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  • Isizathu Sokuba Umculo Usichaphazele

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  • Isizathu Sokuba Umculo Usichaphazele
  • Vukani!—1999
  • Imixholwana
  • Amanqaku Afanayo
  • Iinkalo Zomculo
  • Imvisiswano, Ukungqubana, Nengoma
  • Umculo Nobuchopho
  • Umculo, Amazwi, Nawe
  • Ndinokuwugcina Njani Umculo Ukwindawo Efanelekileyo?
    Vukani!—1993
  • Wulumkeleni Umculo Ongakhiyo!
    IMboniselo Evakalisa UBukumkani BukaYehova—1993
  • Ndinokwenza Njani Ukuze Umculo Ungabi Yeyona Nto Ibalulekileyo Kum?
    Imibuzo Yabantu Abaselula—Iimpendulo Eziluncedo, Umqulu 2
  • Ngaba Uza Kuwukhetha Ngobulumko?
    Vukani!—2011
Khangela Okunye
Vukani!—1999
g99 10/8 iphe. 5-8

Isizathu Sokuba Umculo Usichaphazele

NGABANTU kuphela abakwaziyo ukucula nokuthetha. Kunzima ukucinga ngehlabathi elingenazo ezi zinto. Incwadi iThe Musical Mind ithi: “Ukuthetha nokucula ziimpawu ezisebantwini ekubonakala ukuba zisehlabathini lonke.” Sinxibelelana ngazo. Ngoko kanye njengokuba kusitshiwo ngolwimi, kunokutshiwo ukuba, xa umculo “uthetha” iimvakalelo zethu “ziphulaphule.”

Kutheni yaye kwenzeka njani ukuba umculo uthethe neemvakalelo zethu? Ukuze siphendule loo mbuzo, kufuneka siqwalasele: (1) iinkalo zomculo nendlela eziyichaphazela ngayo ingqondo yethu; (2) indlela ezenziwe ngayo iimvakalelo zethu neemvelaphi zethu, ezichaphazela indlela esisabela ngayo emculweni; (3) ulwimi ekubeni lusenokuyichaphazela indlela esisabela ngayo.

Iinkalo Zomculo

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezakha umculo ngokufuthi kuthiwa “ziinkalo zomculo.” Ezi nkalo ziquka isandi okanye imvakalo-zwi yesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, isixhobo ekuthiwa yiFrench horn kuye kwathiwa “sikhulu,” okanye sinzima yaye isandi saso sahlukile kwesexilongo “elikhulu.” Nangona zombini zizezohlobo olufanayo, uhlobo oluvuthelwayo, ngasinye kuzo sivelisa izandi okanye iinowuthi ezahlukeneyo. Yiloo nto ebangela ukuba sixhobo ngasinye sibe “nemvakalo” eyahlukileyo. Abaqambi basebenzisa ezi zinto ukuze benze izandi ezithile ezivuselela iimvakalelo zalowo uphulaphuleyo.

Mhlawumbi enye yeenkalo zokuqala esiqhelana nazo sisingqi—mhlawumbi ke ngoxa sisesibelekweni, ngokuphulaphula ukubetha kweentliziyo zoomama bethu. Kuye kwathiwa indlela esisabela ngayo kwisingqi somculo ngandlel’ ithile inokuphenjelelwa yindlela iintliziyo zethu ezibetha ngayo okanye indlela esiphefumla ngayo. Ngenxa yoko ayizenzekelanga into yokuba kubonakale ngathi abantu abaninzi bathanda isingqi somculo esibetha kangangama-70 ukuya kwi-100 ngomzuzu—isingqi esifana nokubetha kwentliziyo yomntu okhulileyo osempilweni. Loo nto kuthethwa ngayo nakulindixesha iPerceptual and Motor Skills.

Iinowuthi ezahlukeneyo zomculo eziveliswa zezi zinto sinokuzibona xa siqwalasela udederhu lwezixhobo, nezandi neengoma eziphuma kuzo. Isandi esichukumisayo sesixhobo ekuthiwa yibassoon kwingoma kaMozart edlalwa ngesi sixhobo inokuchukumisa iimvakalelo ezinzulu. Ukutsho kalusizi kwefleyiti yaseJapan ekuthiwa yishakuhachi kunokuchukumisa intliziyo. Isandi esinamandla sexilongo elidlala itenala sibangela ukuba ingoma yeblues ihlale inkenteza ezingqondweni zabaninzi. Ukutsho kwetuba yeqela laseJamani kusoloko kubangela uchulumanco. Ukutsho kamnandi kwevayolin, idlala umculo womdaniso iwaltz kaStrauss, kubangela abaninzi abaphulaphuleyo bafune ukudanisa. Ngokutsho kukaClive E. Robbins, weNordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Center, eNew York, isizathu sokuba sisabele ngolo hlobo, kungenxa yokuba “umculo unento oyenzayo kubantu bonke.”

