Ilavender—Isipho Kwizivamvo Zethu
Ngumbhali kaVukani! eOstreliya
UKUMKANIKAZI UELIZABETH I waseNgilani wayalela ukuba kwitafile yezidlo zasebukhosini kuhlale kukho izinongo ezenziwe ngayo. UCharles VI waseFransi wayehlala kwimiqamelo ehlohlwe yona. UKumkanikazi uVictoria waseNgilani wayehlamba ngayo. Yintoni le zazidumb’ intloko yiyo ezi zidwangube zasebukhosini? Sisityalo esincinane esinuka kamnandi ekuthiwa yilavender. Nabani na owakha wakwintsimi yeentyatyambo ezimfusa zelavender uya kusiqonda isizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi bahlatywe umxhelo sesi sityalo sinevumba elimnandi.
Zingaphezu kwama-30 iintlobo zelavender ezikhoyo. Esi sityalo someleleyo sikhula kwiindawo ezinemozulu engafaniyo, njengakwiiAlps zaseFransi ezinomoya opholileyo nakuMbindi Mpuma onomoya oshushu. Igama lesi sityalo elithi Lavandula lisuka kwigama lesiLatin elithi lavare, elithetha “ukuhlamba.” Lithatyathwe kwisithethe samaRoma amandulo, awayefaka ioli yelavender emanzini awo okuhlamba.
Umxube Oye Wathandwa Ixesha Elide
Ukusetyenziswa kwelavender njengeyeza kwaqala emva phayaa phantse kwiminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo. KumaXesha Aphakathi, yayisisithako esiphambili kumxube ekwakusithiwa yiviniga yamasela amane, owawusetyenziswa ukulwa nobhubhani. Kuyacaca ukuba igama lale viniga lavela kwinto yokuba abantu ababephanga amangcwaba abantu ababulewe ngubhubhani owasulelayo babehlamba ngomxube owenziwe ngelavender. Kubonakala ukuba nakuba babesesichengeni ngokwenza oko, babengafane basulelwe seso sifo.
Kwinkulungwane ye-16, abantu abanyanga ngamayeza esintu babesithi ilavender inokunyanga kungekuphela imikhuhlane neentloko ezibuhlungu kodwa inokunyanga amalungu omzimba nengqondo ephazamisekileyo. Babekholelwa nokuba ukuthwala isankwane esenziwe ngelavender kunokwenza ubani abe krelekrele. Nasebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, abanye oorhulumente bacela abemi bamazwe abo ukuba baqokelele ilavender kwizitiya zabo ukuze ioli abayifumene kuyo isetyenziswe ukunyanga amanxeba amajoni.
Unyango Lwamandulo Luye Lwaphicothwa
Kubonakala ukuba ezinye iintlobo zeoli yelavender, ngakumbi iLavandula angustifolia ziyanceda ekulweni neqela leentlobo zeentsholongwane nefungi. Abanye abaphandi bathi ioli yelavender inokukwazi ukunyanga iintsholongwane ezixhathisa kwizibulali-ntsholongwane. “Ioli yelavender iluncedo naxa kubelekwa iintsana,” litsho elinye inqaku kuphando lwakutshanje. “Kolunye uvavanyo olukhulu lonyango kwabonakala ukuba koomama abagalela ioli yelavender [kumanzi abo okuhlamba] izinto zisoloko zihamba kakuhle kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukusa kwezi-5 emva kokuba bebelekile . . . Ngoku ioli yelavender isetyenziswa kumagumbi amaninzi okubeleka ngenxa yokuba yenza abantu bazole.”
