Umnqweno Wokuhamba Ngenqwelo-moya Ngokukhuselekileyo

KWIIVEKI nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi koSeptemba 11, uAlex wayeziva engasenavalo kangako xa ehamba ngenqwelo-moya. Ekundulukeni kwenqwelo-moya awayekhwele kuyo eyayisuka eAthens isingise eBoston, umphathi wesebe lemicimbi yoluntu oneminyaka engama-42 ubudala wangenwa yintaka—uvalo lwaqalisa ukungongoza yaye waqalisa ukubila izandla nebunzi.

Kodwa wayeyazi into amakayenze. Ingcali yezonyango eyayizama ukumnceda alwisane noloyiko awayenalo xa ehamba ngenqwelo-moya yayimxelele ukuba umele asezele umoya omninzi, abe nomfanekiso ngqondweni wendawo entle, aze abambelele nkqi kwisihlalo sakhe, amane esiyeka izihlandlo ezine ngomzuzu. Akuva ukuxokozela nengxolo eyoyikisayo, uAlex wazakhela umfanekiso ngqondweni wechibi elihle. UAlex uthi: “Ndandisele ndicinga ukuba iyaphela le ngxaki.”

Izigidi zabantu bezisoloko zikoyika ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje abantu abaninzi baye baya kumaziko okunceda abantu balwisane noloyiko lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, amaxesha amaninzi bebekhuthazwa ngamalungu eentsapho zabo, abaqeshi babo nabo basebenza kumaziko eenqwelo-moya, yaye injongo ibikukubakhuthaza bahambe ngenqwelo-moya. Kwabaninzi, la maziko aye ayingenelo, yaye abaninzi kwabo basebenza kula maziko bebeqhayisa besithi bancede abantu abangama-90 ekhulwini.

Kodwa isiganeko sikaSeptemba 11, sazitshintsha izinto. UAlex wayeka ngoko nangoko ukuya kwelo ziko loncedo. Yaye into eyadanisa umqeshi wakhe kukuba warhoxisa namalungiselelo okuhamba ngenqwelo-moya aye kudibana nomntu othile awayeza kuxubusha naye ngemibandela yoshishino, ngxoxo leyo yayinokuzisa ingeniso kwinkampani yakhe. UAlex wathi: “Ndandingenakukwazi ukunyamezela uloyiko lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya nokoyika abanqolobi. Andizange ndifumane nyango kuleyo into.”

Amanyathelo Okuqinisekisa Ukhuseleko

Abantu aboyikayo ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya bathi imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa abantu abaza kukhwela inqwelo-moya yabuzwa nakubaqweqwedisi bangoSeptemba 11, imibuzo efana nale: “Ngaba kukho mntu ongamaziyo okuphathise ipasile? Ngaba ukhe wahlukana nomthwalo wakho emva kokuba upakishile?” Ngokuqinisekileyo nabaqweqwedisi baphendula ngokufanayo nenkoliso yabantu, bathi: “Hayi!” Nezinye iingcali zokhuseleko ziyabona ukuba ukungena kwaba baqweqwedisi kwinqwelo-moya bubungqina bokuba kukho ukungakhuseleki okuthile kubantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya. UJim McKenna, owayesakuba ngumalathisi weAviation Safety Alliance wathi: “Akukho mntu, kungekho nanto yayinokubangela ukuba kubekho utshintsho. Kodwa ukuqweqwediswa nokutshatyalaliswa kweenqwelo-moya ezine, nokubulawa kwamawaka abantu kusenokuba sesona sizathu sivakalayo sokuba kubekho utshintsho.”

Emva kokufa kwabantu kwezo nqwelo-moya zantlithekayo, kuye kwathatyathwa amanyathelo aqatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba abantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya bakhuselekile. Emva kwentlanganiso yebhunga lowiso-mthetho, umphathi-jikelele weU.S. Department of Transportation, uKenneth M. Mead wathi: “Nangona kuye kwathatyathwa amanyathelo aqatha, alukabikho ncam ukhuseleko yaye kusekho . . . ukuchanabeka okuthile kubantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya.” Ngawaphi amanyathelo aye athatyathwa ukuze kulungiswe le meko?

