Iinkalo Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zekhethe
“Litsibis’ umgubas’ ikhethe, liza kuphinda lingene ngefestile.”—UFrederick Omkhulu, uKumkani wasePrussia.
URAJESH uhlala ePaliyad, idolophana yaseIndiya. Ngokufanayo nabanye abantu abacalulwayo, uhamba imizuzu eli-15 xa esiya kukha amanzi. Uthi: “Asivunyelwa ukukha amanzi kwiimpompo zale dolophana kuba zisetyenziswa zizidwangube.” Xa wayesesikolweni, uRajesh nabahlobo bakhe babengenakuyichukumisa ibhola edlala abanye abantwana. Uthi: “Endaweni yayo sasidlala ngamatye.”
UChristina okwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo oyinzalelwane yaseAsia nohlala eYurophu uthi: “Ndiyayibona into yokuba abantu abandifuni, kodwa andisazi isizathu soko.” Esalek’ umsundulu uthi: “Kundiphazamisa gqitha oku. Ndidla ngokuzinxwema, kodwa nokwenjenjalo akuncedi nganto.”
UStanley waseNtshona Afrika uthi: “Ndaqala ukuhlangabezana nocalucalulo xa ndandineminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Ndaxelelwa ngabantu endingabaziyo ukuba ndiphume ndiphele edolophini. Abanye abantu bohlanga lwam batshiselwa izindlu. Iakhawunti yebhanki katata yavalwa ukuze angakwazi ukukhupha nokufaka imali kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, ndaqala ukubathiya abantu bolo hlanga lwalusicalucalula.”
URajesh, uChristina noStanley bangamaxhoba ekhethe yaye asingabo bodwa. UKoichiro Matsuura, umalathisi oyintloko kwiUnited Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) uthi: “Namhlanje kukho amakhulu ezigidi zabantu abandezeleka ngenxa yobuhlanga, yocalucalulo, yokuthiywa kwabemi basemzini nokungamkeleki kumaqela athile. Izenzo ezinjalo ukuthob’ isidima zibangelwa kukungazi nekhethe, yaye ziye zabangela ukruthakruthwano olwenze abantu babandezeleka ngendlela engathethekiyo kumazwe amaninzi.”
Ukuba akuzange ube lixhoba lekhethe, usenokungayiqondi indlela okubuhlungu ngayo oko. “Abanye bayathula banyamezele. Abanye baziphindezela ngekhethe elingakumbi,” itsho njalo incwadi ethi Face to Face Against Prejudice. Ikhethe libonakalisa njani ubomi babantu?
Ukuba ungowohlanga oluncinane, usenokuphawula ukuba abantu bayakuphepha, bakujamela kakubi, okanye bahlekisa ngohlanga lwakho. Kusenokuba nzima ukufumana umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuba unokwenza lowo ujongelwa phantsi ekungekho mntu uwufunayo. Kusenokuba nzima nokufumana indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo. Abantwana bakho basenokwenziwa amakheswa bangafunwa ngabanye esikolweni.
Okubi ngakumbi kukuba, ikhethe linokwenza abantu babe nogonyamelo okanye bade babulalane. Enyanisweni, imbali izaliswe yimizekelo ebuhlungu yogonyamelo olubangelwa likhethe—kuquka ukubulawa kwabantu nokutshatyalaliswa kohlanga.
Ikhethe Belikho Ukutyhubela Iinkulungwane
Kukho ixesha apho amaKristu akha aba sisisulu esiphambili sekhethe. Ngokomzekelo, ngokukhawuleza emva kokufa kukaYesu atshutshiswa ngendlela eqatha. (IZenzo 8:3; 9:1, 2; 26:10, 11) Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva abathi bangamaKristu bajamelena nempatho-mbi. Ebhala ngoku, umbhali wenkulungwane yesithathu uTertullian wathi: “Xa kukho ubhubhani, kwangoko kwakusithiwa, ‘NgamaKristu, makaphoswe ezingonyameni.’”
Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-11 ebudeni beMfazwe Yomnqamlezo, amaYuda aba ligcuntswana labantu abangafunwayo eYurophu. Xa elo Lizwekazi lathwaxwa ngubhubhani owabulala malunga nekota yabantu balapho kwiminyaka nje embalwa, kwatyholwa amaYuda ekubeni ayehleli ethiyiwe ngabantu abaninzi. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Invisible Enemies uJeanette Farrell uthi: “Lo bhubhani wanika abantu isizathu sokuwathiya amaYuda yaye loo ntiyo yenza abantu bayeka ukoyika isifo banikela ingqalelo kuwo.”
