatha. Zingena kakuhle gqitha kwisipaji samadoda okanye kwibhegi yamabhinqa ephathwayo. Ungenayo nesenti epokothweni yakho, uyakwazi ukuthenga izinto ezininzi gqitha. Ukusetyenziswa kwecredit card kukhuthazwa kuze kubhengezwe ngeenqwelo-moya, ziinkampani zeenqanawa zabakhenkethi, kwiihotele nakwiindawo zokuzihlaziya ehlabathini lonke. Abantu bayacetyiswa: “Ungahambi ekhaya ungayiphathanga.” Amanye amashishini akhetha ukwamkela zona kunemali. Ngokungafaniyo nemali, ukuba zibiwe okanye zilahlekile, zinokuthatyathelw’ indawo zezinye. Yimali yakho, enegama lakho nenombolo yeakhawunti eyahlukileyo ebhalwe ngaphambili.
Niyazi ngokuba yimali yeplastiki—ziicredit neecharge card. Ngowe-1985 ezinye iibhanki zavelisa elazo ikhadi elinemibala emithathu eguquguqukayo, nelinezinye iimpawu zonqabiseko, njengemibhalo ekhethekileyo ekwimisonto elapha ngasemva enokubanjwa yimagnethi kunye nokukhanya okubonakala ngokukhanya kwemitha eyiultraviolet kuphela. Konke oku kusenzelwa ukuthibaza ukukhohlisa! Kuqikelelwa ukuba zingaphezu kwama-600 ezigidi iicredit card ezisetyenziswa ehlabathini jikelele.
Kucingwa ukuba ilahleko eye yakho ehlabathini lonke ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhohlisa ngeecredit card ekuqaleni kweyee-1990 ubuncinane iye yafikelela kwiirandi ezingama-3600 ezigidi. Kwezo ndlela zahlukeneyo, ngokwengxelo ukukhohlisa kuthiwa kwanda okomlilo wedobo—ubuncinane li-10 ekhulwini layo yonke le lahleko.
Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1993, ukukhohlisa kwadla iibhanki ezingamalungu enye yeenkampani zeecredit-card iirandi ezingama-485,7 ezigidi, ulwando lwama-75-ekhulwini kunonyaka owandulela lowo. Enye inkampani ephambili yeecredit-card, eyaziwa ehlabathini lonke, nayo yanikela iingxelo ezothusayo ngelahleko ebangelwa kukukhohlisa. Elinye iphephandaba laseNew Zealand labhala: “Oko akwenzi ukukhohlisa ngekhadi kube yingxaki yeebhanki, yeenkampani ezenza amakhadi nabarhwebi abazamkelayo ukuba kuhlawulwe ngazo kuphela kodwa iyingxaki kwanakubathengi ehlabathini jikelele.” Ngoxa abo banamakhadi angokwasemthethweni bengabekeki tyala ngelahleko, kodwa ngokungaphephekiyo iindleko zitsalwa kubathengi.
Kuthekani ngeempawu zonqabiseko ezifakwe kula makhadi ezithintela abakhohlisi—njengemibala eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngomatshini nemisonto ekhethekileyo enokubanjwa yimagnethi? Emva konyaka nje ezi mpawu zivelisiwe, kwaqalisa ukuvela kwemali yokuqala yenkohliso engenziwanga ngobuchule. Kungekudala emva koko, zonke iimpawu zonqabiseko zakotshwa okanye kwenziwa ezenkohliso. Igosa lenye ibhanki yaseHong Kong lathi: “Ufanele usoloko uziphucula. Oonqal’ intloko basoloko bezama ukuba krelekrele kunawe.”
Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, ngokutsho kweengcali, isiqingatha selahleko ebangelwa kukukhohlisa ngamakhadi eyabakho ebutsheni beyee-1990 yayiseAsia, ibe phantse isiqingatha sawo umkhondo wawo wawusalatha eHong Kong. Enye ingcali yathi: “IHong Kong idume ngokukhohlisa ngee-credit card ngoxa iParis idume ngokuyila iimpahla zodumo.” Bambi baye batyhola iHong Kong ngokuba likomkhulu lehlabathi lokukhohlisa ngamakhadi—“iziko ‘lonxantathu wemali yeplastiki’ lokuqhatha ngee-credit card elikwabandakanya iThailand, iMalaysia ibe sithetha nje nomzantsi weTshayina.” Iphephandaba laseNew Zealand lanikela le ngxelo: “Amapolisa aseHong Kong athi amaqela asekuhlaleni anxulunyaniswa namaqela ezaphuli-mthetho zaseTshayina ezifihlakeleyo ezishicilela, zibhale zize ziguqule amakhadi omgunyathi zisebenzisa iinombolo ezizinikwa ngabathengisi abanganyanisekanga. Zandule emva koko ziwathumele lula la makhadi enkohliso kumazwe aphesheya kolwandle.”
