Axhaphaza Abalupheleyo

UNGAKHOHLISWA. Amaqothaqikili sele equle alugangatha. Ayawazi amasuka-ndihlala abangela ukuba abantu abakhulileyo babe ngamaxhoba aqhatheka ngokukhethekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala bamalunga ne-12 ekhulwini kuphela labemi balapho. Sekunjalo, xa idityaniswe yonke imali abayifumanayo ingaphezu kwee-$800 zamawaka ezigidi (ii-R3,55 zamawaka ezigidi), mali leyo elingana phantse nama-70 ekhulwini abo bonke ubutyebi beentsapho zaseUnited States. Akumangalisi ukuba, ama-30 ekhulwini abo bonke abaqhathwayo ngaba sele bekhulile.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba abalupheleyo bavele kangaka? Iphephancwadi iConsumers’ Research lithi: “Ngokwemvelo bathemba kwanto nje ephambi kwabo ibe basenokungabi nalwazi kakuhle ngeendlela zotyalo-mali zakutshanje.” Elinye ipolisa lathi ubuqhetseba bokurhweba ngemfonomfono “buxhaphaza ngakumbi amalolo nabo bavelileyo—amaxhego namaxhegokazi—angawona maxhoba maninzi. Kaloku aba bantu bakhula ngeliya xesha izivumelwano zazisenziwa ngokuxhawulana ngezandla.” Ummeli weAmerican Association of Retired Persons wacatshulwa esithi: “Kudla ngokuthiwa ukubawa kufaka umntu enkathazweni. Abantu abadala, abafakwa kukubawa enkathazweni. Boyika ukufa sele bengoobhuxenge abangenayo nepeni emdaka. Abafuni ukuba ngumthwalo ebantwaneni babo. Bayoyika ukuchaza [ukuba baqhathiwe] kuba boyikela ukuba abantwana babo baya kucinga ukuba abakwazi ukuzinyamekela.”

Amaxhoba alupheleyo akasoloko edyojw’ intshongw’ emehlweni okanye elahlekiswa. Kwezinye iimeko angamalolo, mhlawumbi afuna “ukuthenga” ubuhlobo. Kwenye indawo bambi abahlolokazi abangamalolo baye bakhohliselwa ukuba bahlawule kusengaphambili ii-R88 000 ukwenzela “izifundo zokudanisa zobomi babo bonke,” yabhala yatsho enye intatheli yephephandaba. “Bambi babebuthathaka gqitha ukuba bangahamba. Asikuba babengalumkanga, babephelelwe nje lithemba.” Umbutho womdaniso uthumela abo basandul’ ukubhalisa kwindawo apho baza kuba kunye nabahlobo abasandul’ ukubafumana, nabasoloko bengamafumanana-nkundleni kunye nabo. Kunzima ukungavumelani nomthengisi othetha kamnandi, nonolwimi olugudileyo, nosenokuthi uza kubafundisa ngokwakhe umdaniso.

Khawuve Ngamaqothaqikili AseJapan

Amanye amaqothaqikili axhaphaza abantu abalupheleyo abangamalolo ngezinye iindlela. EJapan, amaqothaqikili angamawexu-wexu aye azenza ngathi anomdla ebantwini, ezinika ixesha lokuncokola namaxhoba awo alupheleyo, ewaphulaphula ngenyameko. Ngokuthe ngcembe aqalisa ukuquq’ ebuyelela kumakhaya abo, ibe emva kokuqiniseka ukuba athenjwa ngokupheleleyo lixhoba lawo, asebenzisa iindlela zokuthengisa zobuqhetseba. Umzekelo wokwenene wala macebo obuqhetseba kukuthengiswa kwegolide ngobuqhetseba ekwathi malunga nabantu abangama-30 000, kuquka abaninzi abasele besidla umhlala-phantsi, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba batyelwe iiyen ezingama-200 amawaka ezigidi (ii-R6650 zezigidi). Umxholo oyintloko wephephandaba laseJapan iAsahi Evening News wawusithi: “Akukho Themba Lokuba Loo Maxhoba Aya Kubuyelwa Zizinto Eziwalahlekeleyo.”

