Izifundo Ezisekelwe KwiZibhalo Eziphefumlelweyo Nemvelaphi Yazo

Isifundo 8—Iingenelo Ze- “New World Translation”

Apha kuxutyushwa ngolwimi lwayo lwanamhla, ukuvisisana kwayo, ukuguqulela kwayo ngenyameko izenzi nokulivakalisa kwayo ngokucacileyo iLizwi likaThixo eliphefumlelweyo.

1. (a) Luluphi utyekelo iNew World Translation elulungisayo, yaye njani? (b) NgesiNgesi, kutheni le nto kusetyenziswa igama elithi Jehovah kunelithi Yahweh okanye olunye uhlobo lwelo gama?

KWIMINYAKA yakutshanje kuye kwapapashwa iinguqulelo ezininzi zanamhla zeBhayibhile eziye zaluncedo kanobom ekuncedeni abathandi beLizwi likaThixo ukuba bayifumane ngokukhawuleza ingcamango yemibhalo yantlandlolo. Phofu ke, iinguqulelo ezininzi ziye zakuyeka ukusebenzisa igama likaThixo kwingxelo engcwele. Kwelinye icala, iNew World Translation iyalizukisa ibe iyalihlonela igama elifanelekileyo loThixo Osenyangweni ngokulibuyisela kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo emibhalweni. Ngoku eli gama livela izihlandlo ezingama-6 973 kwicandelo leZibhalo zesiHebhere, kwanezihlandlo ezingama-237 kwicandelo leZibhalo zesiGrike, nto leyo ethetha ukuba livela izihlandlo ezingama-7 210 xa zizonke. Igama elithi Yahweh lamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabaphengululi abangamaHebhere, kodwa indlela eqinisekileyo yokulibiza ngoku ayaziwa. Ngoko ke, elesiLatini elithi Jehovah liyaqhubeka lisetyenziswa kuba belisetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ibe lelona lamkelwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengenguqulelo yesiNgesi yeTetragrammaton, okanye igama lesiHebhere elinoonobumba abane abangaba יהוה. Umphengululi ongumHebhere uR. H. Pfeiffer waphawula oku: “Enoba kungathiwani na ngemvelaphi yalo engaziwayo, igama elithi ‘Jehovah’ lihleli liyindlela efanelekileyo yesiNgesi yokuguqulela uYahweh ibe lifanele lihlale linjalo.”a

2. (a) Ngaba zikho iinguqulelo ezandulela ukubuyisela igama likaThixo kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike? (b) Ngaloo ndlela xkukuphi ukuthandabuza okushenxiswayo?

² INew World Translation asiyonguqulelo yokuqala ukubuyisela igama likaThixo kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike. Ubuncinane ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-14 kuse phambili, abaguquleli abaninzi baye banoluvo lokuba banyanzelekile ukulibuyisela igama likaThixo emibhalweni, ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho ababhali beZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike bacaphula kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere ezinegama likaThixo. Iinguqulelo ezininzi zabavangeli ezibhalwe ngeelwimi zanamhla, kuquka iinguqulelo zeZibhalo zesiGrike zaseAfrika, ezaseAsiya, ezaseMerika neziqithi zePasifiki, zisebenzisa igama elithi Yehova ngokukhululekileyo, njengokuba zisenjenjalo nezinye zeenguqulelo zeelwimi zaseYurophu. Nayiphi na indawo elikuyo igama likaThixo, ayisathandatyuzwa nje kwaphela into yokuba yiyiphi “inkosi” ekubhekiselwa kuyo. YiNkosi yezulu nomhlaba, uYehova, egama layo lingcwaliswayo ngokugcinwa likhethekile kwaye licacile kwiNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.b

3. INew World Translation inceda ngayiphi indlela ukudlulisela amandla, ukufaneleka nengcamango yemibhalo yantlandlolo?

³ INew World Translation yongezelela ekulingcwaliseni ngakumbi igama likaYehova ngokudlulisela iZibhalo zakhe eziphefumlelweyo ngolwimi olucacileyo noluqondakalayo oluyenza icace injongo yazo kwingqondo yomfundi. Isebenzisa ulwimi olulula nolwanamhla, ivisisana kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindlela eguqulela ngayo, idlulisela ngokuchanileyo isenzo okanye imilo evakaliswa kwizenzi zesiHebhere nezesiGrike, ibe yenza umahluko phakathi kokusebenzisa kwayo isimelabizo esikwisininzi nesikwisinye esithi “you” (wena/nina) naxa isebenzisa isenzi esikuhlobo lokuyalela kwindawo umongo ongakwenzi kucace oku. Ngezi ndlela nangezinye, iNew World Translation iphuhlisa amandla, ukufaneleka nentsingiselo yemibhalo yantlandlolo ngentetho yanamhla, kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

