Usijonga Njani Isono?
“KUTHENI esoloko ecela ukuxolelwa kwezono zethu emthandazweni?” lakhalaza lisitsho elinye ibhinqa elalifundisisa iBhayibhile nomnye wamaNgqina kaYehova. “Kuvakala ngathi ndisisaphuli-mthetho.” Njengeli bhinqa, abaninzi namhlanje abaziqondi izono zabo ngaphandle kokuba baye benza isenzo esithile sokwaphula umthetho.
Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi eMpuma, apho abantu ngokwesithethe bengenangcamango yokusizuza ilifa isono njengokuba kwiinkonzo zamaYuda namaKristu kufundiswa njalo. (Genesis 3:1-5, 16-19; Roma 5:12) Ngokomzekelo, amaShinto asigqala isono siyinto engcolileyo enokuthi ngokulula isulwe ngentonga yombingeleli, enephepha okanye iflakisi kwincam yayo. Kule nkqubo akukho mfuneko yanguquko. Kutheni kunjalo nje? IKodansha Encyclopedia of Japan icacisa isithi: “Asizozenzo zobubi kuphela, kodwa kwaneentlekele zemvelo ezingalawulekiyo, zazikwabizwa ngokuthi ziitsumi [isono].” Iintlekele zemvelo, iitsumi ezingelo tyala labantu, zazigqalwa zizizono ezathi izithethe zokuhlambulula zazibangela ukuba ziphetshwe zingabikho.
Oku kwakhokelela ekucingeni ukuba nasiphi na isono, kwanezenzo zobubi ezazenziwe ngabom (ngaphandle kwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezazisohlwayelwa ngumthetho) zazinokupheliswa zizithethe zokuhlambulula. Ngaphantsi komxholo othi “Isithethe Sokuhlanjululwa Ngokwezopolitiko EJapan,” iThe New York Times yabhekisela kwimbono enjalo yaza yachaza ukuba abezopolitiko eJapan abaye babandakanyeka kumahlazo bazigqala ‘njengabahlambulukileyo’ xa bephinde banyulwa ngabavoti. Ngaloo ndlela, akulungiswa ngokwenene, yaye amahlazo afanayo anokuphinda enzeke.
AmaBhuda akholelwa kwisamsara, okanye ekuzalweni ngokutsha, nemfundiso yeKarma anembono eyahlukileyo. IThe New Encyclopædia Britannica ithi, “Ngokwemfundiso yekarma ihambo entle izisa umphumo ovuyisayo nowonwabisayo yaye ibangela utyekelo olukhokelela kwizenzo ezilungileyo ezifanayo, ngoxa ihambo ephosakeleyo isizisa umphumo ombi ize ibangele utyekelo olukhokelela kwizenzo ezimbi eziphindaphindwayo.” Ngamany’ amazwi, ihambo enesono ithwala isiqhamo esibi. Imfundiso yeKarma inxulunyaniswa nemfundiso yokuzalwa ngokutsha, njengokuba ezinye iiKarma kusithiwa zithwala isiqhamo iminyaka emininzi emva kokuba eso senzo senziwe.
Le mfundiso ibachaphazela njani abo bakholelwa kuyo? Ibhinqa elingumBhuda elalikholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwiKarma lathi: “Ndandicinga ukuba akunangqiqo ukubandezeleka ngenxa yento endazalwa nayo kodwa endandingazi nto ngayo. Kwafuneka ndiyamkele njengento endandiyimiselwe kwangaphambili. Ukucengceleza iisutra nokuzama ngamandla ukuphila ubomi obulungileyo akuzange kuzicombulule iingxaki zam. Ndasuka ndanochuku yaye ndinganelisekanga, ndisoloko ndikhalaza.” Imfundiso yamaBhuda ngemiphumo yokuziphatha kakubi yamenza waziva engaxabisekanga.
KubuConfucius, olunye unqulo lwaseMpuma, kwakufundiswa indlela eyahlukileyo yokuqhubana nobubi babantu. Ngokutsho kukaHsün-tzu, esinye sezithandi zobulumko ezithathu neziphambili kubuConfucius, abantu banobubi ngokwemvelo yaye batyekele ekuzingceni. Ukuze kulondolozwe ulungelelwano lwabanye phakathi kwabantu abanotyekelo lwesono, wagxininisa kwimbaluleka yeli, ethetha ngokufaneleka, ngembeko nangolungelelwano lwezinto. UMeng-tzu, esinye isithandi-sobulumko esingumConfucius, nangona wavakalisa imbono eyahlukileyo ngotyekelo lomntu lwemvelo, wabuqonda ubukho beengxaki zabantu yaye, enentembelo yokuba utyekelo lomntu lwemvelo lulungile, ethembele kwinkqubo yomntu yokuziphucula ukuze afumane isicombululo. Nokuba kungayiphi indlela, izithandi zobulumko ezingamaConfucius zafundisa ukubaluleka kwemfundo nengqeqesho ukuze kuliwe nxamnye nesono ehlabathini. Nangona iimfundiso zazo zazivumelana nemfuneko yeli, ingcamango yazo yesono nobubi ayicacanga kwaphela.—Thelekisa INdumiso 14:3; 51:5.
Ingcamango Engacacanga Yesono ENtshona
ENtshona, iingcamango ezingesono ngokwesithethe zicace mhlophe, yaye inkoliso yabantu iye yavuma ukuba isono sikho yaye sifanelwe siphetshwe. Noko ke, isimo sengqondo saseNtshona ngesono siyaguquka. Abaninzi abafuni kwazi nto kwaphela ngesono, bengenamvakalelo ‘yokuba netyala,’ into ekufuneka iphetshiwe. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo, uPopu Pius XII wakhala wathi: “Isono sale nkulungwane sikukungavumi kwaphela ukuba kukho into esisono.” Ngokutsho kohlolisiso olwapapashwa kwiLe Pèlerin yeeveki ngeeveki yamaKatolika, ama-90 ekhulwini abemi baseFransi, apho inkoliso yabantu izibanga ingamaRoma Katolika, ayisakholelwa kwisono.
Enyanisweni, eMpuma naseNtshona, inkoliso yabantu ngoku ibonakala ihleli inemvakalelo yolwaneliseko ingakhathazeki ngokungasazi isono. Noko ke, ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba akukho nto isisono? Ngaba singasityeshela size sekunjalo sikhuseleke? Ngaba siya kuze singabikho isono?