“Umatshini wokubhala iicredit card, owathengwa [eKhanada] ngamalungu eqela loonqal’ intloko baseAsia, kungoku nje usetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-credit card zomgunyathi. Lo matshini ushicilela ii-credit card ezingama-250 ngeyure, ibe amapolisa akholelwa ekubeni uye wasetyenziswa ekuqhatheni okwaxabisa i-multi-million-dollar,” latsho njalo iphephandaba laseKhanada iGlobe & Mail. Kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, amaTshayina aseHong Kong aye abanjelwa ukusebenzisa iicredit card zomgunyathi ubuncinane kumazwe angama-22 ukusuka eOstriya ukuya eOstreliya, kuquka iGuam, iMalaysia, neSwitzerland. Iicredit card zaseJapan zivuzelwa izinkcwe, ekubeni zibanika amathuba angakumbi okufumana izinto ngetyala abo bazisebenzisayo.
Ukunyuka kokuqhatha ngeecredit card nokukhohlisa kuthetha ukuba “abo bazenzayo banyanzeleka ukuba iindleko ezandayo ezibangelwa kukukhohlisa bazitsale kwabanye,” latsho elinye igosa lebhanki laseKhanada. Ibe kunjalo ngenene. Eneneni icredit card kusenokuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa yaye imkhupha engxakini oyisebenzisayo xa engenamali yaneleyo esandleni. Noko ke, khumbula ukuba, konke okufunwa ngabakhohlisi yinombolo yeakhawunti yakho nomhla eliphelelwa ngawo ikhadi lakho ibe bayaphumelela. Intloko yezokhuseleko yeAmerican Express International yalumkisa ngelithi: “Yimali yeplastiki, kodwa abantu bafanele bayiphathe ngobulumko ngendlela abayiphatha ngayo imali yokwenene.”
“Le nkqubo inobuthathaka,” yatsho enye intsumpa yabakwantsasana. “Ibe aba nqal’ intloko baye bakubhaqa oko. Yaye mhlobo wam, baye babusebenzisa ngenkohlakalo,” yatsho njalo ngabakhohlisi.
Ukukhohlisa Ngetsheki
Ngokufika kweekhompyutha ezinokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lwemali ngaphandle kwamagingxigingxi, akusekho ndlela yokuthintela nakuphi na okwenzekayo. Sithetha nje abakhohlisi banokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaxwebhu omgunyathi: iincwadana zokundwendwela, izatifiketi zokuzalwa, amaqweqwe okufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, iziqinisekiso zokuba nesabelo kwishishini elithile, amaphepha-mvume okuthenga, umyalelo wokusebenzisa imichiza ethile nothotho lwezinye izinto. Kodwa eyona ngeniso inkulu inokufumaneka ngokwenziwa kweetsheki zomgunyathi.
Obu buchule bulula ngeyona ndlela. Yakuba itsheki yenkampani ethile enkulu yezigidi zeerandi ifakwe kwiibhanki zasekuhlaleni okanye ezikwezinye iindawo ize iwele ezandleni zomkhohlisi, uye azenzele eyakhe. Ngekhompyutha yakhe yokushicilela, ngomatshini wokukhuphela izinto ezibhaliweyo, nezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifumaneka lula, unokuyiguqula loo tsheki ukuze aphumeze injongo yakhe—atshintshe umhla, acime igama lalowo ifanele ihlawulwe kuye, ongeze oonothi kwezo randi. Andule ashicilele le tsheki iguquliweyo kowakhe umatshini wokushicilela, esebenzisa iphepha alithenge kwivenkile ekufuphi ethengisa iincwadi elinombala ofana twatse nowale tsheki. Ashicilele intaphane yemigunyathi ngexesha, leyo anokuyitshintsha nakweliphi isebe leebhanki nakwesiphi na isixeko.
Ukwanda kokukhohlisa ngetsheki ngezi ndlela zilula nezixabisa kancinane kuxhaphake gqitha, amagosa eebhanki nawomthetho athi, iindleko zako kwezoqoqosho zinokufikelela kwiirandi ezingama-3600 ezigidi. IThe New York Times yanikela ingxelo yokuba, kwimeko ethile eyoyikekayo, iqela leenjubaqa laseLos Angeles latyhutyha ilizwe lonke litshintsha amawaka eetsheki zomgunyathi ezibhankini, ezixabisa iidola ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbini (iirandi ezizizigidi ezisixhenxe). Abenza uhlolisiso ngamashishini baqikelela ukuba xa zizonke iindleko zonyaka ezibangelwa kukukhohlisa ngeetsheki kungoku nje ziidola ezingamawaka alishumi ezigidi (iirandi ezingama-36 000 ezigidi) eUnited States kuphela. Igosa le-FBI lathi: “Ingxaki ephambili yamaziko emali, zizixhobo zokukhohlisa ezidluliselwa ebantwini abahlukeneyo, njengokuqhatha ngetsheki nokuqhatha ngepostal oda.”
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 27]
Eyona nzala ininzi ifumaneka ngokwenziwa kweetsheki zomngunyathi