Imvisiswano, Ukungqubana, Nengoma

Imvisiswano ibangela isandi esimnandi, ngoxa ukungqubana kubangela nje isankxwe. Kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba ezi nkalo ziyaphelelisana kwiintlobo ezithile zomculo? Umculo osenokuvakala ngathi unemvisiswano kungenzeka ukuba unokungqubana ongasokuze ufane ukuqonde. Imvisiswano nokungqubana kubangela ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo, nangona ubukhulu becala kudla ngokungacaci. Oku kuchukunyiswa kweemvakalelo kutsho kamnandi, ngoxa umculo ongxolayo xa uwodwa unokuza entloko uze uvuselele iimvakalelo ezingafanelekanga—kanye njengokukrwela ngeenzipho isileyiti okanye ibhodi. Kwelinye icala, ukuba umculo uvisisana wonke, unokukruqula.

Uncuthu lwengoma sisandi esiyilwa ziinowuthi ezilandelelanayo. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, eli gama lisuka kwelesiGrike elithi meʹlos, elithetha “ingoma.” Ezinye izichazi-magama zithi, “uncuthu” ngumculo omnandi, naso nasiphi na isandi esimyoli.

Noko ke, asikokulandelelana nje kwezandi okubangela uncuthu lwengoma emyoli. Ngokomzekelo, umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kweenowuthi ezilandelelanayo unokuyibaxa ingoma kunokuba uyenze ibe mnandi. Kwelinye icala, iinowuthi ezilandelelanayo ezinomsantsa ongemkhulu zinokwenza uncuthu lwengoma emnandi. Iinowuthi ezahlukeneyo nomsantsa ophakathi kwazo ubangela ingoma ibe lusizi okanye ibe yeyovuyo. Njengokuba kunjalo ngomculo onemvisiswano, noncuthu lwengoma lunokuzitshintshatshintsha, luchaphazele iimvakalelo zethu ngenxa yokuhla nokunyuka kwesandi.

Xa zidityanisiwe zonke ezi nkalo, zikhupha into enamandla enokuvuselela okanye ithomalalise iimvakalelo zethu. Oku kungenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo ubuchopho bethu obuwamkela buze buwuhlalutye ngayo umculo.

Umculo Nobuchopho

Abanye bathi ulwimi nengqiqo zivela ngakwicala lasekhohlo lobuchopho, ngoxa umculo uphuma kwicala lasekunene lobuchopho, elijongene ubukhulu becala neemvakalelo. Enoba oku kunjalo okanye akunjalo, licacile elokuba umculo unento oyenzayo kwabo bawuphulaphuleyo. Ulindixesha iPerceptual and Motor Skills ukubeka ngolu hlobo oku: “Umculo unamandla okuvuselela iimvakalelo ngokukhawuleza nangendlela ephumelelayo. Into ebekuya kufuneka ichazwe ngezivakalisi ezininzi . . . , emculweni isoloko idluliselwa nje ngesingqi esinye.”

Ngokuphathelele ukunxulumana phakathi kokubona nokuva nentsabelo kwenye yezi, incwadi ethi Music and the Mind inala mazwi abangela umdla: “Kukho ulwalamano olusondele ngakumbi phakathi kokuva nokuchukumiseka kweemvakalelo kunokuba kunjalo phakathi kokubona nokuchukumiseka kweemvakalelo. . . . Ukubona isilwanyana esenzakeleyo okanye umntu obandezelekayo nongathethiyo akuzichukumisi kangako iimvakalelo zomntu obukeleyo. Kodwa xa eqalisa ukukhala kakhulu, umntu obukeleyo usoloko echukumiseka kakhulu.”

Umculo, Amazwi, Nawe

Abanye abantu bathi ingoma enye ibachaphazela ngendlela efanayo bonke abaphulaphuli. Noko ke, abanye bathi indlela umntu asabela ngayo kwingoma ethile ibonisa ukuba ingqondo yaloo mntu ikweyiphi imeko ngelo xesha okanye into eye yamehlela. Oku sinokukuzekelisa ngendlela avakalelwa ngayo umntu ofelwe ngulowo amthandayo xa esiva ingoma, mhlawumbi kwindawo yonqulo. Le ngoma inokubuyisa iinkumbulo ezithile ize imenze azive ebuhlungu ade antywizise. Abanye abangekho kuloo meko basenokucula ingoma ekwafanayo bechwayitile.

Kwakhona khawuqwalasele indlela echazwe ngayo iFrench horn nexilongo ngaphambilana. Usenokungavumi ukuba iFrench horn inesandi esothusayo. Kuwe inokuvakala isitsho kamnandi, ngoxa ixilongo linokuvakala livuselela iimvakalelo ezinzulu. Mntu ngamnye uneemvakalelo zakhe yedwa ezinokuvuselelwa ngumculo—ngenxa yoko ke sisabela kuzo ngendlela yethu.