Ukuhlolisiswa Kwezinto Ezinokusongela Ukhuseleko Lwabantu Abahamba Ngenqwelo-moya

Xa igosa eliyintloko yezokhuseleko elisebenza kwisebe elikhulu leenqwelo-moya zaseUnited States labuzwa ukuba aloyiki kusini na ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, laphendula ngengqiniseko lathi: “Hayi, ndiyayithemba i-CAPS.” Libhekisela kwinkqubo yekhompyutha ebizwa ngokuba yiComputer Assisted Passenger Screening, apho kubhalwa tikiti ngalinye elithengiswe yinkampani yeenqwelo-moya esebenzisa le nkqubo. Le nkqubo iyabonisa enoba itikiti lithengwe kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya okanye kwiziko lezokhenketho okanye kwi-Internet kusini na. Iyabonisa enoba lo mntu uza kuhamba yedwa okanye namalungu entsapho okanye abanye abahlobo kusini na, yaye inikela neenkcukacha zokuba lo mntu wakha wabandakanyeka kulwaphulo-mthetho okanye waziphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga kusini na kwinqwelo-moya, okanye wakha waphazamisana kusini na nabasebenzi balapho okanye wenza uqhushululu kwisikhululo senqwelo-moya.

Sihlandlo ngasinye umntu elungiselela uhambo ngenqwelo-moya, le nkcazelo iyahlolwa kwakhona ize ihlaziywe, neempendulo zakhe ziyabhalwa. Ezo nkcukacha zichanileyo zilondolozwa ngokufihlakeleyo kwiziko leenqwelo-moya. Kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana ne-CAPS ehlabathini jikelele, yaye ezinye zinxibelelene namanye amaziko karhulumente namaziko amapolisa amazwe ngamazwe, njenge-Interpol. Kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezininzi zaseYurophu, iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa apho zinokuveza iinkcukacha eziphathelele zonke izihlandlo umntu aye wakhwela inqwelo-moya ngazo neziphathelele ukundwendwela kwakhe kumazwe awahlukahlukeneyo.

Ngoxa kusetyenziswa le nkqubo, licace mhlophe elokuba eyona nto iyingozi, ngabantu abakhohlakeleyo kungekhona imithwalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuze kuthatyathwe amanyathelo aqatha kukhuseleko lwezikhululo zenqwelo-moya, kuye kwasetyenziswa izixhobo zokuhlolisisa iinkcukacha zobuqu yaye ngoku kucetywa ukuba kusetyenziswe amakhadi anazo zonke iinkcukacha zomntu.

Ngaphandle kwale nkcazelo ephathelele umntu ohamba ngenqwelo-moya, kusekho nemfuneko yokuba kuthintelwe ukukhweliswa kwezinto eziyingozi kwinqwelo-moya. Oomatshini bokuhlola imithwalo abanakubonisa yonke into. Amagosa ezokhuseleko asebenza kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya akufumanisa kunzima ukuhlala ethe ntsho kwaba matshini ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba ukujonga umthwalo obonakala mfiliba ematshinini kunokuba yindinisa. Kwangaxeshanye, oomatshini abanozibuthe bakhala qho xa umthwalo unezitshixo zendlu, iingqekembe zemali namakhonkco amabhanti.

Umthetho Ongqongqo

Ukuze kulungiswe loo meko, oorhulumente baye bamisela umthetho wokuba kuthatyathwe amanyathelo angqongqo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya. EUnited States, oku kuthetha ukuba ngasekupheleni kowama-2002, umthwalo uza kulayishwa xa umniniwo sele ekhwele, imithwalo iza kuhlolisiswa ngocoselelo, yaye yonke imithwalo ehlawulelweyo iza kuhlolwa ngomatshini ukuba akukho ziqhushumbisi na kuyo. Kulungiselelwa ukuba iingcango zendawo ehlala umqhubi wenqwelo-moya zibe luqilima. Abo basebenza kwiinqwelo-moya bafumana uqeqesho olungakumbi olunokubanceda ngamaxesha eengxaki. Kuye kwalungiselelwa nokuba kubekho amagosa axhobileyo ahamba ngeenqwelo-moya zorhwebo.

Kwisithuba esingangeeveki neenyanga emva kukaSeptemba 11, kwizikhululo ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya ehlabathini lonke, abantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya babedlula emntwini oza kubahlola noza kuhlola imithwalo yabo. Ngamanye amaxesha aba bantu babephinde badlule kumntu wesibini oza kwenza okufanayo. Le nkqubo sele iqhelekile kubantu abandwendwela eYurophu, yaye yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu apho ebudeni beminyaka yee-1970, kuba ngelo xesha ukuqweqwediswa kweenqwelo-moya kwakuxhaphakile. Abantu abahamba ngeenqwelo-moya abavumelekanga ukuphatha izinto ezibukhali. Ngabantu abanamatikiti asele ehloliwe kuphela abavumelekileyo ukudlulela ngaphaya kwendawo yokuhlola amatikiti. Abaninzi sele beqhelile ukuma ixesha elide belinde ukuhlolwa kwamatikiti abo yaye sele beqhelile nokuba kubekho amajoni axhobileyo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya.

Ukubaluleka Kokunyanyekelwa Kweenqwelo-moya

Khawube nalo mfanekiso ngqondweni wale meko iqhelekileyo: Emva kokudlula kwiindawo eziliqela zokuhlola amatikiti, umntu oza kuhamba ngenqwelo-moya ufika kwindawo ekukhwelelwa kuyo, elindele ukwenziwa kwesaziso esithi abantu mabakhwele. Usomashishini onxibe isuti egreyi omi kufuphi naye uthi: “Uyeva ukuba kuthiwani? Inqwelo-moya iza kulibaziseka kancinane kuba kukho umonakalo othile.” Ufing’ iintshiyi aze ahlabele mgama athi: “Ndiyathemba ukuba abazukusikhwelisa kwinqwelo-moya engenanjini!”

Abantu abaninzi abahamba ngeenqwelo-moya abaqondi ukuba izikhululo zenqwelo-moya zisebenzisa inkqubo echuliweyo yokuhlolisisa inqwelo-moya. Ngaphambi kokuba inqwelo-moya ilungiswe, kuhlolisiswa ngenyameko incwadi eneenkcukacha zayo. Eneneni, amaziko ajongene nokulungiswa kweenqwelo-moya aye aqinisekise ukuba injini yenqwelo-moya iyahlolwa qho xa kufika ixesha elifanelekileyo lokwenjenjalo—ihlolwa rhoqo kunezinye izithuthi eziqhelekileyo—kwanokuba inqwelo-moya leyo ayizange yonakale ngaphambili.

Elinye igosa elikwicandelo lokulungisa kwiziko elikhulu leenqwelo-moya linokukungqina oku. Lithi: “Kule minyaka imalunga ne-15 ndisebenza kweli ziko, andizange ndibone okanye ndive mntu osebenza apha ongawuthabathi nzulu umcimbi wokhuseleko lwabantu. Ngapha koko, abahlobo neentsapho zabantu abasebenza apha bakhwela kwakwezi nqwelo-moya, ngoko abenzi nanye into enokubeka ubomi babantu esichengeni.”

Abona bantu banembopheleleko enkulu ngabo balungisa iinqwelo-moya nabo bazinyamekelayo. Omnye wabo uthi: “Andisayi kuze ndibulibale ubusuku eyantlitheka ngabo iDC-10, eSioux City, eIowa. Ngelo xesha ndandilungisa iinqwelo-moya, yaye umsebenzi wam yayikukuhlola nokulungisa izinto ezonakeleyo kumva wenqwelo-moya. Ngeli xesha, sasingekaqondi kakuhle ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kule nqwelo-moya intlithekileyo. Ndisakhumbula indlela endasebenza ngononophelo ngayo ngobo busuku, ndizibuza, ‘Kwenzeke ntoni bethu kule nqwelo-moya? Ngaba mhlawumbi kukho umntu onento ethile angayibonanga leyo ndinokuyifumana ngoku ukuze kungaphindi kubekho ngozi elolu hlobo? Ngaba yonke into ndiyenze kanye ngendlela endimele ndiyenze ngayo?’ Ngobo busuku ndahlala ixesha elide ndilungisa inqwelo-moya, ndiyihlolisisa yaye ndisidla amathambo engqondo.”

