Izinto Ezibangela Ikhethe
ZISENOKUBA ninzi izinto ezibangela ikhethe. Kodwa ezimbini ezaziwayo zezi (1) ukufuna umntu oza kwasulela kuye ityala (2) nengqumbo ngenxa yempatho engekho sikweni yexesha elidluleyo.
Njengokuba kuboniswe kwinqaku elandulela eli, xa kusehla intlekele abantu basoloko befuna umntu abaza kwasulela kuye ityala. Xa abantu abahlonelwayo besoloko betyhola iqela elithile elincinane, abantu bayakukholelwa oko lize liqale ngaloo ndlela ke ikhethe. Ukwenza nje umzekelo ngento eqhelekileyo, xa ezoqoqosho zingahambi kakuhle kumazwe aseNtshona, ityala lokungabikho komsebenzi lisoloko libekwa kubemi basemzini abasebenza apho—nakuba besoloko befumana imisebenzi engafunwayo yinkoliso yabantu baloo mazwe.
Kodwa ke asililo lonke ikhethe elibangelwa kukufuna ukutyabeka ityala kumntu othile. Lisenokubangelwa zizinto ezenzeka ngaphambili. “Asizami kubaxa izinto xa sisithi urhwebo lwamakhoboka lwakhela ezingqondweni isiseko sokubacalucalula nokubajongela phantsi abantu abamnyama,” itsho njalo ingxelo yeUNESCO Against Racism. Abo baberhweba ngamakhoboka babethethelela oko kushishina kwabo ngabantu kulihlazo ngokuthi abantu baseAfrika ngabantu abaphantsi. Eli khethe lisekelwe ebuxokini nelathi kamva ladlulela nakubantu ababehlala kumazwe angamathanga, lisekho nanamhlanje.
Ihlabathi lonke lizaliswe yimbali yeziganeko ezifanayo zengcinezelo nokungabikho kokusesikweni ezenza ikhethe lihlale likho. Intiyo ephakathi kwamaKatolika namaProtestanti eIreland isusela emva kwinkulungwane ye-16, xa amaKatolika atshutshiswayo aza agxothwa elizweni ngabalawuli baseNgilani. Izenzo zenkohlakalo zabo kuthiwa ngamaKristu kwiiMfazwe Zomnqamlezo zisavusa amanxeba kumaSilamsi akuMbindi Mpuma. Intiyo yabemi baseSerbia nabaseCroatia kummandla weBalkan yabangelwa kukubulawa kwenyambalala yabantu kwimfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. Njengokuba le mizekelo ibonisa, imbali yobutshaba phakathi kwamaqela amabini inokuphembelela ikhethe.
Ukuqhutywa Kukungazi
Umntwana oqingqayo akanalo ikhethe. Ngokwahlukileyo, abaphandi bathi umntwana ukhetha ukudlala nowohlanga olwahlukileyo. Noko ke, xa emalunga neminyaka eli-10 okanye eli-11 ubudala usenokuqalisa ukuzinxwema kubantu bolunye uhlanga, isizwe okanye unqulo. Ebudeni beminyaka yokufunda kwakhe izinto ezininzi, ufunda iqela leembono ezingachananga ezinokuhlala engqondweni ubomi bakhe bonke.
Uzifunda njani ezi zinto? Umntwana ufunda izimo zengqondo ezingakhiyo—kwizinto ezithethwayo nezenziwayo—kubazali, kubahlobo okanye kootitshala bakhe. Kamva, unokuphenjelelwa ngakumbi ngabamelwane, amaphephandaba, unomathotholo okanye umabonwakude. Nangona esenokuba unolwazi oluncinane okanye akazi nto kwaphela ngabo bantu angabathandiyo, uthi esiba mdala abe sele enze isigqibo sokuba baphantsi okanye abathembekanga. Usenokude abathiye.
Ngenxa yokwanda kokuhamba-hamba nezorhwebo, luye lwanda unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo kumazwe amaninzi. Sekunjalo, umntu onobuhlanga egazini udla ngokubambelela kwiingcamango zakhe. Usenokubambelela kwingcamango yokuba amawaka okanye izigidi zolo hlanga zineempawu ezimbi ezifanayo. Nantoni na embi, nokuba yenziwe ngumntu omnye wolo hlanga imenza aluthiye ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, xa kukho umntu owenze okuhle aludli ngokuqukwa lonke olo hlanga.
Ukwahlukana Nekhethe
Nakuba abantu abaninzi beligxeka ikhethe, bambalwa abayiphephayo impembelelo yalo. Eneneni, abaninzi abanekhethe elendeleyo bayakukhanyela oko. Abanye bathi ukuba nekhethe akunamsebenzi, ngokukodwa ukuba liphelela kwabo bantu banalo abenzi nto mntwini ngalo. Noko ke, inomsebenzi into yokuba nekhethe kuba liyabenzakalisa abantu yaye liyabahlukanisa. Ukuba ikhethe libangelwe kukungazi, lona lidla ngokuzala intiyo. Umbhali uCharles Caleb Colton (1780?-1832) wathi: “Abanye abantu sibathiye kuba singabazi; yaye asinakuze sibazi kuba sibathiyile.” Ngoko, ukuba ikhethe uyalifunda ukuze ube nalo, unokuyifunda nendlela yokwahlukana nalo. Njani?
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Unqulo—Ngaba Luphembelela Ukunyamezelana Okanye Ikhethe?
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Nature of Prejudice, uGordon W. Allport usichazela ukuba, “ngokomlinganiselo, kubonakala ukuba amalungu eCawa ngawona anekhethe ngaphezu kwabo bangengawo.” Oku akothusi kuba unqulo belusoloko lungunobangela wekhethe kunokuliphelisa. Ngokomzekelo, abefundisi becawa baye baphembelela ukuthiywa kwamaYuda kangangeenkulungwane. Ngokutsho kweHistory of Christianity, uHitler wakha wathi: “Ngokuphathelele amaYuda, mna ndiqhubeka nje nokwaqalwa yiCawa yamaKatolika kwiminyaka eli-1500 eyadlulayo.”
Iimfundiso zamaOthodoki nezamaKatolika zabonakala zingenako ukwenza abantu banyamezele baze bahlonele abamelwane babo abazibiza ngolunye unqulo ebudeni bezenzo zenkohlakalo zaseBalkan.
Ngokufanayo, eRwanda, amalungu ecawa ayexhelana odwa. INational Catholic Reporter yabonisa ukuba umlo walapho wawuquka “ukutshatyalaliswa kokwenene kohlanga, ngelishwa namaKatolika abekek’ ityala.”
NeCawa yamaKatolika iyayiqonda imbali yayo yokungakwazi ukunyamezelana. Kwidini leMisa elaliseRoma, ngonyaka wama-2000, uPope John Paul II wacela ukuxolelwa “ngezenzo ezitenxileyo zangaphambili.” Kuloo nkonzo, kwakhankanywa ngokukhethekileyo “ukungakwazi ukunyamezelana konqulo nezenzo ezingekho sikweni ezinxamnye namaYuda, amabhinqa, abantu bomthonyama, abemi basemzini, amahlwempu neemveku ezingekazalwa.”
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Phezulu: Inkampu yeembacu, eBosnia naseHerzegovina, ngo-Oktobha 20, 1995
Iimbacu ezimbini zaseBosnia naseSerbia zilindele ukuphela kwemfazwe yamakhaya
[Inkcazelo]
Photo by Scott Peterson/Liaison
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Ufunda ukuba nentiyo
Umntwana unokufunda izimo zengqondo ezingakhiyo kubazali bakhe, umabonwakude nakwezinye iindawo