Isihogo—Ngaba Siyintuthumbo Kanaphakade Okanye Silingcwaba Eliqhelekileyo?

NGABA uye waxelelwa ukuba Abaseki Becawa bokuqala, abafundi bezakwalizwi ababephila kumaxesha aphakathi, nabalweli boHlaziyo baqiqa ngelokuba intuthumbo eqhubeka esihogweni yekanaphakade? Ukuba kunjalo, kusenokukumangalisa ukwazi ukuba abanye abaphengululi beBhayibhile abaphambili bayayiphikisa loo ngcamango. EBritani, omnye wabo, uJohn R. W. Stott ubhala ukuba: “IZibhalo zingqinela intshabalaliso, yaye zithi ‘ukuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade usezingqondweni’ sisithethe esimele sinikezele kwigunya elongamileyo leZibhalo.”—Essentials—A Liberal-Evangelical Dialogue.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba agqibe kwelokuba intuthumbo kanaphakade ayisekelwanga eBhayibhileni?

Isifundo Solwimi

Ibango lakhe lokuqala liquka ulwimi. Lichaza ukuba xa iBhayibhile ibhekisela kumgwebo wokugqibela (“iGehena”; bona ibhokisi, iphepha 8), ngokufuthi ithetha “ngentshabalalo,” isenzi sesiGrike “u-apollumi (ukutshabalalisa) nesibizo u-apòleia (intshabalalo).” Ngaba la magama athetha ukuthuthumbisa? Lo kaStott ubonisa ukuba xa isenzi sigxininisa yaye sidibene nenjongosenzi (transitive) u-“apollumi” uthetha ukuthi “bulala.” (Mateyu 2:13; 12:14; 21:41) Ngaloo ndlela, kuMateyu 10:28, apho iKing James Version ithetha ngokuba uThixo utshabalalisa “umphefumlo kwanomzimba esihogweni,” eyona ngcamango kukutshabalalisa ekufeni, kungekhona ukuthuthumbisa ngonaphakade. KuMateyu 7:13, 14, uYesu uthelekisa ‘indlela ecutheneyo esa ebomini’ kunye nendlela ‘ephangaleleyo esa entshabalalweni.’ UStott uyagqabaza: “Ngoko ke, ibiya kuba ngummangaliso into yokuba abantu ekuthiwa batshabalele babe kanti eneneni abatshatyalaliswanga.” Efanele ufikelela kwesi sigqibo: “Ukuba ukubulala kukuhlutha umzimba ubomi, oko bekuya kuthetha ukuba isihogo sihlutha ubomi bokwenyama nobokomoya, okuthetha ukuthi, kukucinywa kobukho.”—IEssentials, iphepha 315-16.

Ukutolika Iinkcazelo Zomlilo Wesihogo

Sekunjalo, abantu abaninzi bonqulo baya kungqinelana noMongameli woMbutho wamaBhaptizi aseZantsi uMorris H. Chapman, owathi: “Ndishumayela isihogo sokoqobo.” Wongezelela wathi: “IBhayibhile isibiza ngokuba ‘lidike lomlilo,’ yaye andiqondi ukuba loo nkcazelo ingachazwa ngolunye uhlobo.”

Kuyavunywa ukuba, umbono womlilo osetyenziswe eBhayibhileni usenokubangela umfanekiso-ngqondweni wokuthuthumbisa. Noko ke, incwadi ethi Essentials iphawula oku: “Oku akuthandabuzeki kuba sonke siye sanamava eentlungu zokutsha, ezingqondweni zethu loo mlilo unxulunyaniswa ‘nokuthuthunjiswa usezingqondweni.’ Kodwa owona msebenzi uyintloko womlilo asikokubangela iintlungu, kodwa kukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo, njengoko bonke abantu abatshisa izinto ehlabathini benokukungqina oko.” (Iphepha 316) Ukuhlala uwukhumbula loo mahluko kuya kukunceda uphephe ukuchaza iZibhalo ngendlela engachananga. Ngokomzekelo:

