Umsantsa Ophakathi Kwezityebi Namahlwempu

KUNGAKHATHALISEKI ukuba liliphi igama elisetyenziswayo ukuwachaza, kumazwe aphucukileyo, afumileyo nahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho kuphilwa ubomi obutofotofo, nangona kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, nabethwa yimeko yezoqoqosho, kuphilwa ubomi obuphantsi. La mazwe ahlukahlukene gqitha.

Kakade ke, kwilizwe elinye, kunokubakho abantu abazizityebi nabangamahlwempu. Cinga ngamazwe afumileyo achazwe kwinqaku elandulelayo. Kula mazwe kukho abantu abazizityebi nabangamahlwempu. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States iintsapho ezifumileyo ezili-10 ekhulwini zifumana umvuzo omalunga nama-30 ekhulwini welizwe lonke. Kwangaxeshanye, ama-20 ekhulwini eentsapho ezingamahlwempu zifanele ziphile nje ngesi-5 ekhulwini saloo mvuzo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeka le nto okanye into efanayo nakwilizwe ohlala kulo, ngokukodwa ukuba abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi bambalwa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Kodwa kwanoorhulumente abakumazwe anabantu abaninzi abakumgangatho ophakathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abakwazanga ukuwuvala ngokupheleleyo umsantsa ophakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu.

Onke Angumgub’ Engxow’ Enye

Akukho nalinye ilizwe elinokuzingomb’ isifuba. Cinga ngoko bajamelene nako abantu abahlala kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo. Abanandlela iphucukileyo yokuzinyamekela ngokwasempilweni. Nangona amazwe asi-9 afumileyo achazwe kwibhokisi ekweliphepha enogqirha omnye kubantu abangama-242 ukusa kwabangama-539, amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ali-18 anogqirha omnye kubantu abangama-3 707 ukusa kwabangama-49 118. Ngoko ke, siyaqondakala isizathu sokuba, abantu bamazwe angawona afumileyo bephila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-73 okanye nangaphezulu ubudala, nangona abangamahlwempu bephila iminyaka engaphantsi gqitha kwengama-50 ubudala.

Kwakhona kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo imfundo iqhwayel’ emva, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantwana bahlale behlwempuzekile. Ukungabikho kwemfundo kubonakala kwinani labantu abafundileyo. Nangona amazwe asi-7 kumazwe asi-9 afumileyo enomlinganiselo wabantu abafundileyo abali-100 ekhulwini (amanye amazwe amabini anabantu abafundileyo abali-96 nabali-97 ekhulwini), amazwe ali-18 ahlwempuzekileyo anomlinganiselo wabantu abafundileyo ophakathi kwama-81 ne-16 ekhulwini yaye ali-10 kuwo anomlinganiselo wabantu abafundileyo ongaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini.

Kodwa nabemi bamazwe afumileyo banezabo iingxaki. Nangona abo bakumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo besenokuba abafumani kutya ngokwaneleyo, abo banentabalala bayafa ngenxa yeengxaki ezibangelwa kukutya kakhulu. Incwadi ethi Food Fight ithi: “Ukutya nokusela ngokugqithiseleyo kuye kwabangela eyona ngxaki inkulu ehlabathini nengaphezu kokungondleki.” Yaye iphephancwadi iThe Atlantic Monthly lithi: “Ngoku, malunga nabantu baseMerika abazizigidi ezisithoba ‘bayagula ngenxa yokutyeba,’ okutheth’ ukuthi baneekhilogram ezingama-45 ezingakumbi, nangaphezulu. Kwelo lizwe ngonyaka izigulo ezininzi ezibangelwa kukutyeba zibulala abantu abamalunga nama-300 000 ngaphambi kwexesha.” Kwakweli nqaku linye kuthiwa “kungekudala ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kusenokuba yeyona ngxaki ithwaxa abantu ehlabathini lonke ngaphezu kwendlala nezifo ezasulelayo.”a

Liyinyaniso elokuba, abemi bamazwe afumileyo baphila ubomi obukumgangatho ophakamileyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo zizinto abanazo kunokwakha ubuhlobo nabanye abantu, ngaloo ndlela banikel’ ingqalelo kakhulu ekubeni nezinto eziphathekayo kunokunandipha ubomi. Ukusuk’ apho, ukuze ube ngumntu kubo uxhomekeke ekubeni uphangela phi, umvuzo wakho ungakanani, okanye ziziphi izinto onazo, kunokuba kujongwe ulwazi onalo, ubulumko, ubuchule, okanye iimpawu ezintle onazo.

Libethelela ukuba ukuphila ubomi obulula kukhokelela kulonwabo, umxholo wenqaku elikwiphephancwadi eliphuma veki nganye laseJamani iFocus labuza: “Kuthekani Ngokuba Nezinto Nje Eziyimfuneko?” Eli nqaku lathi: “Uninzi lwabemi bamazwe aseNtshona alonwabanga njengokuba kwakunjalo kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, phezu kwako nje ukuhambela phambili kwabo ngokwezinto eziphathekayo. . . . Nabani na okunqwenela gqitha ukuba nezinto eziphathekayo kungangenkankulu ukuba abe ngumntu owonwabileyo.”

Ukuvala Umsantsa

Ewe, izibakala zibonisa ukuba, nangona zikho iinzuzo zokuba sisityebi kwanangokuba lihlwempu, kwakhona kwiimeko zombini kukwakho neengxaki. Nangona abantu abangamahlwempu besenokuphila ubomi obuphantsi gqitha, abazizityebi banokuzenza nzima izinto. Hayi indlela ebekunokuba luncedo ngayo ukuba ihlwempu lifunde okuthile kosisityebi kanti nosisityebi afunde okuthile kolihlwempu! Ngaba ungaze uvaleke lo msantsa?

Ngokwendlela abantu abacinga ngayo, usenokuba nembono yokuba awunakuze uvaleke umsantsa ophakathi kwabantu abazizityebi nabantu abangamahlwempu. Yaye okwenzekileyo kwixesha elidluleyo kusenza sifikelele kweso sigqibo. Sekunjalo, likho ithemba lokuba izinto noko ziza kutshintsha. Usenokuba ubungasazi esona sicombululo silula sale ngxaki. Siyintoni eso sicombululo?

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]

“Kungekudala ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kusenokuba kuza kuba yeyona ngxaki ithwaxa abantu ehlabathini lonke ngaphezu kwendlala nezifo ezasulelayo.”—The Atlantic Monthly

[Igrafu ekwiphepha 5]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

Amazwe Asithoba Belgium 75.1 100

Angawona Afumileyo Denmark 76.4 100

Iceland 74.9 100

Japan 78.4 100

Khanada 78.4 96.6

Luxembourg 74.9 100

Norway 76.5 100

Switzerland 77.7 100

United States 74.4 95.5

Amazwe Asibhozo Benin 50.4 37.5

Angawona Burkina Faso 43 23

Ahlwempuzekileyo Burundi 42.5 48.1

Chad 47 53.6

Congo, Dem. Rep. 49 80.7

Ethiopia 47.3 38.7

Guinea-Bissau 45.1 36.8

Madagascar 53.8 80.2

Malawi 37.6 60.3

Mali 44.7 40.3

Mozambique 38.9 43.8

Niger 42.3 15.7

Nigeria 50.9 64.1

Rwanda 45.3 67

Sierra Leone 40.3 36.3

Tanzania 43.3 75.2

Yemen 59.2 46.4

Zambia 35.3 78

[Inkcazelo]

Umthombo: 2005 Britannica Book of the Year.

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 4]

© Mark Henley/Panos Pictures