Ukutyeba Ngokugqithiseleyo Kwabantwana—Yintoni Enokwenziwa?
KUXHAPHAKE kakhulu ukubona abantwana abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo kumazwe amaninzi. IWorld Health Organization ithi, emhlabeni wonke kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-22 ezigidi zabantwana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala zityebile.
Uhlolisiso oluye lwenziwa eSpeyin lwabonisa ukuba umntwana omnye kwabathathu utyebile okanye utyebe ngokugqithiseleyo. Kwiminyaka nje elishumi (1985-1995), inani labantwana abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo liye laphindwa kathathu eOstreliya. Kumashumi amathathu eminyaka, inani labantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-11 ubudala abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo liye laphindaphindwa kathathu eUnited States.
Inani labantwana abatyebe ngokugqithisileyo liya lisanda nakumazwe asakhasayo. Ngokutsho kweInternational Obesity Task Force, kweminye imimandla yaseAfrika baninzi abantwana abanengxaki yokutyeba ngokugqithisileyo kunabo banengxaki yokungondleki. Ngowama-2007, iMexico yaba kwindawo yesibini emhlabeni, emva kweUnited States, enabantwana abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo. Kuthiwa kwisiXeko saseMexico sodwa, ama-70 ekhulwini abantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo batyebile okanye batyebe ngokugqithiseleyo. Ugqirha wabantwana, uGqr. Francisco González walumkisa ngelithi esi inokuba “sisizukulwana sokuqala esiza kufa kuqala kunabazali baso ngenxa yeengxaki ezibangelwa kukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo.”
Ziziphi ezo ngxaki? Sisifo seswekile, uxinezeleko lwegazi (high blood pressure), nesifo sentliziyo. Ezi ziingxaki ngokuqhelekileyo ezidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abadala. Ngokutsho kweU.S. Institute of Medicine, ama-30 ekhulwini abafana nama-40 ekhulwini amantombazana azalwa eUnited States ngowama-2000, asengozini yokuba nesifo seswekile (type 2 diabetes) esinokubangelwa kukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo.
Uhlolisiso lubonisa eyona nto yothusayo kubantwana. Ukunyuka kwamanani abantwana abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamanani abantwana abanoxinezeleko lwegazi. “Ngaphandle kokuba eli nani lithothiswe, sisenokujamelana nenani elikhulu lolutsha nabantu abadala abanesifo sentliziyo,” walumkisa ngelitshoyo uGqr. Rebecca Din-Dzietham weMorehouse School of Medicine, eAtlanta, eGeorgia.
Izinto Ezingunobangela
Yintoni ebangela abantwana batyebe ngokugqithiseleyo emhlabeni wonke? Ngoxa umzila wemfuza unokuba ngomnye unobangela, inani labantwana abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje liye latyhila ukuba imfuza asinguwo kuphela unobangela. UStephen O’Rahilly ongunjingalwazi wamachiza namayeza kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge eNgilani, wathi: “Asingomzila wemfuza ongunobangela wokutyeba ngokugqithisileyo. Asinako ukuguqula umzila wemfuza yethu kwiminyaka engama-30.”
Ithetha ngoonobangela, iMayo Clinic, eseUnited States, ithi: “Nangona ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kwabantwana kunokubangelwa yimizila yemfuza nangamadlala, ubukhulu becala kubangelwa kukutya kakhulu nokungazilolongi.” Le mizekelo mibini ilandelayo iza kutyhila indlela abantu abatya ngayo namhlanje.
Okokuqala, njengokuba abazali abasebenzayo bengenalo ixesha lokupheka, kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuthenga ukutya ekusele kuphekiwe kakade. Iindawo zokutyela ezithengisa ukutya zikho emhlabeni wonke. Olunye uphando lwathi, phantse umntwana omnye kwabathathu eUnited States abaneminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala, bathenga ukutya okusele kuphekiwe mihla le. Oko kutya kudla ngokuba neswekile namafutha amaninzi yaye kudla ngokuphakwa kakhulu.
Okwesibini, iziselo ezihlwahlwazayo ziye zathabathel’ indawo ubisi namanzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngonyaka abantu baseMexico bathenga kakhulu iziselo ezihlwahlwazayo, ingakumbi icola, kunokutya okuyimfuneko. Ngokutsho kwencwadi ethi Overcoming Childhood Obesity, ukusela isiselo esihlwahlwazayo esinye esiziimilimitha ezingama-600 ngosuku, kunokubangela umntu atyebe ngeekhilogram ezinokuba li-11 ngonyaka!
Ngenxa yokungazilolongi, uphando olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseGlasgow eScotland lwafumanisa ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka emithathu badlala malunga nama-20 emizuzu ngosuku. Ethetha ngolo hlolisiso, uGqr. James Hill, okwangunjingalwazi wezifo zabantwana namayeza weYunivesithi yaseColorado wathi: “Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kwabantwana baseUnited Kingdom asinto ingaqhelekanga, kuxhaphakile nakwamanye amazwe.”
Siyintoni Isicombululo?
Iingcali zokutya azikuvumeli ukuba abantwana bavinjwe ukutya, nto leyo enokuchaphazela indlela abakhula ngayo nempilo yabo. Kunoko, iMayo Clinic ithi: “Eyona nto enokunceda umntwana wakho angatyebi kukuphucula uhlobo lokutya akutyayo nokuzilolonga kwentsapho yakho yonke.”—Funda ibhokisi esecaleni.
Yenza iinzame zokuhlala nisempilweni njengentsapho. Ukuba wenjenjalo, kuya kuba lula ngabantwana ukutya ngokusempilweni naxa sele bebadala.
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YINTONI ENOKWENZIWA NGABAZALI?
1 Thenga uze ubatyise kakhulu iziqhamo nemifuno endaweni yokutya okufumana sele kuphekiwe.
2 Thothisa iziselo ezihlwahlwazayo nokutya okuneswekile namafutha amaninzi. Endaweni yazo, unokubanika amanzi okanye ubisi olungenamafutha kakhulu nokunye ukutya okulula okusempilweni.
3 Xa upheka ukutya musa ukugalela amafutha amaninzi njengaxa uqhotsa, kodwa kubhake, ukose okanye ukubilise.
4 Phaka kancinane.
5 Kuphephe ukusebenzisa ukutya njengomvuzo okanye ukunyoba.
6 Ungabavumeli abantwana bangatyi ekuseni. Ukungatyi ekuseni kunokubangela batye kakhulu ekuhambeni kwemini.
7 Hlalani etafileni xa nisitya. Ukutya phambi kukamabonwakude okanye kwekhompyutha kunokubangela utye kakhulu uze uzive ungahluthanga.
8 Bakhuthaze ukuba bazilolonge, njengokuqhuba ibhayisekile, ukudlala ibhola nokutsiba ugqaphu.
9 Linciphise ixesha lokubukela umabonwakude, ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha nokudlala imidlalo yevidiyo.
10 Zikhupheni njengentsapho, niye kwindawo yokugcina izilwanyana, niqubhe okanye nidlale epakini.
11 Babele imisebenzi eza kushukumisa igazi abantwana bakho.
12 Bamisele umzekelo ngokutya ngokusempilweni uze uzilolonge.
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Sources: The National Institutes of Health and the Mayo Clinic