IGUQULELWE NGOLWIMI LWANAMHLA

4. (a) Yiyiphi injongo ephakamileyo omnye umguquleli weBhayibhile wamandulo awayivakalisayo? (b) Yintoni eye yaba yimfuneko ngokuhamba kwexesha?

⁴ Iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile ezindala zinamagama amaninzi angasasetyenziswayo lawo ayesetyenziswa ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17. Nangona engaqondwa ngoku, ayeqondwa ngokulula ngelo xesha. Ngokomzekelo, enye indoda eyaba negalelo elikhulu ekuwabhaleni kwiBhayibhile yesiNgesi yayinguWilliam Tyndale, ekuthiwa wathi kolunye lweentshaba zakhe zonqulo: ‘Ukuba uThixo angandigcina ndiphila, kungeminyaka mininzi ndakuyibangela inkwenkwe ebamba ikhuba yazi iZibhalo ngaphezu kwakho.’ Inguqulelo kaTyndale yeZibhalo zesiGrike yayilula ngokwaneleyo ukuba inkwenkwe ebamba ikhuba iyiqonde ngexesha lakhe. Noko ke, amagama amaninzi awawasebenzisayo ngoku aphelelwe lixesha, kangangokuba ‘inkwenkwe ebamba ikhuba’ ayisenakuyiqonda ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yamagama amaninzi kwinguqulelo kaKing James nezinye iinguqulelo ezindala zeBhayibhile. Ngaloo ndlela, kuye kwayimfuneko ukushenxisa ulwimi olungacacanga noluphelelwe lixesha kuze kubuyiselwe iBhayibhile kulwimi oluqhelekileyo noluthethwa ngumntu oqhelekileyo.

5. IBhayibhile ifanele ivele ngaluphi ulwimi, ibe ngoba?

⁵ Yayilulwimi oluthethwa ngumntu oqhelekileyo olwasetyenziswayo ekubhaleni iZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo. Abapostile namanye amaKristu okuqala ayengasebenzisi isiGrike samandulo esasintsonkothile nesasithethwa zizithandi-bulumko ezinjengoPlato. Ayesebenzisa isiGrike esasithethwa mihla le, oko kukuthi, isiKoine, okanye isiGrike esiqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iZibhalo zesiGrike, njengeZibhalo zesiHebhere ezabhalwa ngaphambi kwazo, zabhalwa ngolwimi olwaluthethwa ngabantu. Ngoko, kubaluleke gqitha ukuba iinguqulelo zeZibhalo zantlandlolo nazo zifanele zibe ngolwimi oluthethwa ngabantu, ukuze ziqondwe ngokulula. Kungenxa yesi sizathu le nto iNew World Translation ingasebenzisi ulwimi olungasaziwayo olwaluthethwa kwiinkulungwane ezintathu okanye ezine ezadlulayo, koko isebenzisa intetho yanamhla ecacileyo nethethwayo khon’ ukuze abafundi babe baya kukuqonda ngokulula oko iBhayibhile ikuthethayo.

6. Zekelisa ingenelo yokusebenzisa amabinzana aziwayo ngoku kunokusebenzisa amagama aphelelwe lixesha.

⁶ Ukukubonisa nje umlinganiselo oluguquke ngawo ulwimi lwesiNgesi ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-17 kuse kwinkulungwane yama-20, phawula le ndlela ilandelayo ethelekiswa ngayo iKing James Version neNew World Translation. Igama elithi “suffered” kwiKing James Version liba lelithi “allowed” kwiNew World Translation (Gen. 31:7), elithi “was bolled” liba lelithi “had flower buds” (Eks. 9:31), elithi “spoilers” liba lelithi “pillagers” (ABagwe. 2:14), elithi “ear his ground” liba lelithi “do his plowing” (1 Sam. 8:12), elithi “when thou prayest” liba lelithi “when you pray” (Mat. 6:6), elithi “sick of the palsy” liba lelithi “paralytic” (Marko 2:3), elithi “quickeneth” liba lelithi “makes . . . alive” (Roma 4:17), elithi “shambles” liba lelithi “meat market” (1 Kor. 10:25), elithi “letteth” liba lelithi “acting as a restraint” (2 Tes. 2:7), njalo njalo. Ngokuphuma koku sinokukuqonda ukuxabiseka kweNew World Translation ekusebenziseni amagama aziwayo ngoku kunokusebenzisa amagama angaziwayo.

UKUVISISANA KWENGUQULELO YAYO

7. INew World Translation ivisisana njani kwindlela eguqulela ngayo?

⁷ INew World Translation yenza yonke imigudu yokuba ivisisane kwindlela eguqulela ngayo. Kwigama lesiHebhere okanye elesiGrike elibhaliweyo, kuye kwasetyenziswa igama elinye lesiNgesi, ibe oku kuye kwasetyenziswa ngokuvisisanayo njengoko ibinzana elithile okanye umongo ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwalo ekuphuhliseni intsingiselo epheleleyo yesiNgesi. Ngokomzekelo, igama lesiHebhere elithi neʹphesh liguqulelwa ngokuvisisanayo ngokuthi “soul” (umphefumlo). Igama lesiGrike elifana neli elithi, psy·kheʹ, liguqulelwa ngokuthi “soul” (umphefumlo) kuzo zonke iindawo elivela kuzo.

8. (a) Nikela imizekelo yoomabizwafane. (b) Oku kuye kwasingathwa njani kule nguqulelo?

⁸ Kwezinye iindawo kuye kwavela ingxaki ngokuguqulelwa koomabizwafane. Kulwimi lwantlandlolo la ngamagama abhalwa ngokufanayo kodwa iintsingiselo zawo ezisisiseko zahlukile. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenzisa igama elinentsingiselo echanileyo xa kuguqulelwa kulucelomngeni. EsiNgesini kukho oomabizwafane abanjengaba “Polish” nelithi “polish” naba “lead” (ukuqhuba iigusha) nelithi “lead” (umbhobho), abhalwa ngendlela efanayo kodwa ingamagama awahluke ngokupheleleyo. Omnye umzekelo weBhayibhile ligama lesiHebhere elithi rav, elimela amagama aneengcambu ezahluke ngokupheleleyo, ibe ngoko ke aguqulelwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiNew World Translation. Eyona ntsingiselo iqhelekileyo yegama elithi rav yethi “-ninzi,” njengakwiEksodus 5:5. Noko ke, igama elithi rav elisetyenziswa kwizibizo, njengaku-“Rabheshake” (Rav-sha·qehʹ, ngesiHebhere) kweyesi-2 yooKumkani 18:17, lithetha “oyintloko,” njengaxa liguqulelwa ngokuthi “igosa eliyintloko lentendelezo” kuDaniyeli 1:3. (Bona kwanoYeremiya 39:3, umbhalo osemazantsi we-NW.) Igama elithi rav, elibhalwa ngendlela efanayo, lithetha “umtoli,” nto leyo ebangele laguqulelwa ngaloo ndlela kuYeremiya 50:29. Iingcaphephe zamagama, njengoL. Koehler noW. Baumgartner, ziye zamkelwa njengezifanelekileyo ngabaguquleli ekwahlulahluleni la magama abhalwa ngendlela efanayo.

9. Omnye umhlalutyi wesiHebhere nesiGrike wayibalaselisa njani iNew World Translation?

⁹ Mayela nale nkalo yokuvisisana, phawula oko umhlalutyi wesiHebhere nesiGrike uAlexander Thomson wakuthethayo ekuhlolisiseni kwakhe iNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures: “Ngokucacileyo le nguqulelo iphuma ezandleni zabaphengululi abanobuchule nabakrelekrele, abaye bafuna ukuphuhlisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ingcamango yokwenene yombhalo wesiGrike kangangoko lunako ulwimi lwesiNgesi. Injongo yale nguqulelo kukusebenzisa intsingiselo enye yesiNgesi kwigama ngalinye lesiGrike, nokuzibeka izinto ngokoqobo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. . . . Ngokuqhelekileyo igama eliguqulelwa ngokuthi ‘gwebela’ ngokubanzi liguqulelwe ngokuchane gqitha ngokuthi ‘vakalisa elilungisa.’ . . . Igama eliguqulelwe ngokuthi uMnqamlezo liguqulelwe ngokuthi ‘umthi wentuthumbo’ nto leyo eyenye indlela ephuculiweyo. . . . ULuka 23:43 uguqulelwe kakuhle, ‘Ngokwenyaniso ndikuxelela oku namhlanje, Uya kuba nam eParadisi.’ Le yindlela ephuculwe kakhulu kunezinye iinguqulelo ezizezona zininzi.” Kwinguqulelo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere, lo mhlalutyi ukwamnye wathi: “INew World Version ngenene sifanele siyifumane. Iyaqondakala kwaye icacile, ibe yenza umfundi acinge aze afundisise. Ayiguqulelwanga ngabaHlalutyi Abaqatha, kodwa ngabaphengululi abahlonela uThixo neLizwi Lakhe.”—IThe Differentiator, ka-Aprili 1952, iphepha 52-7, nekaJuni 1954, iphepha 136.

10. Cacisa indlela ukuvisisana kweNew World Translation okuyiphakamisa ngayo inyaniso yeBhayibhile.

¹⁰ Ukuvisisana kweNew World Translation kuye kwayibangela yagqwesa kwiingxubusho ezininzi zeBhayibhile ezifuna ingqiqo entsimini. Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka ethile eyadlulayo, iqumrhu leengcaphephe ezingakholelwayo elunqulweni eNew York lacela iWatch Tower Society ukuba ithumele izithethi ezibini ziye kuthetha neqela lalo ngemicimbi yeBhayibhile, sicelo eso esamkelwayo. Ezi ngcali zasebenzisa isaci sesiLatini esithi, falsum in uno falsum in toto, esithetha ukuba ingxoxo engqineke ibubuxoki kwingongoma enye ibubuxoki ngokupheleleyo. Ebudeni bengxubusho, enye indoda yacel’ umngeni amaNgqina kaYehova kumbandela wokuthembeka kweBhayibhile. Yacela ukuba kufundwe iGenesis 1:3 bephulaphule bonke, ibe oku kwenziwa, kufundwa iNew World Translation: “Waza uThixo wathi: ‘Makubekho ukukhanya.’ Kwandula ke kwabakho ukukhanya.” Inentembelo, yathi ke makufundwe iGenesis 1:14, ibe nale yafundwa kwiNew World Translation: “Waza uThixo wahlabela mgama esithi: ‘Makubekho izikhanyiso esibhakabhakeni samazulu.’” Yathi, “Khawume kancinane, iphi le nto uyifundayo? IBhayibhile yam ithi uThixo wenza ukukhanya ngosuku lokuqala, ize ibuye ithi nangosuku lwesine, ibe oko akuvisisani.” Nangona yema ngelithi iyasazi isiHebhere, kwafuneka iboniswe ukuba igama lesiHebhere eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “ukukhanya” kwindinyana 3 yayilelithi ʼohr, ngoxa igama elisetyenziswe kwindinyana 14 lalahlukile, njengoko ilelithi ma·ʼohrʹ, elibhekisela kwisikhanyiso, okanye umthombo wokukhanya. Lo mfo uchubekileyo wahlala phantsi edanile.c Ukuvisisana okuthembekileyo kweNew World Translation kwaphumelela, kuphakamisa iBhayibhile njengenokuthenjwa neyingenelo.

UKUGUQULELWA NGENYAMEKO KWEZENZI

11. Yiyiphi inkalo ebalaseleyo yeZibhalo zantlandlolo eye yalondolozwa kwiNew World Translation? Njani?

¹¹ INew World Translation ikuqwalasela ngokukhethekileyo ukudlulisela imo yesenzo kwizenzi zesiGrike nesiHebhere. Ngokwenjenjalo, iNew World Translation izabalazela ukulondoloza umtsalane okhethekileyo, ubulula, amandla nemvakalo yemibhalo yolwimi lwantlandlolo. Ngaloo ndlela kuye kwayimfuneko ukusebenzisa iintsiza-senzi esiNgesini ukuze kudluliselwe ngenyameko iimo zokoqobo zezenzo. Ngenxa yamandla ezenzi zazo, iZibhalo zantlandlolo zinamandla gqitha ibe zisicacisa kakuhle isenzo.

12. (a) Yiyiphi enye indlela isiHebhere esahluka ngayo kwiilwimi zaseNtshona? (b) Chaza iimo ezimbini zesenzi sesiHebhere.