Kuthekani ngokuthanda kukaKumkanikazi uElizabeth ukutya okunongwe ngelavender? Ngaba ilavender iyatyiwa ngokwenene? “Ilavender yayisisinongo esiphambili ekutyeni kukaTudor noElizabeth baseNgilani, babeyifaka kwinyama yeenyamakazi neqhotsiweyo, beyigalela kwiisaladi zeziqhamo, beyisasaza kwizimuncumuncu okanye bayigalele yodwa enyameni,” utsho njalo uJudyth McLeod kwincwadi yakhe ethi Lavender, Sweet Lavender. Namhlanje ezinye iintlobo zelavender zisetyenziswa ukunonga iibhiskiti, iikeyiki neice cream. Kwelinye icala, asizizo zonke iintlobo zelavender ezithandekayo—ngakumbi kwizinambuzane. Eneneni, “ioli yelavender okanye umgubo wamagqabi noweentyatyambo zayo unokusetyenziswa ekwenzeni izibulali-zinambuzane kwiindawo zoshishino . . . nasekhaya ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kwelavender kuthintela amangolwane, iingqokoqwane, izinambuzane ezimfimfitha izityalo namanundu,” lutsho olunye uhlolisiso.
Ukufunwa Kwayo Ngamandla
Kula mashumi eminyaka akutshanje ilavender iphinde yathandwa gqitha. Ngoku ilinywa eJapan, eMntla Merika, eNew Zealand, eOstreliya naseYurophu. UByron, umlimi wemiyezo osemtsha nonyamekela iihektare ezili-10 zelavender eVictoria, eOstreliya uthi: “Ilavender ifana newayini. Ioli yohlobo olunye lwelavender iyahluka kuxhomekeka kwindawo ekhule kuyo, uhlobo lomhlaba nemozulu. Enye into enegalelo lixesha nendlela evunwa ngayo.”
Ngokwahlukileyo kwiwayini, ioli yelavender ayixovulwa kodwa kusetyenziswa umphunga. UByron uthi: “Kuthabatha iikhilogram ezingama-250 zelavender ukuze uvelise ilitha yeoli. Iintyatyambo ezisandul’ ukuvunwa, izikhondo zazo namagqabi zihlohlwa kumgqomo wentsimbi. Emva koko kufakwa umphunga ngaphantsi kwaloo mgqomo uze uthi njengoko unyuka phakathi kwaloo lavender kuphume ioli. Loo mphunga neoli zidlula kwicondenser ziye kungena kwisitya esithile, apho ioli ifika yahlukane namanzi indande ngaphezulu. Emva koko ioli iyakhutshwa ize igcinwe kwizitya zeceramic, apho igcinwa kangangeenyanga de itsale.”
Ioli yelavender evela kwifama kaByron kwenziwa ngayo isepha, izithambiso namakhandlela. Iintyatyambo zithengiswa zisentsha okanye zomisiwe, yaye iingqungqumbana ezincinane ezikwintloko yentyatyambo zithandwa kakhulu ekwenzeni iziqholo. Amawaka abakhenkethi afika rhoqo ngonyaka eze kungcamla izibiliboco zelavender, abone ubuhle asezele nevumba kumasimi elavender. UByron usoloko ekhumbuza ezi ndwendwe zihlabek’ umxhelo athi: “Ayisithi abenza ioli; thina sifunxa nje leyo sele ikho. UMenzi welavender nguLowo udale esi sityalo njengesipho kwizivamvo zethu.”
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Zintathu iintlobo zelavender eziveliswa kwezoshishino
Ioli eqhelekileyo yelavender ifunyanwa kuhlobo ekuthiwa yi-“Lavandula angustifolia.” Ngokwahlukileyo kwiioli ezikhankanye ngezanzi, yona ayinalo ivumba lekhamfala okanye lincinane gqitha xa lithe lakho. Zimalunga nama-200 iitoni zale oli eziveliswa ngonyaka.
Ioli ebizwa ngokuba yispike lavender ifunyanwa kwisityalo ekuthiwa yi“Lavandula latifolia.” Zifikelela kuma-200 iitoni zale oli ezinokuveliswa ngonyaka.
Ioli ebizwa ngokuba yiLavandin ifumaneka xa kudityaniswe ezi ntlobo zimbini zikhankanywe ngasentla. Zingaphezu kwewaka iitoni zayo ezithengiswa ehlabathini lonke ngonyaka.
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Kwiifama ezininzi, kusasetyenziswa iindlela zakudala zokuvuna ilavender
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Ioli yelavender ifunxwa ngemibhobho emikhulu
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Ioli yelavender itsaliswa kwimiphanda yeceramic ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo