Ukulima Iiorchids—Indlela Okunceda Ngayo Ukuba Nomonde

UKULIMA iiorchids unokude ukuthande. Abo bazithandayo bachitha iiyure befunda amagama azo esiLatini ukuze bakwazi ukuzibiza kakuhle. Kutheni abantu bezithanda kangaka nje iiorchids?

Iiorchids ziziindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Zingama-25 000 iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo eziye zabonwa endle yaye imibutho esemthethweni iye yabona ezili-100 000 eziphuma kwimbewu engumxube! Ukuthi “ziphuma kwimbewu engumxube” akuthethi kuthi abalimi bazivelise ngomhlaba, ngamanzi nangomoya. Kunoko, zivele ngenxa yokudityaniswa komungu.

Zonke iiorchids, ezo ziziveleleyo nezo zilinywe ngabantu zikhula ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kukho iiorchids ezincinane kakhulu ezibonwa bhetele ngeglasi yokujonga izinto ezincinane kakhulu, ukanti zikho nezinye ezivela kakuhle efestileni. Enye iorchid ekhula kwihlathi elixineneyo laseIndonesia inokuba nobunzima obungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-500!

Iiorchids zinemibala embejembeje yaye zimile ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zifana neenyosi, amavivingane neentaka kanti ezinye azifani nayo nantoni na owakha wayibona ngaphambili ibe ezo zezona zinomtsalane ingakumbi kwabo bazilimayo. Kwiminyaka emininzi edluleyo ibisiba ngabantu abanemali kuphela abanezi ntyatyambo zintle kodwa ngoku nabo batsala nzima bayakwazi ukuzifumana. Makhe sibone ukuba zivela phi ezi orchids sinazo namhlanje.

Okubangel’ Umdla “Ngokulima Iiorchids”

Kuqengqeleke iinkulungwane eziliqela abantu bezithanda iiorchids kodwa abalimi basandul’ ukuyifunda eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokuzilima. Ngowe-1856 kwadubula iorchid yokuqala eyayilinywe ngembewu engumxube. Kodwa ke, ukulima ezi ntyatyambo zintle kangaka kungumsebenzi.

Iimbewu zeeorchids zincinane—ezinye zifana nothuli. Ukusebenza ngembewu encinane kangako kunzima kodwa owona msebenzi kukuyikhulisa. Kuqengqeleke amashumi eminyaka abalimi begalela izinto, bezama nezona meko zifanelekileyo zokukhulisa le mbewu. Ngowe-1922, uGqr. Lewis Knudson, osisazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseCornell eUnited States, wafumanisa ukuba le mbewu ikhula bhetele xa ifakwe kumxube wamanzi, iswekile nentlaka (ethathwe kwizityalo zaselwandle). Ngokukhawuleza emva koko abo bazithandayo babelima iiorchids ngembewu engumxube. Lo “mdla kwiiorchids” waqhubeka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba nyaka ngamnye zibe ninzi iiorchids ezivele kwimbewu engumxube.

Kude kudala, abantu bengekaqali kwaukuzilima, iiorchids zazisele zizikhulela endle. Iimbewu zikwazi njani ukuxubana ekubeni iiorchids zizikhulela endle?

Iiorchids Zasendle

Xa iintlobo ezimbini nangaphezulu zeeorchids ezibufana, ezikhula ndawonye kuyenzeka ukuba iimbewu zazo zixubane. Kwindalo, izinambuzane nezinye izilwanyana zithutha umungu. Xa isinambuzane sifuna incindi kwiiorchids, umungu unamathela kuso size siwufudusele kwezinye iintyatyambo. Iiorchids ezinalo mungu ziyachuma. Ezi ntyatyambo zivelisa imidumba.

Emva kwethutyana, le midumba iyagqabhuka kuze kuphume amawakawaka okanye izigidi ngezigidi zeembewu. Enye iwela emhlabeni ngoxa enye iphephetheka nomoya. Kunzima ukuba ikhule le mbewu yaye akufane kwenzeke ukuba ikhule. Ezikhula ngokufuduswa komungu zize zichume ngenxa yaloo nto kuthiwa zizivelele. Kodwa zilinywa njani iiorchids zembewu engumxube?

Ukuxuba Imbewu

Iorchid ephuma kwimbewu engumxube ineempawu zeentyatyambo evela kuzo imbewu. Yiloo nto ebangela umlimi aqale acinge ngohlobo lwembewu afuna ukuluvelisa. Usenokuba ufuna umbala, imigca okanye amachaphaza athile. Kusenokwenzeka ufuna ukudibanisa zonke ezo mpawu kwintyatyambo encinane okanye enkulu. Ivumba nalo libalulekile. Ecinga ngezo zinto kanye, umlimi ukhetha iiorchids ezimbini eziza kuvelisa kanye le nto ayifunayo. Ngokomzekelo umlimi unokuthi phakathi kwezininzi anokuzisebenzisa akhethe islipper orchid (ipaphiopedilum armeniacum). Olu hlobo lweorchid lwabonwa eTshayina ngowe-1979. Imbewu yalo idla ngokufakelela umbala omhle obumthubirha xa ixutywe nezinye.

Emva kokuba umlimi ezifumene iintyatyambo ezimbini aza kuzisebenzisa, uye awususe wonke umungu ofumaneka kumdumba wentyatyambo enye, aze endaweni yawo agalele owenye. Iorchid evelisa umungu kuthiwa ingunozala. Esebenzisa umcinga okanye isixhobo esifanayo, umlimi uye awususe umungu aze awuqabe kwimidumba yenye intyatyambo. Uye abhale amagama ezi ntyatyambo zombini nosuku awuqabe ngalo umungu kule orchid.

Kunyanzelekile Ukuba Ube Nomonde

Xa ichuma, kwenzeka into emangalisayo kwintyatyambo enemidumba. Kukho imisonto ephuma ezantsi kule ntyatyambo isiya kwindawo echumayo. Iyavuleka kuze kubekho imidumba. Kule midumba kuvela imbewu edibana nomungu. Kusenokuthatha iinyanga okanye unyaka ngaphambi kokuba ichume le midumba. Kungelo xesha kanye apho umlimi aye aqokelele yonke imbewu ekule midumba. Uye ayifake kwibhotile ecocekileyo enomxube wentlaka nezondlo. Ukuba le mbewu iyantshula, kuvela iiorchids ezifana nengca eluhlaza yaka.

Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, umlimi uyazikhupha ezi zithole azifake embizeni. Uzinkcenkceshela rhoqo ezi zithole ukuze zingomi. Emva kwethutyana, umlimi uthatha iiorchids aye kuzifaka kwiimbiza ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ufuneka ngeli xesha kanye umonde. Kusenokuthatha iminyaka embalwa ukuya kwelishumi ngaphambi kokuba zichume iiorchids.

Unokuyithelekelela indlela avakalelwa ngayo umlimi xa ebona iorchid ayisebenzele nzima ichuma! Ukuba luhlobo olutsha lwentyatyambo eveliswe ngembewu engumxube, umlimi umele akhethe igama aza kuyinika lona. Zonke ezinye iintyatyambo eziveliswe kusetyenziswa lo mxube ziya kubizwa kwangeli gama linye.

Ngamanye amaxesha umlimi usenokufumana umxube wembewu oza kuvelisa iintyatyambo ezithi ndijonge kwabo bazithandayo iiorchids. Unokufumana imbasa ibe zinokuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu iintyatyambo zakhe ezintle. Kodwa ke, ngaphandle kwemali aza kuyifumana, umlimi uvuyiswa kukubona ukuchuma kweorchid ephuma kwimbewu ayixube ngokwakhe.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba kuthathe ixesha elide nokuncekelela ngaphambi kokuvela kweeorchids ezintle nozithandayo. Kodwa ukulima kwabantu iiorchids ngembewu engumxube akuthathi nto xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi owenziwe nguMdali ozukileyo owenze zonke izinto eziphilayo, uYehova. Nguye ofake imizila yemfuza kwintyatyambo nganye, nto leyo evelise ezi ntyatyambo zintle kangaka. Thina nje sibona uthando lwakhe xa sibukele iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeeorchids eziphuma kwimbewu engumxube. Ayinene amazwi awabhalwa ngumdumisi uDavide xa wathi: “Hayi indlela emininzi ngayo imisebenzi yakho, Yehova! Yonke uyenze ngobulumko. Uzele umhlaba yimveliso yakho.”—INdumiso 104:24.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]

I-“Beallara” hybrid

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 17]

I-“Doritaenopsis” hybrid

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 18]

I-“Brassidium” hybrid