¹² Isenzi sesiHebhere asinawo “amaxesha” ngokwendlela igama elithi “ixesha” elisebenza ngayo kwezona lwimi zininzi zaseNtshona. EsiNgesini, izenzi zijongwa ubukhulu becala ngokwemilo yexesha: elidluleyo, elimiyo, nelizayo. Kwelinye icala, isenzi sesiHebhere ngokusisiseko sivakalisa imilo yesenzo, oko kukuthi, isenzo sigqalwa njengesenzekileyo (imo epheleleyo) okanye esingekenzeki (imo engaphelelanga). Ezi milo zesenzi sesiHebhere zisenokusetyenziswa ukubonisa isenzo esenzekileyo okanye esiseza kwenzeka, ixesha liqondwa ngokomongo. Ngokomzekelo, imo epheleleyo, okanye eyenzekileyo, yesenzi ngokuzenzekelayo imela izenzo esezenzekile, kodwa ikwasetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kokuseza kwenzeka ngokungathi sele kwenzekile yaye kudlulile, ukubonisa ukuqiniseka kokwenzeka kwako okanye imfanelo yokuba kwenzeke.

13. Kutheni ukuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemo yesenzi sesiHebhere kubalulekile ekufikeleleni kwindlela echanileyo yokuqonda iGenesis 2:2, 3?

¹³ Ukudlulisela ngokuchanileyo imo yesenzi sesiHebhere esiNgesini kubaluleke gqitha; kungenjalo, intsingiselo isenokungacaci kuze kuvakaliswe ingcamango eyahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ukuzekelisa oku, qwalasela indlela ezivakaliswa ngayo izenzi kwiGenesis 2:2, 3. Kwiinguqulelo ezininzi, xa zithetha ngokuphumla kukaThixo ngosuku lwesixhenxe, kusetyenziswe amabinzana anjengelithi “waphumla,” “wayeka,” “waye wayeka,” “wandula ke waphumla,” “uThixo waphumla,” nelithi “waye waphumla.” Kule ndlela zifundeka ngayo umntu usengagqiba kwelokuba ukuphumla kukaThixo ngosuku lwesixhenxe kwenzeke kwixa elidluleyo. Kodwa phawula indlela iNew World Translation ephuhlisa ngayo imilo yezenzi ezisetyenziswe kumazwi akwiGenesis 2:2, 3: “Kwaye ngosuku lwesixhenxe uThixo wawugqiba umsebenzi wakhe awayewenzile, waza waqalisa ukuphumla ngosuku lwesixhenxe kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe awayewenzile. Kwaye uThixo wawusikelela umhla wesixhenxe waza wawungcwalisa, kuba ngawo ebephumla kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe uThixo abewudalile ukuze awenze.” Ibinzana elikwindinyana 2 elithi “waqalisa ukuphumla” lisisenzi esikwimo engaphelelanga kwisiHebhere ibe ngoko livakalisa ingcamango yesenzo esingekagqitywa okanye esiqhubekayo. Ukuguqulelwa kwalo ngokuthi “waqalisa ukuphumla” kuvisisana noko kuthethwa kumaHebhere 4:4-7. Kwelinye icala, isenzi esikwiGenesis 2:3 sikwimo epheleleyo, kodwa ukuze sivisisane nendinyana 2 namaHebhere 4:4-7, siguqulelwe ngokuthi “ebephumla.”

14. Ngoxa kuphetshwa imbono ephosakeleyo yolandelelwano lwe-waw, iNew World Translation izabalazela ukwenza ntoni ngezenzi zesiHebhere?

¹⁴ Esinye sezizathu zokungachani kwendlela ekuguqulelwa ngayo izenzi zesiHebhere yinkqubo yomgaqo-ntetho namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuthi lulandelelwano lwe-waw. U-waw (ו) sisihlanganisi sesiHebhere ngokusisiseko esithetha ukuthi “kwaye.” Asize sihambe sodwa koko sisoloko sidibana nelinye igama, ngokufuthi sidibana nesenzi sesiHebhere, ukuze zenze igama elinye. Bambi baye bema ngelithi, ibe basatsho, olu lwalamano lunamandla okuguqula isenzi ukusuka kwenye imo ukuya kwenye, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwimo engaphelelanga kuye kwepheleleyo (njengoko kuye kwenziwa kwiinguqulelo ezininzi, kuquka ezale mihla, kwiGenesis 2:2, 3) okanye kwimo epheleleyo kuye kwengaphelelanga. Le nto yenzekayo iye yachazwa kwanangebinzana elithi “ukuguquguquka kuka-waw.” Oku kusetyenziswa ngokungachananga kwemilo yesenzi kuye kwabangela ukudideka okukhulu nokuguqulelwa phosakeleyo kweendinyana zesiHebhere. INew World Translation ayiyamkeli into yokuba igama elithi waw linawo nawaphi na amandla okuguqula imo yesenzi. Kunoko, kwenziwa ilinge lokuphuhlisa amandla afanelekileyo nacacileyo esenzi sesiHebhere, ngaloo ndlela kulondolozwa intsingiselo yantlandlolo ngokuchanileyo.d

