I-“New World Translation”—Ingumsebenzi Wabaphengululi Yaye Inyanisekile

“IZELE yinkohliso!” Oko koko kwathethwa ngabachasi ngenguqulelo yeBhayibhile kaMartin Luther emva phayaa ngenkulungwane ye-16. Babekholelwa kwelokuba babenokuyingqina into yokuba iBhayibhile kaLuther “yayineempazamo ezili-1 400 ezichaseneyo noko kwamkelekileyo nezibubuxoki.” Namhlanje, iBhayibhile kaLuther igqalwa njengenguqulelo ezenzele igama. Incwadi ethi Translating the Bible ide iyibize ngokuthi “ingumsebenzi weengqondi”!

Kule nkulungwane yama-20, iNew World Translation nayo iye yatyholwa ngokuba nenkohliso. Ngoba? Kungenxa yokuba ayibambeleli kwindlela engokwesithethe yokuguqulela iindinyana ezininzi yaye igxininisa ekusetyenzisweni kwegama likaThixo, uYehova. Ngenxa yoko, iyengaqhelekanga. Kodwa ngaba oko kuyenza ibe yequlethe ubuxoki? Nakanye. Yaveliswa ngenyameko enkulu yaye kwanikelwa ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, yaye oko kusenokubonakala kukokungaqhelekanga kubonisa umgudu onyanisekileyo wokuguqulela ngenyameko umahluko okhoyo kwiilwimi zantlandlolo. Umfundisi wezakwalizwi uC. Houtman ecacisa isizathu sokungamkelwa ngokubanzi kweNew World Translation uthi: “Iindlela eziliqela ezingokwesithethe zokuguqulelwa kwamabinzana abalulekileyo ukusuka kwimibhalo yantlandlolo ziye zatyeshelwa, ngokucacileyo ukuze kufikelelwe kweyona ndlela yokuqonda ilungileyo.” Makhe siqwalasele eminye yemizekelo yoku.

Yahlukile—Kodwa Ayiphosakelanga

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amagama ahlobeneyo kwiilwimi zantlandlolo eyayibhalwe ngazo iBhayibhile apho kunokwenzeka aguqulelwe ngamagama esiNgesi awahlukahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela isenza umfundi weBhayibhile aziphaphele iintsingiselo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, elithi syn·teʹlei·a uguqulelwe ngokuthi “conclusion (ukuqosheliswa)” yaye uteʹlos ngokuthi “end (ukuphela),” nangona omabini la magama eguqulelwe nje ngokuthi “ukuphela” kwiinguqulelo ezininzi. (Mateyu 24:3, 13) Igama elithi koʹsmos liguqulelwe ngokuthi “world (ihlabathi),” elithi ai·onʹ ngokuthi “system of things (inkqubo yezinto)” yaye elithi oi·kou·meʹne ngokuthi “inhabited earth (elimiweyo).” Kwakhona, iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile ezininzi zisebenzisa nje igama elithi “world (ihlabathi)” ukuguqulela omabini okanye omathathu la magama esiGrike, nangona, enyanisweni, kukho umahluko phakathi kwawo.—Mateyu 13:38, 39; 24:14.

Ngokufanayo, iNew World Translation iwuphawula ngenyameko umahluko okhoyo phakathi kwelithi gnoʹsis (“knowledge [ulwazi]”) nelithi e·piʹgno·sis (eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “accurate knowledge [ulwazi oluchanileyo]”)—umahluko otyeshelwayo ngabaninzi. (Filipi 1:9; 3:8) Kwakhona iyahlula phakathi kwelithi taʹphos (“grave [idlaka],” indawo ekufihlwa kuyo umntu), nelithi mneʹma (“tomb [ingcwaba]”), elithi mne·meiʹon (“memorial tomb [ingcwaba lenkumbulo]”), nelithi haiʹdes (“ihadesi,” eBhayibhileni ebhekisela kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo lwabantu abafileyo). (Mateyu 27:60, 61; Yohane 5:28; IZenzo 2:29, 31) Iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile eziliqela ziyahlula phakathi kwelithi taʹphos nelithi mne·meiʹon kuMateyu 23:29 kodwa azenjinjalo kwezinye iindawo.—Bona uMateyu 27:60, 61, New International Version.

