Iindleko Zokuzama Ukwenza Umsebenzi Omninzi

NAMHLANJE AMAZWE ASENTSHONA ATHE PHITHI KUKWENZA IZINTO NGEZANTYA NGAPHANDLE KOKUSOKOLA.

OOMATSHNI bokuhlamba izitya bonga ixesha ekhitshini. Oomatshini bokuhlamba impahla benza ngendlela efanayo kwindawo yokuhlamba impahla. Izigidi zabantu akuseyomfuneko ukuba ziphume emakhayeni azo ukuze ziye kuthenga okanye zivalele imali—zivula ikhompyutha zize zisebenzise i-Internet.

Ewe, phantse lonke ihlabathi lizaliswe zizo zonke iindidi zezixhobo zokonga ixesha namandla. Ngoko ke, usenokucinga ukuba abantu baya kuba nexesha elininzi abanokulichitha neentsapho zabo nelokuzonwabisa. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi abaninzi bathi badinwe yaye baxinezeleke ngaphezulu kunakuqala. Oonobangela boko baninzi yaye bayinkohla.

Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili luxinezeleko oluziswa zezoqoqosho. IThe Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training yakha yaphosa iliso kwiiyure ezichithwa ngabantu emsebenzini kwelo lizwe yaza yafumanisa ukuba “abaninzi basebenza ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-49 rhoqo ngeveki” yaye “ezi yure zininzi zisetyenzwayo ziyazichaphazela iintsapho nabantu ngokubanzi.” Abasebenzi abaninzi bakhetha ukuhlala kwiindawo ezintle nezizolileyo ezixekweni. Oku kunokuthetha ukuchitha iiyure ezininzi veki nganye—okanye suku ngalunye—behamba ngoololiwe neebhasi ezizele ngabantu okanye kwiindlela ezixakekileyo. Loo nto ke, yongezelela kubude beentsuku ekusetyenzwa ngazo noxinezeleko.

Ngaba Akulali Ngokwaneleyo?

Ukungakwazi ukulala kuxhaphakile kwiminyaka yakutshanje kangangokuba kukho iindawo zokuzinyanga kwiindawo ezininzi ehlabathini. Abaphengululi bafumanise ukuba xa abantu bengalali ngokwaneleyo, umzimba uyachaza. Ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yokudinwa umzimba ufuna ukuphumla okwaneleyo. Kodwa ngenxa yobomi obubangela abantu bangalali, abantu abaninzi basoloko bediniwe.

Kwelinye ilizwe laseNtshona, ixesha lokulala liye lehla ngama-20 ekhulwini kwinkulungwane edluleyo, ukususela kwiiyure ezisithoba ngobusuku ukuya kutsho kwezisixhenxe. Abaphengululi baye bafumana ubungqina bokuba ukungalali ngokwaneleyo kubangela ukungakwazi ukufunda nokulibala, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezihlunu, nenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ebuthathaka. Uninzi lwethu luye lwafumanisa ukuba ingqondo ediniweyo ikwatyekele ekwenzeni iimpazamo. Okulusizi kukuba ezi mpazamo zisenokuba nkulu yaye zibangele umonakalo.

Umonakalo Obangelwa Kukudinwa

Ukudinwa okubangelwa kukusebenza iiyure ezininzi, nokudendwa kwabasebenzi kuthiwa kuye kwanegalelo kwezona ntlekele zimbi ezenzeke ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Phakathi kwazo yintlekele eyenzeka eChernobyl, eUkraine; ukudubula kosomajukujuku ekuthiwa yiChallenger; nokuchitheka kweoli xa inqanawa ekuthiwa yiExxon Valdez yantlitheka ematyeni ePrince William Sound, eAlaska.

Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwaseChernobyl lwabakho ebudeni bovavanyo olukhethekileyo kwelo ziko lamandla. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The 24-Hour Society, uMartin Moore-Ede uthi olo vavanyo “lwaluphantsi kweliso loononjineli bombane ababediniwe ababekwelo ziko kangangeeyure ezilishumi elinesithathu, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu kuba bakha balibaziseka kangangeeyure ezilishumi benganikwa mvume yokuqalisa.” Enoba kwakutheni na, ngokohlolisiso lwakutshanje, omnye umonakalo ohlala uhleli owabangelwa yimitha eyaphuma apho, kukunyuka ngokuphindwe kalishumi komhlaza wengqula kubantwana baseUkraine ukususela ngowe-1986.

Emva kophando olwenziwa ngenyameko ngogqabhuko-dubulo losomajukujuku oyiChallenger, ingxelo yebhunga laseburhulumenteni yathi iqela labasebenzi baloo nkampani basebenza iiyure ezithe kratya ezingama-20 ngokuphindwe kangangama-480 kanti elinye iqela lathi kratya ngokuphindwe kangangama-2 512. Le ngxelo yongezelela ngelithi ukudinwa kwabalathisi okwabangelwa “kukusebenza iiyure ezingakumbi nokungalali ngokwaneleyo kangangeentsuku eziliqela” kwakusesinye sezizathu zokuba kukhutshwe umyalelo olahlekisayo wokudutyulwa kwalo somajukujuku. Le ngxelo yathi “xa kusetyenzwa iiyure ezongezelelekileyo ngokugqith’ emgceni, abasebenzi baphelelwa ngamandla yaye baba neempazamo ezininzi.”

Ngokutsho kwesigqeba sombutho, ukuphungulwa kwabasebenzi, mhlawumbi ngokuzama ukunciphisa iindleko, kwabangela ukuba oomatiloshe be-Exxon Valdez basebenze iiyure ezingakumbi ukuze benze imisebenzi emininzi. Ingxelo ephathelele le ntlekele ithi umncedisi kamatiloshe, owayelawula le nqanawa eyazika kanye ezinzulwini zobusuku, wayesebenza ukususela ekuseni. Iilitha ezimalunga nama-42 000 000 zeoli—eyona oli ininzi eyakha yachithakala kwimbali yaseUnited States—yabangela umonakalo ongaphaya kwengqondo kumanxweme olwandle nakwizilwanyana zasendle yaye waxabisa ii-$2 zamawaka ezigidi (ii-R14 zamawaka ezigidi)

Umonakalo Ongaqondakaliyo Obangelwa Kukudinwa

Ngokutsho kolunye uhlolisiso, ukutyhafa nokudinwa kuxabisa ihlabathi ubuncinane ii-R2,7 zamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye! Kodwa ayikho imali enokulingana umonakalo owenzeka kubomi nakwimpilo yabantu, nto ezo ezisoloko zichaphazeleka. Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge nje ngeengozi zendlela. Ngokutsho kwekliniki yezigulo zokungalali eSydney, eOstreliya, phakathi kwama-20 nama-30 ekhulwini eengozi zendlela kwelo lizwe zibangelwa ngabaqhubi abalala beqhuba. Kuqikelelwa ukuba eUnited States, ukozela kunegalelo ubuncinane kwiingozi zendlela ezili-100 000 ezenzeka minyaka le.

Kodwa, imiphumo yokudinwa isenokungapheleli apho. Ixhoba lengozi elibalekiselwa esibhedlele linethemba lokuba ugqirha walo uhleli uthe qwaa. Kodwa ngenxa yokuxakeka nokusebenza iiyure ezininzi, ugqirha usenokuba akathanga qwaa! Ingxelo eyanikelwa yiAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare yatyhila ukuba malunga ne-10 ekhulwini loogqirha babesebenza iiyure ezithe chatha ezingama-65 ngeveki, i-17 ekhulwini leengcali zamayeza zathi kratya kwezo yure, yaye isi-5 ekhulwini “soogqirha abasafundayo” babesebenza kangangama-80 eeyure ngeveki!

UMartin Moore-Ede uthi: “Oomatshini bakhuselwa ziincwadi zokubasebenzisa, izilumkiso nezifundo zoqeqesho. Abantu bafika kweli hlabathi bengakhuselekanga ngolo hlobo. . . . Inyaniso eyothusayo yeyokuba asazi nto kangako ngeemfaneleko zomntu kunokuba sisazi ngomatshini okanye inkqubo ayisebenzisayo.”