IAsahi Shimbun yaseTokyo yanikela le ngxelo ngalo mbandela: Ibhinqa eliliqina nelingumthengisi, latyelela inkonde, laza lathi: “Mnu. K., ndikukhathalele nangaphezu kwalo msebenzi ndiwenzayo, kuba uhlala wedwa.” Laphulaphula iimbali ezininzi zale nkonde, ibe yaqhathwa kukuba eli bhinqa lalinomtsalane. Xa lihamba, lacela imvume yokuphinda libuye ngosuku olulandelayo. “Nakanjani,” yaphendula ngelitshoyo le nkonde.

Lathi gqolo nokutyelela; babedla ngokunandipha kunye isidlo sangokuhlwa, ibe lalimphathela nokutya uMnu. K. Lamthembisa lisithi: “Ndiya kukunyamekela de uyokufa.” Linyuka nengalo lathi: “Ndiza kukujongela umhlaba wakho. Inkampani endiyisebenzelayo kutshanje iye yavelisa indlela enengeniso gqitha yokusebenzisa umhlaba.” Eli cebo lafuna ukuba le nkonde ibambise ngendlu nomhlaba wayo, ithenge amatye egolide, konke oko ikwenza nenkampani yeli bhinqa. Ngokwenene lo yayingumgibe. UMnu. K. waba phakathi kwabaninzi ababethwa ngemf’ iphindiwe. Emva kokugqitywa kolo thengiselwano, elo bhinqa laphel’ emehlweni.

UMnu. K. wathi: “Ndiselijoni, ndandilengalenga emlonyeni wengcwaba. Kodwa kunzima gqitha ukunyamezela ukudyojw’ intshong’ emehlweni ndithathelwe umhlaba wam ngumntu oxhaphaza thina bantu bakhulileyo ekubeni singamalolo angenabani. Kuyabonakala ukuba ihlabathi lifikelele kwixesha laxa abantu befuna imali, enoba bayifuna ngondlela-mnyama.”

Ukuqhatha Abalupheleyo EItali

Incwadi ethi L’Italia che truffa (I-Itali Enobuqhetseba) yanikela ingxelo ngamacebo angakumbi aye aveliswa ngamaqothaqikili eItali ukuze abhunyule abalupheleyo zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo. Ngowe-1993 kwasekwa urhulumente owalawulwa ngumphathi weBank of Italy. Kambe ke, utyobelo lwakhe, lwalusekho kwimali engamaphepha (ekubonakala ukuba lwalusasebenza) eyakhutshwa ebudeni bokuba ngumphathi kwakhe. Emva kokungena emizini yabantu abalupheleyo, iqela lamaqothaqikili, elazichaza njengamagosa eBank of Italy nawayephethe amaqweqwe ezazisi obuqhetseba awayezazisa ngawo, lathi kuye ngamnye wala maxhoba: “Uyazi ukuba umphathi weBank of Italy ngoku ungumongameli weSigqeba sabaPhathiswa; ngoko, utyobelo lwakhe olukwimali engamaphepha alusasebenzi. Sinikwe umsebenzi wokuba siqokelele yonke imali engamaphepha endala kwintsapho nganye, size sikhuphe imali entsha enotyobelo lwalowo ungene ezihlangwini zakhe . . . Nantsi ke irisithi. Ngoms’ omnye uze uphathe olu xwebhu uye ebhankini, uya kufumana isixa-mali esilingana nesi usinike sona ngoku.” Esebenzisa eli cebo, amaqothaqikili aqokelela ii-lire ezili-15 lezigidi (malunga nee-R40 000) ngosuku nje olunye!

Wambi amaqothaqikili eItali athetha nabantu abangalumkanga, kuquka abalupheleyo, ezitratweni. Acela abo bangaphaphanga ukuba baphendule imibuzo ethile kuhlolisiso alwenzayo aze abanike amaphepha ukuba bawatyobele, esithi utyobelo lwabo lolokuqinisekisa ukuba baye baba nenxaxheba kolo hlolisiso. Enyanisweni, batyobela isivumelwano esibanyanzelela ukuba benze okanye bathenge okuthile.

