Injani Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Namhlanje?
Ngenye intsasa ngoAprili 1999, inzolo yaphazanyiswa kwidolophu yaseLittleton, kufutshane naseDenver, eColorado, eUnited States. Abafana ababini ababefake iidyasi ezimnyama bangena kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sasekuhlaleni baza baqalisa ukudubula abafundi nabafundisi-ntsapho. Bafaka neziqhushumbisi. Kwafa abafundi abali-12 nomfundisi-ntsapho, kwaza kwenzakala abangama-20. Ezi zaphuli-mthetho zaqwela ngokuzibulala. Esinye sasineminyaka eli-17 esinye sineli-18 ubudala kuphela yaye zaziwathiye egazini amaqela athile.
OKULUSIZI KUKUBA, lo mzekelo ukhankanywe ngasentla awusosiganeko sinqabileyo. Amaphephandaba, unomathotholo nomabonwakude unikela ingxelo yeziganeko ezifanayo ehlabathini lonke. Ngokutsho kweNational Center for Education Statistics, zimalunga nama-11 000 iziganeko zogonyamelo eziquka izixhobo kwizikolo zaseMerika ekuye kwanikelwa ingxelo ngazo ngowe-1997. EHamburg, eJamani, iingxelo eziphathelele izenzo zogonyamelo ziye zenyuka nge-10 ekhulwini ebudeni bowe-1997, yaye ama-44 ekhulwini abarhanelwa lulutsha olungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21 ubudala.
Ukuqhatha phakathi kwabezobupolitika namagosa aseburhulumenteni kuxhaphakile. Ingxelo eyenziwa ngumkhomishinala we-European Union (EU) uAnita Gradin ngowe-1998 yatyhila ukuba iindleko ezibangelwa bubuqhetseba kwiEU ebudeni bowe-1997 ziqikelelwa kwii-R8,6 zamawaka ezigidi. Oku kuquka yonke into ukususela ekucinyweni kwamatikiti asezindleleni ukuya kutsho ekufumaneni ngobuqhophololo imali yezolimo okanye ezinye iimali zemboleko ze-EU. Ukufunyanwa kwezityhwentywe zemali ngondlela-mnyama nokuthutyeleziswa kwezixhobo neziyobisi kuye kwavunyelwa yaye abaqeshwa be-EU baye banyotywa yimibutho yezaphuli-mthetho ukuba bavale umlomo. Bonke abebekwiKomishoni ye-EU baye bazibeka phantsi ngowe-1999.
Noko ke, asingabo baphezulu kwibutho labantu kuphela abaqhathayo. Ingxelo evela kwiKomishoni iEU ngokuphathelele abasebenzi abangekho mthethweni yathi ifikelela kwi-16 ekhulwini ingeniso yelizwe ye-EU evela kumashishini angabhaliswanga nangayihlawuliyo irhafu. ERashiya kuye kwanikela ingxelo yokuba ingeniso engekho mthethweni ifikelela kuma-50 ekhulwini kwepheleleyo. Ukongezelela, eUnited States, iAssociation of Certified Fraud Examiners yathi iinkampani zaseMerika zilahlekelwa yimali engaphaya kweedola ezingama-400 zamawaka ezigidi (malunga neerandi ezingamawaka ezigidi ezi-2) nyaka ngamnye ngenxa yabaqeshwa abeba imali okanye izinto zazo.
Kuye kwasetyenziswa i-Internet ngabaninzi abaxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini ukuze balukuhle abantwana nabancinane baze babe neentlobano zesini ezingekho mthethweni kunye nabo. Kuye kwaxhalatywa gqitha ngezinto ezibonisa amanyala zabantwana kwi-Internet, ngokutsho kwesithethi saseSweden seSave the Children. ENorway ngowe-1997, lo mbutho wathelwa thsuphe yimithombo eli-1 883 ngokuphathelele iiWeb sites ezikwi-Internet. Kunyaka olandela lowo amanani aloo mithombo antinga aya kutsho kuma-5 000. Uninzi lwaloo nkcazelo luye lwaveliswa kumazwe anoorhulumente okanye amagunya asekuhlaleni angakwaziyo ukulawula ezi zenzo zamanyala.
Ngaba Kwakubhetele Ngaphambili?
Abantu abaninzi abothuswayo yimeko embi yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ehlabathini namhlanje basenokukhangela emva ngolangazelelo kwimeko eyayikho ngexesha labazali babo okanye loobawomkhulu babo. Kusenokwenzeka mhlawumbi ukuba baye beva ukuba abantu babephila kamnandi ngelo xesha kwanendlela ekwakuxatyiswa ngayo ukunyaniseka nezinye iinkalo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuyo yonke imigangatho yebutho labantu. Abantu abasele bekhulile baye babalisa ngendlela abantu abakhutheleyo abaye bancedana ngayo, ngendlela amaqhina entsapho awayeluqilima ngayo, nangendlela ulutsha olwaluziva lunqabiseke ngayo luze luncedise kwiifama zabazali balo okanye kwimizi-mveliso yabo emincinane.
Loo nto ibangela kuphakame le mibuzo: Ngaba imilinganiselo yabantu yokuziphatha yayibhetele ngaphambili? Okanye ngaba lulangazelelo nje olusitha inkumbulo yethu ngemihla yamandulo? Makhe sibone indlela ababhali-mbali nabanye abahlalutyi bezentlalo abaphendula ngayo.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 3]
Ukuchazwa Kwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha
Kula manqaku igama elithi “imilinganiselo yokuziphatha” lisetyenziswa kwimo enxulumene nemigaqo yokulungileyo nokuphosakeleyo kwisimilo somntu. Oku kuquka ukunyaniseka, ukuba nenyaniso, nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha ngokwesini nakweminye imibandela.