Kutheni Emaninzi Kangaka Amahlwempu Kwihlabathi Lezinhanha?
UYESU KRISTU wathi kwinkulungwane yokuqala: “Amahlwempu nisoloko nikunye nawo.” (Mateyu 26:11) Ukususela ngemihla kaYesu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bekusoloko kukho amahlwempu amaninzi. Kodwa kutheni ubuhlwempu buthwaxa abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi elinobutyebi obungaka?
Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ubuhlwempu bungumphumo wezigqibo zobuyatha. Oku kunokuba yinyaniso kwezinye iimeko. Abantu abakhetha ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, bazinkcinkce ngotywala baze bangcakaze balahlekelwa zizinto zabo eziphathekayo. Kodwa asinguye wonk’ ubani oxhwithwa yintlupheko ngenxa yezigqibo ezingezozabulumko.
Abantu baye balahlekelwe yimisebenzi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamashishini. Abanye baye balahlekelwa yimali ngenxa yokuntinga kwamaxabiso ezonyango. Kanti kukho namawaka ezigidi zabantu abahluphekayo kumazwe asakhasayo. Uninzi lwaba bantu aluzibangelanga ngokwalo ukuba lube ngamahlwempu. Ngokuqhelekileyo unozala wobuhlwempu ungaphaya kwamandla awo, njengoko oku kulandelayo kubonisa.
Isifundo Kwimbali
Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1930, ihlabathi langena alavela nangonwele kumgxobhozo weengxaki zemali owawubizwa ngokuba kukuDodobala Kwezoqoqosho. Kwelinye ilizwe izigidi zaphelelwa yimisebenzi yaye amakhulu amawaka eentsapho ayengenalo ikhusi. Kodwa nakuba kwabaninzi izisu zazithe nca emqolo, amafama alahla ubisi oluninzi yaye urhulumente wanyanzelisa amafama ukuba abulale imfuyo eninzi.
Ngaba wayengayiboni ilahleko engaka? Abarhwebi bagunyazisa ukuba ukutya kuthengiswe ngemali engaphezu kwaleyo isetyenziswe ngabalimi ukuze kubekho ingeniso. Ubisi, inyama nokutya okuziinkozo kwakuyinto ebalulekileyo kumahlwempu. Kodwa xa oku kutya kungazange kuthengwe ukuze kufunyanwe ingeniso, kwaphelelwa lixabiso yaye kwafuneka kulahlwe.
Kwabakho izidubedube ngenxa yokutya kwizixeko ezininzi. Abanye abemi, ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali yokuthengela iintsapho zabo ukutya, baxhomis’ abantu ngemipu ukuze bafumane ukutya. Abanye babhuqwa linxele likaKhetsekile. Ezo ziganeko zenzeka eUnited States. Ngasekuqaleni kwexesha lokuDodobala Kwezoqoqosho, inkqubo yezorhwebo kwelo lizwe yayingenakubenzela nto abantu abanemivuzo emincinane. Kunokuqinisekisa abemi ngezinto ezibalulekileyo njengokutya, ikhusi nomsebenzi, le nkqubo yezorhwebo yazibona ezi zinto njengento engenamsebenzi kwinkqubela yalo yezorhwebo.
Imeko Namhlanje
Ixesha lokuDodobala Kwezoqoqosho ladlula yaye abantu abaninzi babonakala bezizinhanha yaye benqabisekile kunangaphambili. Kobo butyebi, amahlwempu anamathuba ambalwa okuphucula ubomi bawo. Ezindabeni sichazelwa ngendlala nobuhlwempu umhla nezolo kangangokuba ezo ndaba sele zilizothe kwabanye. Noko ke, xa iimbacu zithwaxwa yindlala ngenxa yemfazwe, xa ukutya kubola koovimba ngenxa yeencuku zobupolitika, xa iimarike zinyusa amaxabiso ezinto eziyimfuneko ebomini nokuze zingafunyanwa ngamahlwempu, sizibonela ngawethu ukungasiwa so kwabona bantu bangenakuzenzela nto. Inkqubo yezorhwebo iwaphose kwesinomhlwa amahlwempu azizigidi.