Umculo uluncedo ekunxulumaniseni amazwi okanye iingcamango kunye neemvakalelo. Ngenxa yoko, zimbalwa izibhengezo zikamabonwakude okanye ezikanomathotholo ezisasazwa ngaphandle kwengoma. Ngokufuthi amazwi akafikeleli ntliziyo kangako. Noko ke, ukuba kutsho umculo osifaneleyo eso sibhengezo, udlalelwa phantsi, siya kuzifikelela iimvakalelo zabaphulaphuli. Hayi indlela ekuyinyaniso ngayo ukuba injongo yezibhengezo ezininzi kukwenza ukuthenga kusuke kwiimvakalelo kunokuba kusuke engqondweni!

Ngoxa ukubhengeza kunokutya imali eninzi kawonke wonke, kukho enye inkalo engathandeki gqitha ebangelwa ngamazwi nomculo. IJournal of Youth and Adolescence ithi ngenxa yamazwi aphindaphindwayo, abaqambi beengoma bafundisa abakwishumi elivisayo ukungazihoyi iimbono zabanye baze babe “ngoontamo-lukhuni.” Ngokutsho komnye umthombo, umyalezo odluliselwa “ngamazwi erap angathandekiyo . . . , nanamandla ngakumbi kunezixhobo zomculo wayo ezinesingqi esinamandla,” unokufikelela iimvakalelo zomphulaphuli ibe unokubangela ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo kwibutho labantu.

Ngaba ukusabela ngendlela engathandekiyo kunokuthintelwa ukuba umntu uphulaphula nje umculo aze angawahoyi amazwi? Ewe simele siyivume into yokuba ubukhulu becala, amazwi omculo onesingqi esinamandla nowerap kunzima ukuweva. Enyanisweni, asoloko egqunyelelwa sisandi esiphakamileyo saloo mculo. Sekunjalo, enoba amazwi ayaqondakala okanye akunjalo, sisekho isigidimi esidluliselwa sisingqi esinamandla nokuphindaphindwa kwengoma!

Kwenzeka njani oko? Kaloku, eminye imixholo yeengoma ikwakhela umfanekiso-ngqondweni. Ukongezelela, uhlobo nje lomculo lunesigidimi olusidluliselayo. Sisiphi isigidimi esidluliselwayo? Omnye ulindixesha wolutsha wathi: “Ukunika igunya namandla nokuphumelela ukuba neentlobano zesini.” Omnye uthi: “Eyona mixholo iphambili . . . yimvukelo engalawulekiyo, ugonyamelo, ukukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi, ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini, ukugqwetha izinto nobuSathana.”

Olunye ulutsha luthi nangona oku kunokuba yinyaniso, akunabungozi kulo. Lusenokuma ngelithi lo mculo uyingenelo ngenxa yokuba ulunceda ‘luzazi ukuba lungoobani.’ Ngaba kunjalo? IJournal of Youth and Adolescence ithi: “Imixholo evuselela umsindo nenamazwi angathandekiyo efumaneka kumculo onesingqi esinamandla inokuthandwa gqitha ngamakhwenkwe angazimiselanga, emva kokuba eye axelelwa esikolweni ukuba akazimiselanga.” Yandula ke yongezelele ngelithi: “Eyona nto imangalisayo yeyokuba ukufuna kwabakwishumi elivisayo ukuzazi kubandakanya ijelo elisetyenziswa nguwonke wonke. Kunokuba bazifunele amava aza kubanceda bebodwa, bafuna izinto ezisele ziveliswe zezorhwebo.” Ngamanye amazwi, ukho umntu oxelela aba bantu baselula izinto amabazicinge nendlela abanokuvakalelwa ngayo.

Makhe sijonge iminyhadala yomculo werock. Izichaphazela njani izihlwele eziya kuyo? Incwadi ethi Music and the Mind iyaphendula: “Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ngokuvuselela iimvakalelo nangokuqiniseka ukuba oko kwenzeka ngaxeshanye, umculo unokufak’ isandla kuvula-zibhuqe, abantu benze nje nantoni na, nto leyo eyingozi ngezihlwele.” Obunye ubundlobongela obenzeka kwiminyhadala yomculo werock ibonisa ubunyaniso bala mazwi.

Ngoko, ukuze siphephe ukungcoliswa kwengqondo nentliziyo, simele siwukhethe kakuhle umculo esiwuphulaphulayo. Sinokukwenza njani oko? Inqaku lethu lokugqibela liza kuyiphendula le mibuzo.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Umculo usoloko ubangela ukuba abo bawuphulaphuleyo bafune ukungqungqa

    Iimpapasho ZesiXhosa (1986-2025)
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