Amahlwempu Aye Ehlwempuzeka
“Akukho butho labantu linokuchuma lize lonwabe, xa inkoliso yamalungu alo ingamahlwempu yaye ilusizi.”
ISAZI NGEZOQOQOSHO uAdam Smith wathetha loo mazwi kwinkulungwane ye-18. Namhlanje abantu abaninzi bawangqina eyinyaniso ngokwenene loo mazwi. Kuye kwakho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu. KwiiPhilippines, umntu omnye kwabathathu uphila ngaphantsi kwe-$1 (U.S.) ngosuku, imali eyamkelwa ngemizuzu embalwa kumazwe afumileyo. IUnited Nations Human Development Report 2002 ithi “isihlanu ekhulwini sabona bantu bazizityebi emhlabeni samkela imali ephindwe kali-114 ngaphezu kwabantu abasisihlanu ekhulwini abangamahlwempu.”
Nangona abanye bephila ubomi obutofotofo, izigidi zihlala ngokungekho mthethweni, zigxumeka amatyotyombe naphi na. Ukanti abanye abahanjelwa kakuhle kangako zizinto; bahlala ezitratweni, mhlawumbi balale phezu kwekhadibhodi okanye kwiplastiki. Kwabaninzi ubomi abulula, benza nantoni na ukuze bahlale bephila—bagqogqa iindawo zenkunkuma, bathwalela abantu imithwalo enzima okanye baqokelela izinto abanokuzithengisa.
Ukungalingani kwezityebi namahlwempu akuphelelanga kumazwe asakhasayo nje kuphela, kodwa kunjengokuba iWorld Bank isithi, “kuwo onke amazwe kukho ‘iingingqi zamahlwempu.’” Ukusuka eBangladesh ukuya eUnited States, kungakhathaliseki ukuba abanye bami kakuhle kangakanani na, kukho abo batsala nzima ukuze bafumane into etyiwayo nekhusi. IThe New York Times yathetha ngengxelo yeU.S. Census Bureau yowama-2001 ebonisa ukuba umsantsa okhoyo phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu eUnited States usaqhubeka ukhula. Le ngxelo ithi: “Umlinganiselo wesinye kwisihlanu sabona bantu bazizityebi uye wafumana umvuzo olingana nesiqingatha sawo wonke umvuzo wabemi belo kulo nyaka uphelileyo . . . Umlinganiselo wesinye kwisihlanu wabona bantu bangamahlwempu uye wafumana umvuzo osisi-3,5 ekhulwini.” Le meko iyafana okanye imbi nakakhulu nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi. Ingxelo yeWorld Bank yabonisa ukuba malunga nama-57 ekhulwini abantu basemhlabeni baphila ngaphantsi kwee-$2 ngosuku.
Okubi nakakhulu kukuba, ngowama-2002, izigidi ziye azakuthanda ukuva ngoosomashishini abaye baba zizityebi ngeendlela ezingaqondakaliyo. Nokuba abawaphulanga umthetho, abantu abaninzi babevakalelwa kukuba aba somashishini “babezibaxa izinto, beziphethe kakubi ngenxa yokuba bezizityebi,” njengoko lisitsho iphephancwadi iFortune. Xa becinga ngoko kwenzekayo ehlabathini, bambi bayazibuza ukuba kwenzeka njani ukuba abanye abantu bafumane imali eninzi kangaka ngoxa abanye bengamahlwempu.
Ngaba Ubuhlwempu Buya Kuhlala Bukho?
Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho mntu uzamayo ukwenza okuthile ngobuhlwempu. Eneenjongo ezintle amagosa karhulumente aye eza namacebo athile. Sekunjalo, kubonakala kungekho themba. IHuman Development Report 2002 ithi, “amazwe amaninzi angamahlwempu nakakhulu kunakwiminyaka eli-10, engama-20 nengama-30 eyadlulayo,” phezu kwayo nje imigudu emihle eyenziwayo ukuze kuphuculwe izinto.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba akukho themba lamahlwempu? Sicela ukuba ufunde inqaku elilandelayo ukuze siqwalasele ubulumko obunokukunceda ngoku kwanezicombululo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba akuzange uzicinge.