Enyanisweni, ayikho inkqubo yabantu yezorhwebo eye yanelisa iimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo zabo bonke abantu. Kwiinkulungwane ezinokuba ngama-30 ezadlulayo, indoda eyayineliso elibukhali ngobomi yafikelela kwesi sigqibo: “Ndabuya ke ndazibona zonke izenzo zengcinezelo ezenziwayo phantsi kwelanga, yaye, khangela! iinyembezi zabo bacinezelweyo, kodwa bengenamthuthuzeli; yaye kwicala labacinezeli kwakukho amandla, khon’ ukuze bangabi namthuthuzeli.” (INtshumayeli 4:1) Kule minyaka yendyebo, isekho ngamandla ingcinezelo yezoqoqosho.
Kwizigidi zabantu namhlanje, amathemba okunyulwa kumgxobhozo wobuhlwempu amfiliba. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abaninzi baye bafunda iindlela zokuphumelela kwiingxaki zemali. Nabo, bakhangele phambili kubomi obubhetele kwixesha elizayo.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 5]
Umgudu Wokuphila
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Working Poor—Invisible in America, uDavid K. Shipler, ongumbhali nokwayintatheli, usithela thsuphe ngendlela abanye abantu baseUnited States abasesichengeni sokuba ngamahlwempu. Uthi: “Ukuhlala kwindlu elibhodlo kunokwenza imeko yomntwana onesifo sesifuba ibe mandundu, nto leyo enokwenza kubizwe inqwelo yezigulana, phofu kuba nayo ingezi simahla, isenokungahlawulwa, oku kwenza abantu beli khaya bangakwazi ukuthenga izinto ngetyala, oko kunyusa imali eyinzala kwimoto ehlawulwayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuthengwe imoto esenokonakala, le moto yenze umama weli khaya angafiki ngexesha emsebenzini, ngenxa yoko anganyuselwa ukuze afumane umvuzo obhetele, nto leyo emenza aqhubeke ehlala kwindlu elibhodlo.” Lo mntwana nonina baphila obu bomi bunzima kwelona lizwe lezinhanha.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 6]
Ngaba Ukuba Neminqweno Elungileyo Kwanele?
NgoNovemba 1993, kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente zaseWashington, D. C., iqela lezithwala-ndwe lalizama ukulungisa ingxaki enzulu. Kukho isityhwentywe seedola, ezi zithwala-ndwe zazifuna ukwakhela abantu baseUnited States izindlu. Njengokuba zazishukuxa lo mba, amapolisa, abacimi-mlilo naboncedo lokuqala benqwelo yezigulana bagxalathelana kwindawo yokumisa iibhasi ngaphesheya kwesitrato. Inqwelo yezigulana yayize kuphuthuma umzimba webhinqa elingenakhaya. Lalifele kanye phambi kwezakhiwo zeU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), isebe likarhulumente lokunceda abantu abangenamakhaya.
Intatheli yeThe New York Times kamva yadlan’ indlebe nomqeshwa weHUD, owathetha ngobuninzi babantu boncedo olungxamisekileyo nezithuthi ezazilapho. Wathi: “Iyamangalisa indlela umntu ancedwa ngayo akuba efile—kodwa xa ephila akafumani nempunde.”
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 4, 5]
Umama oyimbacu nabantwana bakhe abathathu ngexesha lokuDodobala Kwezoqoqosho ngeminyaka yee-1930
[Inkcazelo]
Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6, 7]
Kwimizi-mveliso enjengale, ngokuqhelekileyo umvuzo uba zii-R100 ngenyanga yaye abasebenzi balapha banyanzelekile ukuba basebenze iiyure ezingama-70 ngeveki
[Inkcazelo]
© Fernando Moleres/Panos Pictures