Ngaba Linokubakho Ihlabathi Elingenazithuthi?
NGABA unombono wehlabathi elingenazo iinqwelo-mafutha? Okanye ngaba unokuyichaza into ekhe yaveliswa yayitshintsha kwathi tu indlela yokuphila neyokuziphatha kwabantu kwinkulungwane edluleyo ngendlela eziye zenza ngayo? Ngaphandle kwezithuthi, bezingenakubakho iindawo zokulala zabahambi, iivenkile zokutyela oncedwa kuzo ukwinqwelo-mafutha neendawo zokubukela imifanekiso eshukumayo ukwinqwelo-mafutha. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuba bebengekho ooduladula, iiteksi, iinqwelo-mafutha, okanye iilori, ubuya kuya njani emsebenzini? esikolweni? Amafama nabemizi-mveliso bebeya kuzithumela njani iimpahla zabo emarikeni?
“Ishishini elinye kwamathandathu eUnited States lixhomekeke ekwenziweni, ekusasazweni, ekulungisweni, okanye ekusebenziseni iinqwelo-mafutha,” itsho iThe New Encyclopædia Britannica, yaye ihlabela mgama: “Intengiso neerisithi zemizi-mveliso yezithuthi yeli lizwe ingaphezu kwesinye kwisihlanu kwishishini elithengisela oosomashishini ibe ingaphezu kwekota kurhwebo lwalo oluncinane. Kwamanye amazwe la manani akaphakamanga, kodwa iJapan namazwe entshona Yurophu asondela ngokusondela kumlinganiselo waseUnited States.”
Sekunjalo, abanye abantu bathi ihlabathi elingenazinqwelo-mafutha beliya kuba yindawo ebhetele. Ngokusisiseko bathi oku kungenxa yezizathu ezimbini.
Ukuxinana Kwezithuthi Okusehlabathini Lonke
Ukuba wakha wehla unyuka ixesha elide ukhangela indawo yokumisa, uyazi kakuhle into yokuba kwanokuba iinqwelo-mafutha ziyingenelo, xa zininzi kwindawo ephithizelayo aziyongenelo. Okanye ukuba wakha wavaleleka phakathi kwezithuthi ezininzi endleleni, uyayazi indlela ekudimaza ngayo ukuvaleleka kwinqwelo-mafutha eyilelwe ukuba ihambe kodwa eye yanyanzeleka ukuba ime ngxi.
Ngowe-1950, yiUnited States kuphela eyayinomntu omnye kwabane owayenenqwelo-mafutha. Ngowe-1974, iBelgium, iFransi, iGreat Britain, i-Itali, iJamani, iNetherlands, neSweden zawufikelela loo mlinganiselo. Kodwa ngelo xesha inani laseUnited States lalinyukile laphantse lafikelela ekubeni umntu omnye kwababini abe nenqwelo-mafutha. Sithetha nje eJamani naseLuxembourg ummi omnye kwababini unenqwelo-mafutha. IBelgium, iFransi, iGreat Britain, i-Itali neNetherlands azisalanga ngasemva.
Izixeko ezikhulu ezininzi—kungakhathaliseki ukuba zindawoni na ehlabathini—zinyakazela iinqwelo-mafutha. Ngokomzekelo, xa elaseIndiya lalifumana inkululeko ngowe-1947, ikomkhulu lalo, iNew Delhi, lalineenqwelo-mafutha neelori ezili-11 000. Ngowe-1993 elo nani laba ngaphezu kwezi-2200 000! Zande gqitha—kodwa “elo nani kulindeleke ukuba liphindaphindeke ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane,” ngokutsho kwephephancwadi iTime.
Nangona, eMpuma Yurophu, apho isengumntu omnye kwabane kuphela onenqwelo-mafutha xa kuthelekiswa neNtshona Yurophu, kusekho malunga nezigidi ezingama-400 zabo baseza kuzithenga. Kwiminyaka embalwa, imeko yelaseTshayina, elidume ngeebhayisikile zalo ezizizigidi ezingama-400, iya kube itshintshile. Njengoko kuye kwanikelwa ingxelo ngowe-1994, “urhulumente wandisa amalungiselelo okwandisa imveliso yezithuthi,” ukususela kwiinqwelo-mafutha ezizizigidi ezisisi-1,3 ngonyaka ukuya kwezizizigidi ezi-3 ekupheleni kwenkulungwane.
Isisongelo Songcoliso
“IBritani ayinawo umoya ococekileyo,” yatsho iThe Daily Telegraph kaOktobha 28, 1994. Mhlawumbi oku kubaxiwe kodwa sekunjalo kufanele kubangele inkxalabo. UNjingalwazi Stuart Penkett, weUniversity of East Anglia, walumkisa: “Iinqwelo-mafutha ziwutshintsha ngeyona ndlela umoya ojikeleze umhlaba wethu.”
Ukungcola okuninzi kwekharbon monokside, incwadi ethi 5000 Days to Save the Planet ithi, “kugqiba ioksijini, konakalise amandla okuqiqa nawokucinga, kwenze amalungu omzimba angasabeli ngokukhawuleza yaye kubangela ukozela.” Yaye iWorld Health Organization ithi: “Malunga nesiqingatha sabo bonke abahlali basezixekweni eYurophu nakuMntla Merika bachanabeke kwikharbon monokside eninzi engamkelekanga.”
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiindawo ezithile umsi okhutshwa zizithuthi ubulala abantu abaninzi ngonyaka—ukongezelela kumonakalo ongamawaka ezigidi zeerandi owubangelayo kwimekobume. NgoJulayi 1995 iingxelo zeendaba zikamabonwakude zathi bamalunga ne-11 000 abantu baseBritani ababulawa ngumoya ongcolileyo obangelwa ziinqwelo-mafutha minyaka le.
Ngowe-1995 kwaqhutywa iUnited Nations Climate Conference eBerlin. Abameli abasuka kumazwe ali-116 bavumelana ekubeni kufanele kwenziwe into ethile. Kodwa abaninzi baphoxeka, ukuzibekela usukelo oluthile nokumisela imigaqo eqinisekileyo okanye ukuchaza iinkqubo ezithile konke oko kwakubekelwa amangomso.
Ngokuvisisana noko kwathethwa yincwadi ethi 5000 Days to Save the Planet emva phayaa ngowe-1990, oku kungabikho kwenkqubela mhlawumbi kwakufanele kulindelwe. Yathi: “Imeko yegunya lezobupolitika neyezoqoqosho kushishino lwanamhlanje, idiza ukuba amanyathelo okuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwemekobume amkelwa kuphela xa engaphazamisani nezoqoqosho.”
Ngaloo ndlela, kutshanje iTime iye yalumkisa ngelithi “ukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide neegesi ze-greenhouse kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba kungenzeka ukuba kufudumalise umhlaba wonke ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu ezininzi, kusenokuphumela kwiimbalela, ukunyibilika komkhenkce ogubungele iindawo eziphakamileyo, ukunyuka kwemilinganiselo yolwandle, izikhukula kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, iziphango ezikhulu gqitha nezinye iintlekele ezibangelwa yimozulu.”
Ubunzulu bengxaki yongcoliso bufuna ukuba kwenziwe okuthile. Kodwa yintoni le imele yenziwe?