Imizimba yethu ayinazibane zibomvu zidanyazayo kwakunye nemiqondiso esixelela ukuba siyeke okanye sithobe isantya. Sekunjalo iyasilumkisa. Ezo zilumkiso ziquka ukudinwa ngokungapheliyo, ukudakumba ngamaxesha athile, uxinezeleko, nokungenwa lula zizifo. Ukuba unezi mpawu—mhlawumbi uvakalelwa kukuba akuguli—kusenokuba lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba uhlolisise indlela ophila ngayo.

Umonakalo Obangelwa Kukuxakeka Gqitha Ekuhlaleni

Ukuxinezeleka nokungalali kakuhle nako kunomonakalo kulwalamano lwabantu. Cinga nje ngemeko yesibini esisandul’ ukutshata uJohn noMaria.a Babefuna oko kufunwa ngabo bonke abantu abasandul’ ukutshata—ikhaya elitofotofo nemali eyaneleyo. Ngoko bobabini basebenza ixesha elizeleyo. Kodwa ngenxa yamaxesha omsebenzi angafaniyo, babengenaxesha laneleyo bekunye. Ulwalamano lwabo lwaya luqhwalela. Noko ke, abazange bahoye nto, baza baqhubeka bexakekile de umtshato wabo owawugungqa waqhawuka.

Incwadi ethi The 24-Hour Society ithi: “Umlinganiselo woqhawulo-mtshato kwiintsapho ezisebenza ngamaxesha awahlukeneyo ungama-60 ekhulwini kunezo zisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ebudeni bemini.” Kanti, enoba zisebenza iiyure ezahlukeneyo okanye akunjalo, izibini ezininzi zizama ukwenza izinto ezininzi de imitshato yazo yonakale. Kwezinye uxinezeleko nokudinwa kunokubangela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi notywala nokungatyi kakuhle—zinto ezo ezingongezeleli ekudinweni kuphela kodwa ezisenokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi, kwanasekuxhatshazweni kwabantwana.

Ngelokunceda abazali bahlangabezane nokuxakeka, iindawo zokugcina abantwana ziyanda, ezinye zivulwa imini nobusuku. Noko ke, abantwana abaninzi bagcinwa ngumabonwakude. Kambe ke, ukuze abantwana bakhule ngendlela efanelekileyo, bengabantu abakhulu abalungeleleneyo, kufuneka abazali babo bachithe nabo ixesha elininzi elixabisekileyo. Kodwa abazali abasoloko bedinwe gqitha ukuba bangachitha ixesha nabantwana babo ngenxa yokuzama ukugcina umgangatho wokuphila ophakame ngokungekho ngqiqweni baya kuba balumkile ukuba bahlolisisa umonakalo onokubangelwa koko—kubo nakubantwana babo.

Kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje lezobugcisa elixakekileyo, nabantu abakhulileyo bakwangamaxhoba. Ukukhawuleza kotshintsho nokufika kwezinto ezininzi kwezentengiso kwenza abanye babhideke, bazive bengakhuselekanga, besoyika okanye beshiywe lixesha. Ngoko libaphathele ntoni ikamva?

Ngaba sonke—enoba sibadala okanye sibancinane—sixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi elityekele ekwenzeni izinto ngokukhawuleza? Okanye ngaba zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sikwazi ukuhlangabezana okanye ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bethu? Okuvuyisayo kukuba zikho, njengoko siza kubona kwinqaku elilandelayo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 18]

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukudinwa kwaba negalelo kwintlekele yaseChernobyl, ugqabhuko-dubulo losomajukujuku oyi-“Challenger” nokuchithakala kweoli kwi-“Exxon Valdez”

[Inkcazelo]

Courtesy U.S. Department of Energy’s International Nuclear Safety Program

NASA photo

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 19]

Ukuxakeka kobomi kunokukhokelela kwimitshato egungqayo

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 20]

Ngelokuzama ukuhlangabezana noku, abanye bayanxila