Amaxesha ezenzi aguqulelwa ngenyameko nangokuchanileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiBhayibhile yesiXhosa eyoku-1 kaYohane 2:1 ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ukuba kukho othe wona, sinoMthetheleli kuye uYise, uYesu Kristu ilungisa.” Kamsinya emva koko, kwale nguqulelo iguqulela eyoku-1 kaYohane 3:6 ngolu hlobo: “Bonke abahlala [kuYesu] aboni.” Ukuba abalandeli bakaYesu aboni, eyoku-1 kaYohane 2:1 isebenza njani?

INew World Translation iyakucombulula oku kubonakala ngathi kukuziphikisa. Kweyoku-1 kaYohane 2:1, ithi: “Ndinibhalela ezi zinto ukuze ningenzi isono. Ukanti, ukuba nabani na wenza isono, sinomthetheleli kuye uYise, uYesu Kristu, ilungisa.” Kule ndinyana uYohane wasebenzisa imo engamiselwanga xesha yokusenokwenzeka (aorist tense) ebonisa ukwenziwa kwesono kwiimo ezingaqhelekanga, nto leyo thina sonke ngabanye esiyenzayo amaxesha ngamaxesha ngenxa yokuba singafezekanga. Noko ke, eyoku-1 kaYohane 3:6 ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Wonk’ ubani ohlala emanyene naye akaqheliseli sono; akukho namnye oqhelisela isono ombonileyo okanye omazileyo.” Apha uYohane wasebenzisa ixesha langoku, ebonisa ikhondo lesono eliqhubekayo eliya kubhangisa ibango lakhe nabani na lokuba ungumKristu.

Abanye Abaphengululi Bayavuma

Amabinzana athile angaqhelekanga ekuthiwa aqanjwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova ayaxhaswa zezinye iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile okanye iincwadi zeembekiselo. KuLuka 23:43, iNew World Translation inikela ingxelo yamazwi kaYesu kumenzi bubi awayegwetywe kunye naye athi: “Inene ndithi kuwe namhlanje, Uya kuba nam eParadisi.” KwisiGrike santlandlolo, iziphumlisi ezinjengeekoma zazingekho; kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abaguquleli bafaka uhlobo oluthile lweziphumlisi ukuze bancede ekufundeni. Noko ke, abaninzi babangela ukuba uLuka 23:43 afundeke ngokungathi uYesu nomenzi bubi babeza kuya eParadisi ngaloo mini. IBhayibhile yesiXhosa ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Inene, ndithi kuwe, Namhlanje uya kuba nam eParadisi.” Noko ke, asizizo zonke ezidlulisela le ngcamango. UNjingalwazi Wilhelm Michaelis uyiguqulela ngolu hlobo le ndinyana: “Inene, sele ndikuqinisekisa kwanamhlanje ukuba: (ngenye imini) uya kuba kunye nam eparadisi.” Le nguqulelo inengqiqo ngakumbi kunaleyo yeBhayibhile yesiXhosa. Umenzi bubi owayesifa akanakuba wahamba noYesu ukuya eParadisi kwangalo mini. UYesu akazange avuswe kwada kwalusuku lwesithathu emva kokufa kwakhe. Okwelo xesha wayeseHadesi, ingcwaba eliqhelekileyo.—IZenzo 2:27, 31; 10:39, 40.