Ngenxa yokuthuthunjiswa, enye indoda engumYuda kumazantsi eFransi yada “yavuma” ukuba loo bhubhani ubangelwe ngamaYuda ngokugalela ityhefu emaquleni amanzi. Kakade ke, yayingeyonyaniso leyo, kodwa yapapashwa kumaphephandaba njengenyaniso. Kungekudala emva koko, kwabulawa onke amaYuda aseSpeyin, eFransi naseJamani. Kubonakala ukuba akukho namnye owanikela ingqalelo kwabona nobangela beso sifo—iimpuku. Ibe bambalwa abantu abayiphawulayo into yokuba namaYuda ayebulawa seso sifo njengaye wonk’ ubani!
Ukuba lithe laqalisa ikhethe, liyaqhubeka ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, uAdolf Hitler waphembelela intiyo nxamnye namaYuda ewabek’ ityala ngokoyiswa kweJamani kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uRudolf Hoess—umphathi-mikhosi ongumNazi kwinkampu yoxinaniso yaseAuschwitz—wavuma wathi: “Kuqeqesho lwethu lomkhosi nakwiindlela esizisebenzisayo siye sayamkela njengenyaniso into yokuba kufuneka sikhusele iJamani kumaYuda.” Ukuze ‘akhusele iJamani,’ uHoess wakhokela ekutshatyalalisweni kwabantu abamalunga nezi-2 000 000, inkoliso yabo ingamaYuda.
Okubuhlungu kukuba, njengoko kudlula amashumi eminyaka, izenzo zenkohlakalo azikapheli. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1994 kwaqhambuka intiyo yobuhlanga eMpuma Afrika phakathi kwamaTutsi namaHutu, yaza yashiya ubuncinane kufe abantu abasisiqingatha sesigidi. Iphephancwadi iTime lathi: “Kwakungekho ndawo yokubalekela. Igazi lalizizantyala-ntyala nasezicaweni apho abantu abaninzi babebalekela khona. . . . Loo mlo wawushushu, usoyikeka, abantu babenxanelw’ igazi kangangokuba abasindileyo basala bedidekile bengakwazi nokubalisa.” Nabantwana babebulawa kolo dushe. Omnye ummi walapho wathi: “IRwanda yindawo encinane. Kodwa intiyo yalapha yodlula eyehlabathi liphela.”
Ukruthakruthwano lokwahlukana kwelo lalisakuba yiYugoslavia lwabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-200 000. Abamelwane ababehlalisana ngoxolo kangangeminyaka baqalisa ukubulalana. Amawaka amabhinqa adlwengulwa, yaye izigidi zabantu zanyanzelwa ukuba zishiye amakhaya azo ngenxa yenkqubo ebuhlungu yokutshayelwa kohlanga.
Nakuba kwizenzo ezininzi zekhethe kungabulawa bantu, kodwa zisoloko zibahlukanisa abantu baze babe nengqumbo. Phezu kwawo nje umdibaniselwano wehlabathi, ubuhlanga nocalucalulo “zibonakala ngathi ziyanda kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi,” itsho ingxelo yakutshanje yeUNESCO.
Ngaba ikho into enokwenziwa ukuphelisa ikhethe? Ukuze siphendule loo mbuzo, makhe siqwalasele indlela eliqalisa ngayo ikhethe engqondweni nasentliziyweni.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 5]
Iimpawu Zomntu Onekhethe
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Nature of Prejudice, uGordon W. Allport uchaza iimpawu ezintlanu zomntu onekhethe. Umntu onekhethe udla ngokubonakalisa olunye okanye ezingakumbi kwezi mpawu.
1. Iintetho ezingakhiyo. Umntu onekhethe uthetha kakubi ngeqela angalifuniyo.
2. Ukuzinxwema. Umntu onekhethe uphepha nabani na welo qela.
3. Ucalucalulo. Umntu onekhethe uwachwethela bucala amalungu elo qela angawaniki imisebenzi ethile, iindawo ezithile zokuhlala okanye amalungelo athile afunyanwa ngabantu.
4. Ukuhlasela ngogonyamelo. Umntu onekhethe uba nenxaxheba kugonyamelo olusongela ubomi babo bantu abathiyileyo.
5. Ukutshatyalaliswa. Umntu onekhethe uba nenxaxheba kumahlokondiba, ekubulaweni okanye kwiinzame zokulutshabalalisa olo hlanga.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 4]
Inkampu yeembacu yaseBenaco, eTanzania ngoMeyi 11, 1994
Ibhinqa liphumle ecaleni kweembombozi zamanzi. Zingaphezu kwama-300 000 iimbacu ezabalekela eTanzania, inkoliso yazo ingamaHutu aseRwanda
[Inkcazelo]
Photo by Paula Bronstein/Liaison