Xa Umntwana Wakho Enefiva

“Andiziva mnandi!” Xa umntwana wakho esitsho la mazwi kalusizi, usenokukhawuleza uve ubushushu bomzimba wakhe. Ukuba unefiva, iyaqondakala into yokuba wena mzali usenokothuka.

Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe yi-The Johns Hopkins Children’s Center yaseBaltimore, eMaryland, eUnited States abazali abangama-91 ekhulwini bakholelwa ukuba “kwanefiva nje engephi inokuba nemiphumo ebuhlungu emntwaneni, njengokumenza axhuzule okanye ibangele umonakalo engqondweni.” Kwaolu phando lunye lubonisa ukuba “abazali abangama-89% banika abantwana babo amayeza okunyanga ifiva ngaphambi kokuba ubushushu bomntwana bufikelele kwiqondo le-102 ngokukaFahrenheit (elama-38,9 ngokukaCelsius).”

Kanye kanye ufanele wothuke kangakanani xa umntwana wakho eqalwa yifiva? Yaye ziziphi ezona ndlela zifanelekileyo zokuyinyanga?

Indima Ebalulekileyo Yefiva

Yintoni ebangela ifiva? Nangona ubushushu bomzimba obufanelekileyo bungama-37°C (xa buhlolwa ngesixhobo esifakwa emlonyeni), ubushushu bomzimba womntu buyatshintshatshintsha ebudeni bemini ngeqondo elinye okanye angakumbi.a Ngoko, iqondo lobushushu bomzimba wakho lisenokuba phantsi ekuseni lize linyuke emva kwemini. I-hypothalamus esezantsi engqondweni ilawula ubushushu bomzimba ngokufanayo ne-thermostat. Umntu uba nomkhuhlane xa inkqubo yokukhusela umzimba ikhupha into ebizwa ngokuba yi-pyrogens mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba eye wahlaselwa yintsholongwane ethile. Oku kubangela ukuba i-hypothalamus “inyuse” iqondo lobushushu.

Ngoxa ifiva inokubangela umntu ukuba angaziva mnandi yaye kungabikho manzi emzimbeni wakhe, yona asinto imbi kangako. Eneneni, ngokutsho kwe-Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research kubonakala ngathi ifiva inceda umzimba ukhuphe ityhefu ebangelwa ziintsholongwane. “Iintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane nezinye izifo ezinokuthanani namalungu okuphefumla zithanda indawo epholileyo. Xa uziva unefiva engephi kusenokwenzeka ukuba umzimba wakho ulwa nentsholongwane ethile.” Ngaloo ndlela, le ncwadi ihlabela mgama isithi “ukunyanga ifiva nje engephi akuyomfuneko yaye kunokuphazamisa inkqubo yokwemvelo yokuzinyanga komzimba womntwana wakho.” Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, kwesinye isibhedlele saseMexico ezinye izigulo zinyangwa ngokunyusa iqondo lobushushu bomzimba womguli, yaye olu nyango lubizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthermia.

UGqr. Al Sacchetti we-American College of Emergency Physicians uthi: “Ifiva yona ngokwayo ayidli ngokuba yingxaki. Noko ke, xa unefiva kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho sigulo sithile emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, xa umntwana enefiva, kufanele kunikelwe ingqalelo kuye nesigulo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba unaso kungekhona kwiqondo lobushushu bomzimba wakhe.” I-American Academy of Pediatrics ithi: “Umntwana onefiva nonobushushu bomzimba obungaphantsi kweqondo le-101 ngokukaFahrenheit (elama-38,3 ngokukaCelsius) akudli ngokuba yimfuneko ukuba anyangwe ngaphandle kokuba akaziva mnandi okanye udla ngokuxhuzula xa enefiva. Kwanamaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo akayongozi ngaphandle kokuba umntwana wakha waxhuzula okanye unesifo esinganyangekiyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukumbek’ esweni umntwana wakho. Ukuba utya kakuhle, akaphazamiseki xa elele yaye uyadlala ngamany’ amaxesha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba afumane unyango.”