NgokukaMateyu 26:26 kwiNew World Translation, uYesu, xa wayesungula isikhumbuzo seSidlo SeNkosi Sangokuhlwa, uthi ngesonka asidlulisela kubafundi bakhe: “Oku kumele umzimba wam.” Ezinye iinguqulelo ezininzi ziyiguqulela le ndinyana ngokuthi: “Ngumzimba wam lo,” yaye oku kusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imfundiso yokuba ebudeni bokukhunjulwa kweSidlo SeNkosi Sangokuhlwa, isonka siguquka ngokoqobo sibe yinyama kaKristu. KwiNew World Translation igama eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “kumele” (es·tinʹ, uhlobo oluthile lwegama elithi ei·miʹ) lisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithetha ukuthi “ngu,” kodwa lisenokusingisela ekuthini “kumele.” Ngaloo ndlela, iGreek-English Lexicon of the New Testament kaThayer ithi esi senzi “ngokufuthi siyafana nokuthi kubonisa, kusingisele, kuthetha.” Eneneni, ukuthi “kumele” kuyinguqulelo esengqiqweni apha. Xa uYesu wasungula iSidlo Sangokuhlwa, inyama yakhe yayisesemathanjeni akhe, ngoko isonka sasinokuba yiyo njani inyama yakhe yokoqobo?a

KuYohane 1:1 iNew World Translation ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Waye uLizwi enguthixo [“a god”].” Kwiinguqulelo ezininzi la mazwi afundeka ngokulula ngokuthi: “Waye uLizwi enguThixo [“God”]” yaye asetyenziswa ukuxhasa imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba, abaxhasi bakaBathathu Emnye abayithandi indlela eguqulelwe ngayo le ndinyana kwiNew World Translation. Kodwa uYohane 1:1 akazange aguqulelwe ngenkohliso ukuze kungqinwe ukuba uYesu akangoThixo uSomandla. AmaNgqina kaYehova, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi, aye akucel’ umngeni ukubhalwa kuka-“thixo” [“god”] ngonobumba omkhulu kude kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iNew World Translation, ezabalazela ukuguqulela ulwimi lwantlandlolo ngokuchanileyo. Abaguquleli beBhayibhile baseJamani abahlanu ngokufanayo basebenzisa ibinzana “uthixo [“a god”]” kuloo ndinyana.b Ubuncinane abanye abali-13 basebenzise amazwi anjengokuthi “owayengowohlobo lobuthixo” okanye “wayengowohlobo olufana nolukaThixo.” Ezi nguqulelo ziyavumelana nezinye iinxalenye zeBhayibhile ukubonisa ukuba, ewe, uYesu osemazulwini unguthixo (a god) ngengqiqo yokuba ungowohlobo lobuthixo. Kodwa uYehova noYesu abangomntu mnye, uThixo omnye.—Yohane 14:28; 20:17.

Igama LikaThixo Lobuqu

KuLuka 4:18, ngokweNew World Translation, uYesu wasisebenzisa kuye isiprofeto sikaIsaya esithi: “UMoya kaYehova uphezu kwam.” (Isaya 61:1) Abaninzi bayakuchasa ukusetyenziswa kwegama uYehova apha. Noko ke, le yenye nje yeendawo ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 elibonakala kuzo elo gama kwiNew World Translation yeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike, ezifane zibizwe ngokuba ziyiTestamente Entsha. Enyanisweni, akukho mbhalo-ngqangi wamandulo usekhoyo, “weTestamente Entsha” onalo igama lobuqu likaThixo. Kodwa eli gama lafakwa kwiNew World Translation ngezizathu ezivakalayo, kungekhona ngenxa yentabatheko. Yaye abanye baye balandela ikhondo elifanayo. Kulwimi lwesiJamani kuphela, ziinguqulelo ezili-11 ubuncinane ezilisebenzisayo igama elithi “Yehova” (okanye ukugulela ngqo kwesiHebhere, “Yahweh”) kumongo “weTestamente Entsha,” ngoxa abaguquleli abane belongezelela eli gama kwizibiyeli emva kwelithi “Nkosi.”c Iinguqulelo zesiJamani ezingaphezu kwama-70 ziyalisebenzisa kwimibhalo esemazantsi okanye kumagqabaza azo.

KwaSirayeli, igama likaThixo lalibizwa ngaphandle kwesalelo kangangeminyaka eliwaka. Ligama elibonakala ngokufuthi kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere (“iTestamente Endala”), yaye akukho bungqina beyisayo bokuba lalingaziwa luluntu ngokubanzi okanye indlela yokubizwa kwalo yayilityelwe kwinkulungwane yokuqala yeXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo, xa amaKristu angamaYuda aphefumlelwa ukuba abhale iincwadi “zeTestamente Entsha.”—Rute 2:4.

