Uqhuba Kweliphi Icala Endleleni?
Ngumbhali KaVukani! EBritani
Ndidibana nondwendwe lwam olusuka eMerika kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya size sihambe kunye ukuya emotweni yam. Ndithi kulo, “hlala ngaphambili,” yaye lukhawuleza luye kuhlala kwicala lomqhubi. Luba selusithi: “Kanene ndilibele, nina apha niqhuba kwicala elingelilo endleleni.”
Kambe ke, nam bendiya kuthetha ngendlela efanayo ukuba bendityelele eUnited States. Kodwa njengoko sasigoduka, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndifumane isizathu sokuba abantu abakwamanye amazwe baqhube ekhohlo endleleni, ngoxa kumazwe amaninzi kuqhutywa ekunene.
Indlela Ekwakuqhutywa Ngayo Ngaphambili
Makhe sibuyel’ umva malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo ngexesha amaRoma ayethimbe iBritani. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bavumbulula ubungqina obuphathelele indlela ekwakuqhutywa ngayo ngaloo maxesha. Ngowe-1998 bafumana indlela eyayisele igqumelelekile nekhokelela kwindawo yokukha amatye yamaRoma nekufutshane neSwindon, eNgilani. Imizila ekule ndlela inzulu kwelinye icala kunelinye, kanye njengokuba bekuya kuba njalo xa iinqwelo bezidlula kwelinye icala zingalayishanga zize zibuye sele zizele ngamatye. Le mizila ibonisa ukuba, ubuncinane kule ndawo amaRoma ayeqhuba ekhohlo.
Eneneni, abanye bakholelwa kwelokuba abahambi bamandulo ababekhwela amahashe babedla ngokuphalisa ngasekhohlo endleleni. Njengoko abantu abaninzi besebenzisa izandla zasekunene, kwakuba lula ngabakhweli bamahashe ukutsala imikhala ngesandla sasekhohlo baze bangenzi nto ngesasekunene—ukuze bakwazi ukubulisa omnye umkhweli odlulayo okanye bazikhusele ngekrele xa kuyimfuneko.
Kutshintshelwa Ekunene
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1700, amazwe anjengeUnited States ayeka ukuqhuba ekhohlo atshintshela ekunene, xa kwaqaliswa ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo ezinkulu zomthwalo nezitsalwa ngamahashe aliqela. Le nqwelo yayingenaso isitulo somqhubi ngoko umqhubi wayekhwela kwelona hashe lisemva ngasekhohlo aze aphathe isabhokhwe ngesandla sasekunene. Njengoko ehleli ekhohlo, ngokuzenzekelayo umqhubi wayekhetha ukuba ezinye iinqwelo zidlule ngasekhohlo ukuze aqiniseke ukuba inqwelo yakhe ayisondelanga kuleyo iza ngaphambili. Ukuze aqiniseke ukuba kunjalo, wayeqhuba ekunene endleleni.
Noko ke, amaNgesi wona akazange ayeke ukuqhuba ekhohlo. Ayeneenqwelo ezincinane, yaye umqhubi wayehlala apho enqwelweni, ngokuqhelekileyo ngasekunene kwisitulo esingaphambili. Xa ehleli apho wayekwazi ukubhexesha ngegqajolo lesabhokhwe, lingakhange libambeke kumthwalo awulayishileyo. Kanti xa elapho kwicala elingasekunene laloo nqwelo, wayekwazi ukuyigcina ikude nezinye ngokuhlala ngasekhohlo. Amazwe awaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRoma nawo abambelela kulo mthetho wokuqhuba ekhohlo, nakuba amanye engazange enjenjalo. Ngokomzekelo iKhanada, yatshintshela ekunene ukuze kube lula xa abantu balapho besiya okanye besuka eUnited States.
Iziganeko zobupolitika eFransi zaba negalelo kakhulu kwindlela yokuqhuba. Ngaphambi kweMvukelo yalapho ngowe-1789, izihandiba zalapho zaziqhuba iinqwelo zazo ngasekhohlo, zinyanzela abalimi balapho ukuba baqhube kwelinye icala. Kodwa kwathi kwakuqalisa iMvukelo, ezi ngcungcu zazama ngamandla ukuzifihla ngokuhamba ngasekunene kunye nabalimi. Ngowe-1794, urhulumente waseFransi wamisela umthetho wokuba kuqhutywe ekunene eParis, nto leyo eyathi kamva yanwenwela nakweminye imimandla emininzi yelizwekazi laseYurophu eyathinjwa yimikhosi kaNapoléon I. Akumangalisi ukuba uNapoléon akhethe ukuqhuba ekunene. Enye incwadi ithi ngenxa yokuba wayelinxele “imikhosi yakhe kwakufuneka imatshele ngasekunene ukuze isandla abambe ngaso ikrele sibe phakathi kwakhe notshaba.”
EYurophu, amazwe awayesilwa noNapoléon aqhubeka eqhuba ngasekhohlo. IRashiya nePortugal zatshintshela ekunene kanye ebutsheni benkulungwane yama-20. IOstriya, neCzechoslovakia, zatshintshela ekunene zakulawulwa yiJamani yamaNazi ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930 yaye zalandelwa yiHungary. Namhlanje sele emane nje kuphela amazwe aseYurophu asaqhuba ngasekhohlo: yiBritani, i-Ireland, iCyprus, neMalta. Kubangel’ umdla ukuba, iJapan nakuba ingazange ibe lithanga leBritani, kodwa nalapho kuqhutywa ekhohlo.
Amaphenyane, Iinqwelo-moya, Oololiwe Kunye Nabahamba Ngeenyawo
Kuthekani ngamaphenyane neenqwelo-moya? Ngokuqhelekileyo izithuthi zasemanzini zihamba ekunene. Neenqwelo-moya zihamba ekunene. Kuthekani ngoololiwe? Kwamanye amazwe, xa imizila kaloliwe imibini, zizixhobo zokwalathisa ezigqibayo ukuba uloliwe lowo ufanele ahambe kweliphi icala. Imizila kaloliwe yala maxesha idla ngokuvumela ukuba uloliwe ahambe nakuwuphi na umzila, enoba uya kweliphi na icala, kodwa izixhobo ezidala zokwalathisa zivumela ukuba umzila ngamnye uye kwicala elinye kuphela. Ilizwe elaqala ukuyila nokwakha umzila kaloliwe lilo elenza isigqibo ngecala uloliwe afanele aqhutywe kulo.
Kanti kuthekani ngabahamba ngeenyawo? Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba xa ingekho indlela yeenyawo, kokona kukhuselekileyo ukuba xa uhamba ngeenyawo, wenjenjalo kwicala elijongene neemoto ezizayo, enoba liliphi na elo cala. Ukuba iimoto zihamba ngasekunene, kucetyiswa ukuba abahamba ngeenyawo bona bahambe ngasekhohlo endleleni bajongane neemoto ezizayo. EBritani, njengoko siqhuba ekhohlo, siye sizame ukukhumbula ukuhamba ngasekunene. Kuthekani ke ngomhlobo wethu waseMerika? Kaloku yena wenza kanye okwahlukileyo!