Indlela Yokunyanga Ifiva Engephi

Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho nto unokuyenza ukuze uncede umntwana wakho. Ezinye iingcali zonyango zinikela la macebiso alandelayo ngokuphathelele ukunyanga umntu onefiva engephi: Igumbi lomntwana wakho malihlale lipholile. Umntwana mnxibise impahla nje epholileyo. (Xa umnxibisa impahla efudumele kakhulu unokubangela ukuba imeko yakhe ibe mandundu ngakumbi.) Khuthaza umntwana ukuba asele kakhulu amanzi, iziselo ezenziwe ngeziqhamo nesuphu, kuba ifiva inokumbangela aphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni.b (Iziselo ezine-caffeine, njengee-cola okanye iti emnyama zibangela ukuba umntu achame kakhulu yaye oko kunokumenza aphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni.) Iintsana zimele zincanciswe ibele. Kuphephe ukutyisa umntwana wakho ukutya ekunzima ukukwetyisa, kuba ifiva ibangela ukuba isisu singasebenzi kakuhle.

Xa ubushushu bomzimba womntwana onefiva busiba ngaphezu kwama-38,9°C, udla ngokunikwa iyeza lokuphelisa ifiva njenge-acetaminophen okanye i-ibuprofen. Noko ke, kubalulekile ukuba kulandelwe indlela yokusebenzisa ezi pilisi ebhalwe kwiphepha elingaphandle. (Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwemibini abafanele banikwe naliphi na iyeza elinganconyelwanga ngugqirha.) Amayeza okunyanga ifiva akalwisani neentsholongwane. Ngoko ke, akamphilisi ngokukhawuleza umntwana onomkhuhlane okanye esinye isigulo esifana neso, kodwa anokumenza azive ebhetele. Ezinye iingcali zicebisa ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-16 ubudala banganikwa i-aspirin ngenjongo yokuthomalalisa ifiva, kuba inxulunyaniswa ne-Reye’s syndrome—isifo esiyingozi gqitha.c

Umntwana onefiva unokuchacha naxa umsula ngamanzi. Hlalisa umntwana ebhafini enentwana yamanzi adikidiki, uthi nkxu ilaphu kuloo manzi umsule. (Musa ukusebenzisa imixube ethile enotywala, kuba oku kunokuba yingozi.)

Ibhokisi ekweli nqaku inenkcazelo eluncedo ngokuphathelele ukubizwa kukagqirha. Ukuqhagamshelana nabezonyango kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu uhlala kwindawo apho kuxhaphake izifo eziyingozi ezifana ne-dengue, i-Ebola, icesina okanye i-yellow fever.

Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza umntwana wakho azive ekhululekile. Khumbula ukuba akufane kwenzeke ukuba ifiva ibangele umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo okanye imbulale umntu. Kwanaxa iye yabangela ukuxhuzula, ngoxa kusothusa oko, akudli ngokubangela ingxaki kamva.

Kakade ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzikhusela ekuhlaselweni zizifo, yaye enye yezona ndlela ziluncedo ekukhuseleni umntwana wakho ekuhlaselweni zizifo kukumfundisa ucoceko. Abantwana bafanele bafundiswe ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo—ngokukodwa ngaphambi kokuba batye, xa begqiba kuzithuma, xa bevela kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezinabantu abaninzi okanye xa begqiba kubamba izilwanyana. Ukuba umntwana wakho uhlaselwa yifiva nakuba usenza yonke imizamo yokumkhusela, musa ukothuka. Njengoko siye safunda, ininzi into onokuyenza ukuze uncede umntwana wakho achache.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 29]

Biza Ugqirha Xa Umntwana Onefiva . . .

◼ Eneenyanga ezintathu okanye ngaphantsi koko yaye ubushushu bomzimba wakhe bukwiqondo lama-38°C okanye ngaphezulu

◼ Eneenyanga ezintathu ukusa kwezintandathu yaye ubushushu bomzimba wakhe bukwiqondo lama-38,3°C okanye ngaphezulu

◼ Eneenyanga ezingaphezu kwezintandathu yaye ubushushu bomzimba wakhe bukwiqondo lama-40°C okanye ngaphezulu

◼ Engafuni nto iselwayo yaye eneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni

◼ Exhuzula okanye edakumbile

◼ Ebonakalisa iimpawu zefiva nasemva kweeyure ezingama-72

◼ Ekhala engathuthuzeleki okanye ebonakalisa iimpawu zokudideka okanye ukuphazamiseka okuthile engqondweni

◼ Enerhashalala, ephefumla nzima, ehanjiswa sisisu okanye ehlanza into engapheliyo

◼ Enomjika-ntamo okanye eqaqanjelwa yintloko

[Inkcazelo]

Umthombo: Yi-The American Academy of Pediatrics