Inyathi YaseYurophu—Yahlangulwa Ekutshatyalalisweni

NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EPOLAND

Abazingeli babevuya gqitha. Bawubona umkhondo wesilwanyana ekwakukudala besifuna. Balandela loo mkhondo de basifumana ekugqibeleni. Sasinombala omdaka neendevu ezimnyama. Sineempondo ezigobileyo. Inyama nesikhumba saso zazithandwa gqitha, nto leyo yayibangela abazingeli bafumane isityhwentywe semali.

Abazingeli basidubula esi silwanyana saza senzakala. Sabaleka saya kuzimela ehlathini, kodwa basisukela basifumana. Badubula okwesibini basosela saya kuthi tywa phantsi. Aba bazingeli babengazi ukuba eso siganeko siya kuhlala sikhunjulwa. Esi siganeko senzeka ngoAprili 1919, yaye aba bazingeli babegqiba kubulala eyokugqibela kuhlobo lweenyathi zaseYurophu kwelo lasePoland. Noko ke, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngeloo xesha olu hlobo lwenyathi lwalusekho kwiindawo zokugcina izilwanyana.

EKUQALENI, iinyathi zaseYurophu zazininzi kakhulu kwelo lizwekazi. Inkunzi yayo endala inobunzima obufikelela kuma-900 eekhilogram yaye iziimitha ezimbini ukuphakama. Ezi zilwanyana zibizwa ngokuba ziinkosi zasendle.

Umzimba wesi silwanyana awulingani. Amanqina aso angaphambili akalingani nawangasemva. Sinamagxa abanzi nelunda elikhulu yaye umva waso mncinane xa uthelekiswa nomphambili. Ngasemva, sinoboya obufutshane size ngaphambili sibe noboya obufukufuku neentshebe ende.

Zisecicini Lokuphela

Kuthelekelelwa ukuba namhlanje zimbalwa iinyathi zaseYurophu ezisaseleyo. Iindawo ezihlala kuzo zicuthwe kukulima nokupheliswa kwamahlathi, kanti zigqitywa nangabazingeli. Ngenkulungwane yesibhozo, zazisele ziphelile iinyathi zaseYurophu eGaul (ngoku eyiFransi neBelgium).

Ngenkulungwane ye-16, ookumkani basePoland benza iinzame zokukhusela ezi nyathi. Owokuqala kwaba kumkani nguSigismund II Augustus owamisela umthetho wokuba umntu obulele inyathi yaseYurophu uya kugwetyelwa ukufa. Ngoba? Ngokutsho kukaGqr. Zbigniew Krasiński weBiałowieza National Park, “injongo yayikukulondoloza ezi nyathi ukuze zizingelwe ziinkosi namaphakathi azo.” Nangona isigwebo sokungawuthobeli lo mthetho sasiqatha ngaloo ndlela, lo mthetho awuzange uphumelele ekukhuseleni ezi nyathi zasendle yaye ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, inyathi yaseYurophu yayifumaneka kwiHlathi laseBiałowieza nakwimpuma yePoland naseCaucasia kuphela.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iimeko zaqalisa ukutshintsha. Emva kokuba iHlathi laseBiałowieza liwele phantsi koBukhosi baseRashiya, uMlawuli uAlexander I wamisela umthetho wokuba kukhuselwe inyathi yaseYurophu.

Umahluko wabonakala ngokukhawuleza. Iinyathi zanda, yaye ngowe-1857, kwakukho iinyathi zaseYurophu ezili-1 900 ezazikhuselwe ngurhulumente. Kamva, kwalungiselelwa iindawo ekwakuza kugcinwa kuzo ukutya kokondla iinyathi ebusika. Kwenziwa nemingxunya yokufaka amanzi okusela, yaye kwalungiselelwa nomhlaba wokulima izityalo ezaziza kutyiwa zezi nyathi.

Into ebuhlungu yeyokuba, loo mpatho-ntle yezi zilwanyana yaphelel’ emoyeni. Kwisithuba seminyaka engama-60 kwasala nje ezimalunga nesiqingatha. Ekuqhambukeni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, imeko yezi nyathi yaba mbi nangakumbi ePoland. Nangona iJamani yamisela umthetho “wokulondoloza esi silwanyana singaqhelekanga ukuze sibonwe nazizizukulwana ezizayo,” umkhosi wamaJamani owoyisiweyo wonda ngazo ukanti nomkhosi waseRashiya owawusilwa nawo wazenzela kwezi zilwanyana, ngoxa nabazingeli babengaziphanga thuba. Njengoko kuchaziwe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, inyathi yokugqibela yaseYurophu yabulawa ePoland ngowe-1919.

Iinyathi Ziyavela Kwakhona

Ukuze kuhlangulwe ezi nyathi zingapheli nya, ngowe-1923 kwasekwa i-International Society for the Protection of the European Bison (Umbutho waZwenibanzi Wokukhusela iiNyathi zaseYurophu). Injongo yayo ephambili yayikukubala ukuba zingaphi iinyathi zokoqobo zolu hlobo ezikwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana.a Kwafumaniseka ukuba, iinyathi zaseYurophu ezisekhoyo kula maziko ehlabathini lonke zingama-54. Noko ke, asizizo zonke ezazinokwazi ukuzala. Ezinye zazindala kakhulu ukanti ezinye zazigula. Ekugqibeleni, kwathatyathwa ezili-12 ukuze kwandiswe iinyathi. Kuthiwa kwasetyenziswa ezi-5 ukuze kuveliswe uhlobo lweenyathi ezifumaneka kumazantsi eYurophu.

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1929, iinyathi zaseYurophu ezimbini zaphindiselwa ehlathini. Zasiwa kwindawo ezaziyilungiselelwe kwiHlathi laseBiałowieza. Emva kweminyaka eli-10 inani lazo landa laya kutsho kwi-16.

Ngaba Zihlangulwe Ekutshatyalalisweni?

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, kwakusele kukho ngaphezu kwama-2 900 eenyathi zaseYurophu emhlabeni wonke. Ezingama-700 zazisePoland. Kangangeminyaka, kuye kwafunyanwa ezinye iinyathi eBelarus, eKyrgyzstan, eLithuania, eRashiya naseUkraine.

Kodwa oku akuthethi kuthi ezi nyathi zaseYurophu azikho sengozini. Zisesengozini ngenxa yezinambuzane, izifo, ukunqongophala kokutya namanzi nabazingeli. Kukho nengxaki yokuba ezinye zizalwa zigula. Ngenxa yoku, iinyathi zaseYurophu zisesengozini.

Imizamo yokulondoloza ezi nyathi ibangele ukuba ziqhubeke zikho de kube namhlanje. UGqr. Krasiński, ocatshulwe ngaphambilana uthi, “oku kwenzeka kwinyathi yaseYurophu kubonisa ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwesilwanyana lunokutshayelwa kuthi tu ngexeshana nje elingephi ukanti xa kusenziwa imigudu eso silwanyana sinokuphinda sihlangulwe.” Ikamva lezi zilwanyana nezinye, limfiliba. Kodwa okwangoku ezi “nkosi zasendle” ziye zahlangulwa ekutshatyalalisweni.

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[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10]

Inyathi yaseYurophu kwiBiałowieza National Park

[Inkcazelo]

All photos: Białowieski Park Narodowy