15. (a) Izenzi zesiGrike ziye zaguqulelwa ngayiphi inyameko? (b) Cacisa ingenelo yokunikela imo yokuqhubekayo ngokuchanileyo.

¹⁵ Kuye kwasetyenziswa inyameko efanayo ekuguquleleni izenzi zesiGrike. KwisiGrike amaxesha ezenzi awavakalisi nje kuphela ixesha lokwenzeka okanye lemilo kodwa kwanohlobo lwesenzo, enoba sesexeshana, siyaqala, siyaqhubeka, siyaphindwa-phindwa, okanye senzekile. Ukuphaphela iimilo ezinjalo zezenzi zesiGrike kukhokelela ekuguqulelweni okuchanileyo ngamandla apheleleyo esenzo esichazwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukunikela imo yokuqhubekayo kwindawo evela kuyo kwisenzi sesiGrike akuvelisi nje kuphela ubunjalo bemeko kodwa kukwenza isiyalo nesiluleko sibe namandla ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ukungakholwa okuqhubekayo kwabaFarisi nabaSadusi kucaciswa ngamazwi kaYesu athi: “Isizukulwana esingendawo nesikrexezayo sihlala sifuna umqondiso.” Imfuneko yenyathelo eliqhubekayo kwizinto ezifanelekileyo ivakaliswa kakuhle ngamazwi kaYesu athi: “Qhubekani nithanda iintshaba zenu.” “Qhubekani, ngoko, nifuna kuqala ubukumkani.” “Qhubekani nicela, naye niya kuphiwa; qhubekani nifuna, niya kufumana; qhubekani ninkqonkqoza, naye niya kuvulelwa.”—Mat. 16:4; 5:44; 6:33; 7:7, NW.

16. Kuqwalaselwa ixesha leaorist kwisiGrike, amazwi kaYohane ‘angesono’ kweyoku-1 kaYohane 2:1 aguqulelwe njani ngokuchanileyo?

¹⁶ IsiGrike sinexesha elingaqhelekanga elaziwa ngokuthi yiaorist, elibhekisela kwisenzo sexesha elithile, okanye sexeshana. Izenzi ezikweli xesha zinokuguqulelwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngokuvisisana nomongo. Enye indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo kukubonisa isenzo esinye sohlobo oluthile, nangona singanxulumananga nalo naliphi na ixesha elikhethekileyo. Umzekelo onjalo ufunyanwa kweyoku-1 kaYohane 2:1, apho iinguqulelo ezininzi ziguqulela isenzi segama elithi “isono” khon’ ukuze zibonise ikhondo eliqhubekayo lesono, ngoxa iNew World Translation ifundeka ngokuthi, “enza isono,” oko kukuthi, isenzo esinye sesono. Oku kudlulisela intsingiselo echanileyo yokuba ukuba umKristu usenokwenza isono esithile, ukho uYesu Kristu, osebenza njengomthetheli, okanye umncedi, kunye noYise wasezulwini. Ngaloo ndlela, eyoku-1 kaYohane 2:1 ayiphikisani nangayiphi na indlela kunoko isuka nje ivisisane nokugwetywa ‘koqheliselo lwesono’ okufunyanwa kweyoku-1 kaYohane 3:6-8 nakwese–5:18.e

17. Ngaphandle kokubonisa isenzo esiqhubekayo, yintoni enye ixesha ebelidlula kwisiGrike elisenokuyibonakalisa? Zekelisa.