Ngalo lonke ixesha, abalungisi beenqwelo-moya bafumana uqeqesho kuzo zonke iinkalo zomsebenzi wabo, kuquka umsebenzi wokuhlola oqhelekileyo noqeqesho lokukwazi ukubona umonakalo onokubangela ingozi. Aba basebenzi baqeqeshwa minyaka le ukuze bakwazi ukubona izinto ezinokubangela ingozi enoba zizinto nje eziqhelekileyo okanye ezintsonkothileyo.

Emva kokuba kwehle ingozi yenqwelo-moya, inkcazelo yoko kwenzekileyo ifakwa kwikhompyutha, ize isetyenziswe xa kuhlolwa indlela enokuba yenzeke ngayo loo ngozi kusetyenziswa isixhobo esifana nenqwelo-moya. Abaqhubi benqwelo-moya abanamava noononjineli basebenzisa esi sixhobo bezama ukubona iindlela abanokusingatha ngazo iingxaki ezibangele lo monakalo. Emva koko, kulungiselelwa ukuba kuqeqeshwe abo basebenza kwiinqwelo-moya ngokuphathelele olu hlobo lwengxaki. Oku kuhlolisiswa konobangela wengxaki kunokukhokelela ekubeni kutshintshwe nendlela ezenziwa ngayo iinqwelo-moya, ngethemba lokuba kunokufundwa okuthile kwezo mpazamo kuze ngaloo ndlela kuphetshwe iingozi kwixa elizayo.

Omnye umsebénzi onyamekela iinqwelo-moya uqukumbela ngelithi: “Sonke siye sixelelwe ukuba ‘ukhuseleko aluxhomekekanga kumabona-ndenzile—lumele lulungiselelwe.’”

Ukuhamba Ngenqwelo-moya Kwakhona

Emva kweenyanga ezine engahambi ngenqwelo-moya, uAlex wenza isigqibo sokuba azame ukulwisana noloyiko awayenalo. Ukubakho kwamapolisa nabalindi eBoston’s Logan International Airport kwabonakala kungamkhathazi. Imigca emide yabantu abazise amatikiti abo ukuba ahlolwe nokubakho komntu ohlola umthwalo wakhe akuzange kumkhathaze konke konke.

Zonke ezi nquleqhu zabangela ukuba uAlex abe nethemba lokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo. Alukapheli ncam uvalo kuye. Noko ke, njengoko uAlex efaka umthwalo wakhe kwindawo esentla kwakhe elungiselelwe ukufaka umthwalo, uthi: “Ndiziva bhetele kakhulu ngoku.”

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]

Izibakala Eziphathelele Uhambo Ngenqwelo-moya

Kuqikelelwa ukuba, kubantu aba-5 ngumntu om-1 owoyikayo ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya. Noko ke, kwaba bantu asingabo bonke abavakalelwa kukuba abakhuselekanga xa behamba ngenqwelo-moya. Eyona nto idla ngokuba yingxaki kukoyika iindawo eziphakamileyo okanye ezixineneyo.

[Isicangca esikwiphepha 8]

UMNTU UCHANABEKE KANGAKANANI KWIINGOZI EZIMANYUMNYEZI?

Inqwelo-mafutha 6 212 81

Ukugwintwa 15 104 197

Oomatshini 265 000 3 500

Ukuwa kwenqwelo-moya 390 000 5 100

Ukurhaxwa ebhafini 802 000 10 500

Ukubethwa ngumbane 4.3 lezigidi 56 000

[Inkcazelo]

Umthombo: National Safety Council

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

Ukhuseleko luluqilima ngakumbi kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya

[Inkcazelo]

AP Photo/Joel Page

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Ukuhlolwa komntu oza kukhwela kwinqwelo-moya

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Ukunyanyekelwa kweenqwelo-moya ngocoselelo

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngoompondo zihlanjiwe