UWolfgang Feneberg ugqabaza kwiphephancwadi lamaJesuit iEntschluss/Offen (ka-Aprili 1985) esithi: “[UYesu] akazange asifihlele igama likaYise elithi YHWH, kodwa wasiphathisa lona. Kungenjalo ibingenakucaciswa into yokuba isicelo sokuqala kuMthandazo weNkosi sifundeke ngolu hlobo: ‘Malingcwaliswe igama lakho!’” Ngokubhekele phaya uFeneberg uphawula ukuba “kwimibhalo-ngqangi yexesha elingaphambi kwelobuKristu yamaYuda awayethetha isiGrike, igama likaYehova lalingathatyathelwa indawo ngukýrios [Nkosi], kodwa lalibhalwa ngohlobo lwetetragram [YHWH] ngoonobumba besiHebhere okanye besiHebhere samandulo. . . . Sifumana imibhalo enelo gama yooPopu; kodwa abanamdla kulo. Ngokuguqulela eli gama ngokuthi kýrios (Nkosi), ooPopu babenomdla ngakumbi ekunikeleni indili kakýrios kuYesu Kristu.” INew World Translation iyalibuyisela eli gama eBhayibhileni kuyo yonke indawo apho kukho isizathu esivakalayo nesingokophengululo sokwenjenjalo.—Bona iAppendix 1D kwiReference Bible.

Abanye bayaligxeka igama elithi “Yehova” hlobo olo iNew World Translation iliguqulela ngalo igama likaThixo. Kwimibhalo-ngqangi yesiHebhere, eli gama livela lingoonobumba abane, YHWH, yaye abaninzi bagxininisa kwelokuba indlela efanelekileyo yokulibiza kukuthi “Yahweh,” kungekhona ukuthi “Yehova.” Ngenxa yoko, bavakalelwa kukuba ukusebenzisa “uYehova” kuyimpazamo. Kodwa, enyanisweni, abaphengululi abavumelani ngelokuba “uYahweh” umela indlela yantlandlolo yokulibiza. Isibakala sikukuba ngoxa uThixo wayilondolozayo indlela yokubhala igama lakhe elithi “YHWH” ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezingama-6 000 eBhayibhileni, akazange ayilondoloze indlela yokulibiza uMoses awayivayo kwiNtaba yaseSinayi. (Eksodus 20:2) Ngoko ke, indlela yokulibiza asinto ibaluleke kangako okwangoku.

EYurophu ukubonakala kwalo lisithi “Jehovah” bekusamkelwa ngokubanzi kangangeenkulungwane yaye kuyasetyenziswa kwiiBhayibhile ezininzi, kuquka neenguqulelo zesiYuda. Libonakala izihlandlo ezininzi kwizakhiwo, kwiingqekembe zemali nakwezinye izinto, yaye libhaliwe ezincwadini, yaye liqukiwe kumaculo ecawa amaninzi. Ngoko kunokuzama ukumela indlela yokulibiza yesiHebhere santlandlolo, iNew World Translation kuzo zonke iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo ekho ngazo isebenzisa indlela elibonakala ngayo igama likaThixo neyamkeleka kubantu abaninzi. Oku koko kanye iinguqulelo ezininzi zeBhayibhile zikwenzayo ngokubhekisele kwamanye amagama eBhayibhileni.

Siyintoni Isizathu Sokugxekwa Kwayo Ngokuqatha?

IBhayibhile kaLuther yagxekwa ngenxa yokuba yayiveliswe ngumntu owabhenca iintsilelo zonqulo olungokwesithethe lomhla wakhe. Inguqulelo yakhe yavulel’ indlela abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba babone inyaniso yokuninzi koko wayekuthetha. Ngokufanayo, iNew World Translation iyagxekwa ngenxa yokuba ipapashwa ngamaNgqina kaYehova athi ngokungafihlisiyo avakalise ukuba uninzi lweemfundiso zeNgqobhoko alufumaneki eBhayibhileni. INew World Translation—eneneni, nayiphi na iBhayibhile—ikwenza oku kucace.

