Izilwanyana Zasendle Eziphelayo Emhlabeni
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EOSTRELIYA
NGABA akonwatyiswa kukuzibonela ngokwakho izilwanyana zasendle eziphilayo—ingwe, umnenga, okanye igorila? Ngaba akuvuyiswa kukunyamekela isilwanyana esifana nebhere ekuthiwa yikoala? Ngaba akonwatyiswa kukuva ulwandile lokushukuma komhlaba njengoko imihlambi efudukayo ibeth’ inqina ukuya kusithela enkalweni? Noko ke, okulusizi kukuba, abantu abaninzi abanakukwazi ukuzibonela oko—de babe oko bakubona emyuziyam, encwadini, okanye kwikhompyutha. Kutheni kunjalo nje?
Kungenxa yokuba ufunda eli nqaku nje, amawaka ezityalo nezilwanyana anqunqelw’ egoqweni ngokungenalusini. UGqr. Edward O. Wilson, isazi ngebhayoloji saseHarvard University, uqikelela ukuba iindidi zazo ezingama-27 000 nyaka ngamnye, okanye ezintathu ngeyure, ziyaphela. Ngokomkhamo eziphela ngawo, ama-20 ekhulwini ezilwanyana nezityalo zomhlaba anokuphela kwiminyaka engama-30. Kodwa umkhamo eziphela ngawo awumanga ndawonye; uthabath’ unyawo. Kulindelwe ukuba ebutsheni benkulungwane elandelayo, amakhulu ezityalo nezilwanyana aya kuthi shwaka suku ngalunye!
Esinye esisecicini lokuthi shwaka ngumkhombe omnyama waseAfrika. Ukubulawa kwawo ngokungekho mthethweni kunciphise inani lawo lisuka kuma-65 000 laya kutsho kuma-2500 kwiminyaka nje engaphantsi kwengama-20. Iinkawu ekuthiwa ziiorangutan ezingaphantsi kwama-5000 zisekho kumahlathi avuthulukayo aseBorneo naseSumatra. Esi sishiqi siye sehlela nezidalwa eziphila emanzini. Elinye ixhoba lihlengesi elithandekayo ekuthiwa yibaiji elikuMlambo iYangtze yaseTshayina. Ngenxa yongcoliso nokuloba nje yonk’ into kuye kwasala nje ikhulu elinye, ibe kusenokwenzeka ukuba kube sekungekho nelinye kwisithuba seshumi leminyaka.
ULinda Koebner uthi kwiZoo Book: “Zininzi izinto ezingqubana kuzo izazinzulu ezisuka kumacandelo awahlukeneyo, kodwa xa kufikelelwa kungxamiseko lokusindiswa kwezidalwa nempilontle engokwebhayoloji yesijikelezi-langa, zivumelana ngamxhelo mnye: Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo izinto ziza kutshintsha.”
Lityala Likabani?
Inani elandayo labemi liye lawukhawulezisa umkhamo wokuphela kwezidalwa, kodwa akunakubekwa lonke ityala ekuxinaneni kwabemi. Izidalwa ezininzi—ihobe elifudukayo, intaka efana nexhalanga ekuthiwa yimoa, igreat auk nethylacine, xa sikhankanya nje ezimbalwa—zatshayelwa kude kudala ngaphambi kokuba inani labemi libe sisisongelo kuzo. UGqr. J. D. Kelly, umalathisi weZoological Parks Board yaseNew South Wales, eOstreliya, wathi ngengxelo yelo lizwe: “Ukuphela kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ukususela ekumiweni kwalo ngowe-1788 kuyalihlazisa eli lizwe.” Ngokungathandabuzekiyo oku kuyenzeka kumazwe amaninzi. Kwakhona isithela thsuphe ngezinye izinto ezingalunganga ngakumbi ezibangela oku kuphela—ukungazi nto nokubawa.
Ngenxa yale ngxaki yokuphela kwezi zidalwa ehlabathini lonke, kuye kwaqaliswa enye indlela entsha ukuze kukhuselwe ezi zilwanyana zibulawayo—imizi yogcino-zilwanyana. Ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ezi ndawo ziphakathi ezixekweni sele ikuphela kweendawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuhlala izilwanyana ezininzi. Kodwa imizi yogcino-zilwanyana ayinayo indawo eyaneleyo, yaye kuyabiza ibe kunzima ukunyamekela izilwanyana zasendle. Kwakhona enye inkalo efanele iqwalaselwe kukufaneleka kokuvalelwa kwazo, nangona oku kusenziwa ngendlela esemagqabini. Ngaphezu koko, kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekubeni ingakanani imali namandla abanawo abantu, ngokufuthi kwiinkqubo ezigungqayo zobupolitika nezoqoqosho. Ngoko zikhuseleke kangakanani ngokwenene ezi mbacu zisuka ehlathini?
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 3]
Ngaba Ukuphela Kwezilwanyana Kuyinto Yokwemvelo?
“Ngaba ukuphela kwezilwanyana akuyonxalenye yezinto ezenzeka ngokwemvelo? Impendulo nguhayi, noko ayikho ngokwemvelo tu indlela ebekuqhubeka ngayo oku kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukutyhubela eyona minyaka mininzi kwiminyaka engama-300 eyadlulayo umkhamo wokuphela kwezilwanyana wawumalunga nesilwanyana esinye ngonyaka. Kutshanje umkhamo wokuphela kwezilwanyana obangelwe ngabantu ubuncinane uwuphindaphinda izihlandlo eziliwaka lowo. . . . Into ebangela ukuba izilwanyana zikhawuleze kangaka ukuphela koko kwenziwa ngumntu.”—The New York Public Library Desk Reference.
“Bendizithanda gqitha izidalwa ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga eziye zaphela, ibe kundenza buhlungu, eyona nto ingamandla kuyandicaphukisa ukuphela kwazo. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi, oku kuphela kwezilwanyana bekusoloko kubangelwa nguMntu, ngenxa yokubawa okanye inkohlakalo, nokungakhathali enoba ukwenza ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngendlela engacacanga.”—NguDavid Day, kwiThe Doomsday Book of Animals.
“Oko kwenziwa ngumntu kuphelisa izilwanyana ngaphambi kokuba kubhalwe ngazo.”—Biological Conservation.