Ukudaya Amalaphu—Mandulo Nanamhlanje

NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EBRITANI

NGABA wakha wayiqwalasela indlela ibala eliziphembelela ngayo iimvakalelo zethu? Asingomnqa into yokuba ukutyhubela imbali abantu baye bajika imibala yemichako, besebenzisa inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba kukudaya.

Xa sithenga iimpahla okanye imichako yokwenza zona, sifuna ezo mpahla zingaphelelwa libala. Ukuze sibone indlela yokwenza imibala ingaphumi ezimpahleni nenkqubo esetyenziswa ekudayeni siye satyelela iSDC Colour Museum yaseBradford, kumntla weNgilani.a Apho sabona imizekelo yezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukudaya ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.

Iidayi Ezazisetyenziswa Mandulo

Izinto ezazisetyenziselwa ukudaya yayizizinto zemvelo ezinjengezityalo, izinambuzane nonookrwece, de kwasisiqingatha sokugqibela senkulungwane ye-19. Ngokomzekelo, isityalo ekuthiwa yiwoad plant sivelisa umbala oluhlaza (1), esibizwa ngokuba yiweld plant siba nombala omthubi (2), kanti esibizwa ngokuba yimadder plant siba nombala obomvu. Idayi emnyama isuka kumthi owaziwa ngokuba yilogwood tree yaye ubulembu bomthi iarchil benza umbala omfusa. Unokrwece uvelisa umbala omfusa (3). Lo ngumbala owawusetyenziswa ukudaya izambatho zabalawuli baseRoma.

Ngaphambi kokuba zinxitywe ngabalawuli baseRoma, izidwangube nezinhanha zazinxiba iimpahla ezazidaywe ngemibala yemvelo. (Estere 8:15) Ngokomzekelo, idayi ebomvu yayiveliswa sisinambuzane ekuthiwa yikermes (4). Kwakusetyenziswa le dayi kwimpahla zasemnqubeni nezombingeleli omkhulu wakwaSirayeli.—Eksodus 28:5; 36:8.

Inkqubo Yokudaya

Ngokwemiboniso ekwiColour Museum, inkqubo yokudaya yayingekokufaka nje ilaphu kumxube wedayi. Kumaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokudaya edibanisa ichiza eliyidayi nelaphu elidaywayo. Ngenxa yeli chiza idayi iyahlala elaphini ungaphumi umbala xa lidibana namanzi. Eminye imichiza esetyenziswa kule nkqubo iyingozi.

Ezinye iinkqubo zitsho ngevumba elibi. Enye yezi nkqubo yeyokuvelisa umbala obomvu. Le dayi isetyenziswa kumqhaphu yaye ivelisa umbala obomvu noqaqambileyo ongachatshazelwa kukukhanya, ukuhlanjwa okanye nokufakwa ibleach. Ngamanye amaxesha ukudaya kunamanqanaba angama-38 yaye kufuna iinyanga ezine ukuze ugqitywe loo msebenzi! Eyona michako mihle eboniswa kule myuziyam ibomvu (5).

Ukuqalisa Ukwenziwa Kwedayi

Idayi yokuqala engaveliswa ngezinto zemvelo yenziwa nguHenry Perkin ngowe-1856. Umboniso okule myuziyam ubonisa umbala omfusa owenziwa nguPerkin. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, mininzi eminye imibala eyavelayo yale dayi. Namhlanje zingaphezu kwama-8 000 iintlobo zedayi ezenziweyo. (6). Ekuphela kweemveliso ezisetyenziswayo zemvelo yilogwood necochineal.

Eli ziko leColour and Textiles Gallery of the Colour Museum libonisa inkqubo efunekayo namhlanje ukuze udaye amalaphu enziweyo afana nerayon. Irayon eyenziwe ngelaphu elinjengesilika, lelona lixhaphakileyo kumalaphu asetyenziswayo, yaye laveliswa ukuze lithengiswe ngowe-1905. Eli laphu ngokwemichiza linjengomqhaphu yaye zonke iidayi ezazikho ngelo xesha zazisetyenziswa. Noko ke, zininzi iidayi eziye zenziwa ukulungiselela amalaphu enziwayo afana neacetate rayon, ipolyester, inylon neacrylics.

Ubunzima Bokugcina Umbala

Xa sithenga iimpahla sifuna ukuba zingaphumi umbala. Eneneni, iimpahla ezininzi ziphela sele zimbatsha lilanga nangenxa yokuhlanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngakumbi ukuba kusetyenziswa imichiza yokuhlamba impahla. Ukuhlala kombala elaphini kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezingene ngayo iimolekyuli zedayi kwelo laphu. Xa impahla ihlanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo imichiza esetyenziswa ekususeni amabala yahlukanisa idayi empahleni kuze oko kuphelise ibala. Abavelisi bedayi bayaqinisekisa enoba idayi yabo ayisayi kumbatsha xa impahla itshiswe lilanga, ihlanjwa, ifakwa imichiza yokuhlamba iimpahla naxa ibilelwe.

Utyelelo lwethu luye kwasenza saqiniseka ngohlobo lwelaphu iimpahla zethu ezenziwe ngalo. Okubaluleke nangakumbi kukuba, siye safunda ngamatile-tile aye enziwa ukuqiniseka ukuba iimpahla zethu zigcina umbala wazo nkqu nasemva kokuhlanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 24]

Iifoto 1-4: Zisuka kwiColour Museum, Bradford (www.colour-experience.org)

[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 25]

Ifoto 5: Zisuka kwiColour Museum, Bradford (www.colour-experience.org); Ifoto 6: Zivela kwiClariant International Ltd., Switzerland