Enyanisweni, iNew World Translation ingumsebenzi wabaphengululi. Ngowe-1989, uNjingalwazi Benjamin Kedar wakwaSirayeli wathi: “Kuphando lwam ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo ngokuphathelele iBhayibhile yesiHebhere neenguqulelo zayo, ndidla ngokubhekisela kuhlelo lwesiNgesi loko kwaziwa ngokuba yiNew World Translation. Ngokwenjenjalo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndiziva ndiqinisekile ukuba le ncwadi ibonakalisa umzamo owenziwe ngokunyaniseka wokuphumeza indlela yokuqonda umbhalo ochane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Inikela ubungqina bokwaziwa kakuhle kolwimi lwantlandlolo, iguqulela amagama antlandlolo kolunye ulwimi ngokuqondakalayo ingaphumi ecaleni ngokungeyomfuneko kuhlobo olukhethekileyo lokwakhiwa kolwimi lwesiHebhere. . . . Onke amagama asetyenziswe kolu lwimi akuhlobo lokuba angatolikwa okanye aguqulelwe ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngoko indlela ulwimi oluthile olugqiba ngokuliguqulela ngayo naliphi na igama inokucelw’ umngeni ngokulula. Kodwa kwiNew World Translation, andizange ndifumane naluphi na utyekelo olucetyelwe ukuba umbhalo ufundeke ngohlobo oluthile ongathethi lona.”

Izigidi zabafundi beBhayibhile ehlabathini lonke zisebenzisa iNew World Translation ngenxa yokuba iyinguqulelo yolwimi lwezi mini ewaguqulela amagama eBhayibhile ngokuchanileyo. IBhayibhile iphela ngoku iyafumaneka ngeelwimi ezisi-9 yaye iZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike kuphela ziyafumaneka ngeelwimi ezi-2 ezongezelelekileyo; yaye ngoku ilungiselelwa ngeelwimi ezingama-20 ezongezelelekileyo. Inguqulelo echanileyo ithabatha iminyaka yomsebenzi onzima, kodwa sikhangele phambili ekubeni sibe nayo iNew World Translation ekugqibeleni ngazo zonke ezi lwimi zahlukahlukeneyo ukuze incede abaninzi ngakumbi babe nokuliqonda ngokuchane ngakumbi ‘ilizwi lobomi.’ (Filipi 2:16) Ngenxa yokuba sele incede izigidi ukuba zenjenjalo, ikufanele ngokwenene ukunconywa.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 28]

INew World Translation ikwinkqubo yokuguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingakumbi ezingama-20

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 29]

INGUQULELO EZINCOMELA NGOKWAYO

Omnye wamaNgqina kaYehova eJamani wayencokola nenenekazi esele likhulile, awayelifundele uHabhakuki 1:12, NW: “Akunguye na osusela kudaladala, Yehova? Thixo wam, Ngcwele yam, akufi wena.” Eli nenekazi laqhankqalaza kuba iBhayibhile yalo yayisithi, “Masingafi.” INgqina lalatha ukuba iNew World Translation ibambelela ngokusondeleyo kwimibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo. Ekubeni eli nenekazi lalithetha isiHebhere, lalanda iBhayibhile yalo yesiHebhere laza lothuswa kukufumanisa ukuba iNew World Translation ichanile. AmaSopherim (ababhali bamaYuda) bayitshintsha le ndinyana kudala ngenxa yokuba babevakalelwa kukuba indinyana yamandulo yayibonisa ukungabi nantlonelo kuThixo. Ngaphandle kwezimbalwa, iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile zesiJamani aziyilungisi ukuze ziyenze ichane le nguqulo yenziwa ngababhali. INew World Translation iye yayibuyisela koko yayikuko ntlandlolo.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

INew World Translation epheleleyo ngoku ikho ngezi lwimi: IsiDanish, isiDatshi, isiNgesi, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiTaliyane, isiJapan, isiPhuthukezi nangeSpanish