¹⁷ Ixesha ebelidlula kwisiGrike lisenokungavakalisi nje kuphela isenzo esiqhubekayo kodwa kwanesenzo ebesizanywa kodwa asafezekiswa. Phawula indlela amaHebhere 11:17 kwiKing James Version afundeka ngayo: “Ngokholo uAbraham, xa walingwayo, wamnikela uIsake: waye lowo wawafumanayo amadinga wamnikela okuphela konyana amzeleyo.” Isenzi esiguqulelwe ngokuthi “wamnikela” sahlukile ngokwemo kwezi ndawo zimbini kwisiGrike. Kwindawo yokuqala sikwixesha elidlulileyo (okwenzekileyo), ngoxa kweyesibini sikwimo yexesha ebelidlula (ixesha loqhubeko elidlulileyo). INew World Translation, iphawula oku kwahluka kwamaxesha, iguqulela le ndinyana ngokuthi: “UAbraham, xa wavavanywayo, waphantse wamnikela uIsake, kwaye umntu . . . wazama ukumnikela okuphela konyana amzeleyo.” Imo epheleleyo yesenzi sokuqala ngaloo ndlela ilondoloziwe, ngoxa ixesha ebelidlula lesenzi sesibini libonisa ukuba isenzo sasiza kwenziwa okanye sazanywa kodwa asizange siphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo.—Gen. 22:9-14.

18. Ube yintoni umphumo ngenxa yokunikela ingqalelo ngenyameko kwezinye izigaba zentetho? Nika umzekelo.

¹⁸ Ukunikela ingqalelo ngenyameko ekusebenzeni kwezinye izigaba zentetho, njengezibizo, kuye kwakhokelela ekucaciseni oko bekubonakala ikukuphikisana. Ngokomzekelo, kwiZenzo 9:7, ekuchazeni amava aphawulekayo kaSawule kwindlela eya eDamasko, iinguqulelo eziliqela zithi amaqabane awayehamba nawo ‘aliva ilizwi’ kodwa awazange abone mntu. Kwandula ke, kwiZenzo 22:9, apho uPawulos abalisa esi siganeko, iinguqulelo ezikwanye zifundeke ngokuthi nangona akubonayo ukukhanya, ‘awalivanga ilizwi.’ Noko ke, kwimbekiselo yokuqala, igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “ilizwi” likwimo yesimnini, kodwa kwisihlandlo sesibini, libhekisela kwisenzi esivumelana nenjongosenzi, njengoko kunjalo kwiZenzo 9:4. Kutheni kukho lo mahluko nje? Akukho mahluko udluliselweyo kwiinguqulelo ezingasentla esiNgesini, ukanti kwisiGrike, ngokuguquka kwemo, kubonisa umahluko othile. Amadoda ayelive ngokoqobo “ilizwi” kodwa awazange alive ngendlela uPawulos awaliva ngayo, oko kukuthi, ukuva amazwi aze awaqonde. Ngaloo ndlela, iNew World Translation, ekubeni iphawula ukusetyenziswa kwesenzi sesimnini kwiZenzo 9:7, ifundeka ngokuthi abantu ababenaye “eneneni, babeyiva imvakalo yelizwi, kodwa bengaboni nawuphi na umntu.”

ISIMELABIZO “YOU” ESIKWISININZI SIBONISIWE

19, 20. (a) INew World Translation iye yenza ntoni kwezi ndlela zokubhekisela emntwini zingcwalisiweyo, yaye ngoba? (b) Bonisa indlela isimelabizo esithi “you” kwisinye esinokwahlulwa ngayo kwisininzi.

¹⁹ Iindlela zesiNgesi sakudala ezibhekisela kumntu wesibini kwisinye, “thee,” “thou,” nethi “thy,” ziye zabuyiselwa kwezinye iinguqulelo zanamhla kwiindawo apho kubhekiselwa kuThixo. Phofu ke, kwiilwimi iBhayibhile eyabhalwa ngazo, kwakungekho ndlela ikhethekileyo yesimelabizo soqobo eyayisetyenziswa xa kuthethwa ngoThixo, kodwa kwakusetyenziswa uhlobo olunye njengaxa ubhekisela komnye umntu. Ngoko iNew World Translation iye yaziyeka ezi ndlela zisetyenziswayo nezingcwalisiweyo yaza yasebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo yokuncokola ethi “you” (wena) kuzo zonke iimeko. Ukuze ibonise umahluko kwisininzi somntu wesibini sesimelabizo esithi “you” nezenzi ezinesininzi esingabonakali ngokulula esiNgesini, la magama abhalwe onke ngoonobumba abakhulu. Ngokufuthi oku kuyamnceda umfundi azi enoba iSibhalo esibonisiweyo sibhekisela ku-“you” (wena) njengomntu omnye, okanye ku-“YOU” (nina) njengeqela labantu, ibandla.

