Indlela Eyiyo Imfazwe Kule Mihla
NGOKUBHUDUZELA kuye kwagxunyekwa inkampu yeembacu ukuze kunyanyekelwe iimbacu ezili-1 548 ezifike ngokukhawuleza zisuka kwilizwe eliselumelwaneni eAfrika. Iintente ezinamabala aluhlaza namdaka zagxunyekwa kwindawo eyayinodaka phakathi kwehlathi elinemithi yesundu. Kwakungekho mbane kungekho mandlalo, yaye kwakungekho zimpompo zamanzi okanye izindlu zangasese. Kwakusina. Ezi mbacu zazisebenzisa amakhuni ukumba imingxuma emincinane ngelokuthintela amanzi ukuba angakhukulisi ezi ntente. Amaziko amabini anikela uncedo ehlabathini lonke ayesebenza ngokukhawuleza ephucula iimeko zokuhlala apho.
Ngaphambilana, ezi mbacu zakhwela ibukubela lenqanawa yomthwalo ukuze zibaleke imfazwe yamakhaya eye yadlakaza ilizwe lazo kangangeminyaka emininzi. Le mfazwe yayingaliwa ngeenqwelo zomkhosi ezininzi okanye iibhombu ezinkulu. Yaqala ngokuthi amajoni ali-150 axhobe ngoombayimbayi angene alimise mantsantsa elo. Kwiminyaka eyalandelayo, amajoni athimba idolophana emva kwenye, efuna intlawulo kubemi balapho, egaya amajoni angakumbi, yaye ebulala nabani na onxamnye nawo. Ekugqibeleni aloyisa lonke elo lizwe.
Omnye weembacu ezazikulo nkampu yayilibhinqa eliselula eligama linguEsther. Lathi: “Eyona nto ibuhlungu yandehlelayo ebomini bam kukuphulukana nomyeni wam kule mfazwe. Bamdubula. Ndoyika gqitha. Xa usiva umntu ekhwaza usoloko ucinga ukuba kukho umbulali ozayo. Nanini na ubona umntu ophethe umpu, ucinga ukuba uza kukubulala. Andonwabanga tu. Ndiyaqala apha ukulala ebusuku. Emva ekhaya, ndandingalali. Apha ndilala ngathi ndifile.”
Umbhali kaVukani! wabuza: “Ulala kamnandi kwezi ntente zimanzi?”
Ehleka uEsther uthi: “Nokuba ndingalala eludakeni, ndiya kulala bhetele kunalapho ndisuka khona.”
UAmbrose, oneminyaka elishumi ubudala ngelo xesha, uye wachitha inxalenye eninzi yobomi bakhe ebaleka imimandla yemfazwe nentsapho yakowabo. Wathi: “Ndingathanda ukubona kukho uxolo ndizokubuyela esikolweni. Kaloku, ndiyakhula.”
UKpana, oneminyaka esithoba ubudala, unamehlo amahle amdaka. Xa wabuzwa eyona nto ayikhumbulayo eyayenzeke ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokuthandabuza waphendula wathi: “Yimfazwe! Ngumlo!”
Le mfazwe yayibalekwa ngaba bantu ixhaphakile kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngokutsho kwenye incwadi, kwiimfazwe ezinkulu ezingama-49 ebezigquba ukususela ngowe-1990, ezingama-46 bezisiliwa ngezixhobo ezilula. Ngokungafaniyo nekrele okanye umkhonto, ofuna ubuchule namandla ukuze usebenze kakuhle xa kusiliwa, izixhobo ezincinane zenza ukulwa emfazweni kube lula kwabanamava nabangenawo.a Kudla ngokuthunywa kuze kunyanzelwe abakwishumi elivisayo nabantwana ukuba baphange, benzakalise baze babulale.
Uninzi lwezi mfazwe, aziliwa ngamazwe kodwa lilizwe. Aziliwa ngamajoni aqeqeshiweyo kwithafa ledabi, kodwa ubukhulu becala ziliwa ngabemi ezixekweni, ezidolophini nakwiidolophana. Ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu becala kusilwa abantu abangaqeqeshelwanga umkhosi, abazisoli kangako ngokwaphula imithetho eqhelekileyo yemfazwe. Loo nto iphumela ekubeni ukuhlaselwa ngolunya kwamadoda angaxhobanga, amabhinqa nabantwana kube yinto eqhelekileyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiimfazwe zale mihla ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini abo babulawayo ibe ngabemi abangenanto yakwenza nemfazwe. Kwiimfazwe ezinjalo izixhobo ezincinane nezilula zisetyenziswa gqitha.
Kambe ke, imipu ayibangeli mfazwe ngokuthe ngqo—abantu kudala balwa ngaphambi kokuba irhuluwa ibekho. Noko ke, imipu emininzi inokukhuthaza ukulwa kunothethathethwano. Izixhobo zinokulenza lide ixesha lemfazwe zize ziyenze ibe mbi ngakumbi indyikitya.
Ngoxa izixhobo ezisetyenziswa namhlanje ezimfazweni zilula, ziye zabangela imiphumo enzima. Kwiminyaka yee-1990 ezo zixhobo ziye zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezine. Abanye abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 baye baba ziimbacu okanye oomahamb’ ehlala. Iimfazwe eziliwa ngezixhobo ezincinane ziye zadodobalisa imimandla ngokwezobupolitika, ngokwezentlalo, ngokwezoqoqosho, nangokwemeko-bume. Iindleko kubantu behlabathi lonke ekunikeleni uncedo olukhawulezileyo, ekunyamekeleni iimbacu, ekugcineni uxolo nokungenelela kwemikhosi ziye zafikelela kumawaka ezigidi zeerandi.
Kutheni izixhobo ezincinane ziye zaba nendima enkulu kangaka kwiimfazwe zanamhlanje? Zivela phi? Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela okanye ukuphelisa imiphumo yazo ebulalayo? Siya kuyixubusha le mibuzo kumanqaku alandelayo.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Ibinzana elithi “izixhobo ezincinane” libhekisela koombayimbayi nemipu emincinane—izixhobo ezinokubanjwa ngumntu omnye; ibinzana elithi “izixhobo ezilula” liquka imipu ezingxalayo, iinkanunu, nezixhobo zokutshukutshela iibhombu, maxa wambi ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ngabantu ababini.
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 11]
UN PHOTO 186797/J. Isaac