Ngaxa lithile kamva, ixhoba lifumana ngeposi umthwalo onezinto ezithile, mhlawumbi onesilumkiso esicacileyo kwiphepha osongelwe ngalo sokuba ukuba unokuzibuyisela ezi zinto, uya kufumana isohlwayo. Bambi, ingakumbi abalupheleyo, bayoyika becinga ukuba kubhetele ukuhlawula imali ekhangeleka incinane baze bagcine ezi zinto zexabiso elincinane kunokuba kufuneke bame ezinkundleni.

Kuxhaphake kangakanani ukuqhatha eItali? Ngokutsho kweL’Italia che truffa, umlinganiselo wokuqhatha oye waxelwa ufikelela kuma-500 000 ngonyaka. Ubuncinane ukuqhatha okuninzi ngokuphindwe kathathu akuxelwa. Enye intatheli kamabonwakude yathi: “Nyaka ngamnye kukho imigibe eyahlukeneyo emalunga nezigidi ezibini, okanye ekwisithuba samawaka amahlanu ukuya kwamathandathu ngosuku.”

Injalo ke le nto. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umdala kangakanani na (okanye ungowaluphi na uhlanga, okanye esiphi isizwe) akuyekwa ngabo bazimisele ukubhunyula abantu imali yabo—ingakumbi imali eluncedo ubomi bonke. Lumka! Kunokukwehlela nawe.

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 22]

Indlela Yokuthintela Ukuqhathwa

ASIYIYO yonke imibutho erhweba ngemfonomfono enganyanisekanga. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho kweAmerican Association of Retired Persons (AARP), eUnited States, amaqumrhu ali-140 000 aye abandakanyeka kurhwebo ngemfonomfono ngowe-1994. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ali-10 ekhulwini, okanye ali-14 000 ngawobuqhetseba. Noko ke, kufuneka ulumke xa uthenjiswa ngento ekhangeleka iyintsom’ emini. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda uthintele ukuqhathwa ngabo barhweba ngemfonomfono.

◆ Ukuba uthile ukutsalela umnxeba ekuxelela ukuba uzuze ibhaso simahla, obona bulumko kukuwubeka phantsi umnxeba.

◆ Ukuba lowo urhweba ngemfonomfono ukunyanzelela ukuba thenga namhlanje okanye uya kushiywa lixesha, ngokuphandle nje loo nto ibonisa ukuba kubandakanyeke ubuqhetseba.

◆ Gcina inombolo yekhadi lakho lokuthenga ngetyala. Musa ukuyinika abantu ongabaziyo abatsala umnxeba ukuze bangqibe imali.

◆ Musa ukuthenga nantoni na emnxebeni ngaphandle kokuba nguwe otsale umnxeba ibe uthengiselana nomzi-mveliso othengisa ngokuthumela ngeposi nodume kakuhle.

Abaninimzi kufuneka bawalumkele amaqothaqikili alungisa izindlu. Nazi izilumkiso ezimbalwa, njengoko zichazwa yiAARP Consumer Affairs:

◆ Musa ukuqesha umntu ongamaziyo de ube ufumene yonke inkcazelo engaye kubantu abamaziyo; cela amagama neenombolo zemfonomfono zabanye abantu awakha wabasebenzela.

◆ Musa ukutyobela nantoni na ngaphandle kokuba uyifunde kakuhle, yaye qiniseka ukuba uyiqonda kakuhle yaye uyavumelana nayo yonke imigaqo ekulo naluphi na uxwebhu okanye isivumelwano.

◆ Ungaze uthembe ukuchazelwa ngomnye umntu ngesivumelwano ngaphandle kokuba ngumntu omaziyo nomthembayo. Zifundele iindawo ezibhalwe ngendlela entsonkothileyo okanye ezingabonakali kakuhle.

◆ Ungaze uhlawule kungekaqalwa ukulungiswa. Qiniseka ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe wagqitywa kanye ngendlela ofuna ngayo ngaphambi kokuba uyihlawule yonke imali.

Lumka. Vul’ ingqondo. Musa ukonqena ukuthi hayi xa ungenamdla wakuthenga. Ibe khumbula: Ukuba into ivakala iyintsom’ emini, bubuqhetseba obo.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 21]

Amaqothaqikili anokuzenza ngathi anenkathalo, ebabetha ngemf’ iphindiwe abalupheleyo