²⁰ Ngokomzekelo, kwabaseRoma 11:13 uPawulos ubhekisela kubantu abaninzi: “Kuba ndithetha kuni [YOU] ziintlanga.” Kodwa kwindinyana 17 isiGrike siyaguquka sisebenzise isinye esithi “you” (wena), ibe intsingiselo ngoku ibuyiselwa kumntu omnye: “Ke ukuba inxenye yamasebe yaxhuzulwa, wathi ke wena [you] . . . wamiliselwa . . . ”

INEW WORLD TRANSLATION NGEZINYE IILWIMI

21. (a) Kuye kwenzeka njani ngabemi abangakumbi nangakumbi bomhlaba ukuba banandiphe iingenelo zeNew World Translation? (b) Mingaphi imibhalo yeNew World Translation eye yashicilelwa yiWatch Tower Society ngowe-1989?

²¹ Ngowe-1961 kwavakaliswa ukuba iWatch Tower Society yayiqalisa ukuguqulela iNew World Translation ukuya kwiilwimi ezingakumbi ezintandathu nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ezizezi, isiDatshi, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiTaliyane, isiPhuthukezi neSpanish. Lo msebenzi wokuguqulela wawuphathiswe abaguquleli abanobuchule nabazahluleleyo, bonke besebenza kunye kwikomkhulu leWatch Tower Society eBrooklyn, eNew York. Babesebenza njengekomiti enkulu yezizwe ngezizwe ngaphantsi kweliso elibukhali labalathisi. KwakungoJulayi 1963, kwiNdibano “Yeendaba Ezilungileyo Ezingunaphakade” yamaNgqina kaYehova eMilwaukee, eWisconsin, eUnited States, ekwathi ulibo lweli phulo lokuguqulela lwafumaneka xa iNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures yakhutshwa ngaxeshanye ngeelwimi ezintandathu ezingasentla. Ngoku abemi bomhlaba abathetha ezinye iilwimi ngaphandle kwesiNgesi babenokuqala ukunandipha iingenelo zale nguqulelo yanamhla. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umsebenzi wokuguqulela uye waqhubeka, kangangokuba ngowe-1989 iNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yaye yafumaneka ngeelwimi ezili-11, ibe kuye kwashicilelwa imibhalo engaphezu kwezi-56 000 000.f

UKUBA NOMBULELO NGESI SIXHOBO SINAMANDLA

22, 23. Le nguqulelo yeZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo iyingenelo ngaziphi iindlela ezibalaseleyo kumKristu?

²² INew World Translation ngenene isisixhobo esinamandla sokubonakalisa ukuba “sonke iSibhalo siphefumlelwe nguThixo kwaye siyingenelo.” Ngenxa yeengongoma ezixutyushwe kwesi sifundo, sinokuqonda ukuba ichanile kwaye inokuthenjwa nokuba inokubazisela ulonwabo lokwenene abo banqwenela ukuva uThixo ethetha nabantu ngolwimi lwanamhla olucacileyo noluchukumisayo. Ulwimi lweNew World Translation luyavuselela ngokomoya, ibe lumenza umfundi ayiqonde ngokukhawuleza into eyayivakaliswa ziZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo zantlandlolo. Akuseyomfuneko ukuba siphindaphinde ukufunda iindinyana ukuze siqonde amabinzana angacacanga. Usaqala nje ukufunda uphawula indlela ebhalwe ngamandla necace ngayo.

²³ INew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures iyinguqulelo eyenziwe ngokuthembekileyo yeLizwi likaThixo, “ikrele loMoya.” Ekubeni injalo, eneneni isisixhobo esinempumelelo kwimfazwe yokomoya yomKristu, uncedo ‘ekuwiseni iimfundiso zobuxoki ezendeleyo neengqiqo zokuchasa ukwazi uThixo.’ Hayi indlela esinceda kakuhle ngayo ukuba sivakalise ngokuziqonda kakuhle izinto eziyingenelo nezakhayo, izinto ezizukileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo bobulungisa—ewe “izinto ezinkulu zikaThixo”!—Efe. 6:17; 2 Kor. 10:4, 5; IZe. 2:11.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]