Ngokubhekisele kwabo baphoselwa eGehena, uYesu wathi: “Apho kumpethu ingafiyo, kumlilo ungacinywayo.” (Marko 9:47, 48) Ngenxa yamazwi encwadi ekungaqinisekwanga ngobunyaniso bayo kaJudith (“Uya kufaka umlilo nempethu enyameni yabo yaye baya kugcuma ziintlungu ngonaphakade.”—Judith 16:17, The Jerusalem Bible), zimbi iincwadi ezichaza iBhayibhile zithi amazwi kaYesu abhekisela kwintuthumbo engunaphakade. Sekunjalo, incwadi ekungaqinisekwanga ngobunyaniso bayo kaJudith, engaphefumelelwanga nguThixo, ayingomgaqo wokuchaza intsingiselo yoko kwabhalwa nguMarko. UIsaya 66:24, isibhalo ekubonakala ukuba uYesu wayebhekisela kuso, sithi umlilo nempethu zitshabalalisa imizimba efileyo (“izidumbu,” utsho uIsaya) yeentshaba zikaThixo. Akukho nento encinane ethetha ngokuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade usezingqondweni kumazwi kaIsaya okanye kwanakulawo kaYesu. Umbono womlilo ufanekisela intshabalalo epheleleyo.

ISityhilelo 14:9-11 sithetha ngabanye ‘abathuthunjiswa ngumlilo nesalfure yaye umsi wokuthuthunjelwa kwabo unyuka use emaphakadeni asemaphakadeni.’a Ngaba oku kungqina ukuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade besezingqondweni emlilweni wesihogo? Eneneni, ekuphela kwento ethethwa kwesi sicatshulwa kukuba abantu ababi bayathuthunjiswa, kungekhona ukuba bathuthunjiswa ngonaphakade. Lo mbhalo uchaza ukuba ngumsi—obubungqina bokuba umlilo uwenzile umsebenzi wawo wokutshabalalisa—ohlala ukho ngonaphakade, kungekhona umlilo wentuthumbo.

ISityhilelo 20:10-15 sithi “edikeni lomlilo nesalfure, . . . baya kuthuthunjelwa imini nobusuku, kuse emaphakadeni asemaphakadeni.” Ekuqaleni xa ufunda oku, kusenokuvakala ngathi bathuthunjiswa ngomlilo besezingqondweni ngonaphakade, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Ngoba? Phakathi kwezinye izinto, “irhamncwa nomprofeti wobuxoki” kwakunye ‘nokufa nelabafileyo’ liya kuphoswa kule ndawo kuthiwa apha ‘lidike lomlilo.’ Njengoko usenokugqiba ngolo hlobo ngokulula, irhamncwa, umprofeti wobuxoki, ukufa nelabafileyo asingobantu bokoqobo; ngoko ke, abanakufumana intuthumbo besezingqondweni. Kunoko uG. B. Caird ubhala oku kwiA Commentary on the Revelation of St. John the Divine, “idike lomlilo” lithetha “ukutshabalalisa ungaphinde ukhunjulwe.” Kufanele kube lula ukukuqonda oku, kuba iBhayibhile ithi ngeli dike lomlilo: “Edikeni lomlilo. Oko kukufa kwesibini.”—ISityhilelo 20:14.

Ukwahlula Amawele EzakwaLizwi

Phezu kwako nje oku sele kuthethiwe, amakholwa amaninzi asemi ngelokuba “intshabalalo” ayithethi oko igama likutshoyo kodwa ithetha intuthumbo kanaphakade. Kutheni? Indlela acinga ngayo iphenjelelwe liwele lonqulo lomlilo wesihogo—imfundiso yokungafi komphefumlo womntu. Yaye ekubeni icawa yawo isenokuba ibingunina wala mawele kangangeenkulungwane, asenokuvakalelwa kukuba iindinyana ezithetha ngentshabalalo eneneni zibhekisela kwintuthumbo kanaphakade. Ngapha koko, umphefumlo womntu ongafiyo awunakungabikho—okanye njengoko abaninzi beqiqa ngolo hlobo.

Kodwa phawula ingongoma eyavezwa ngumfundisi waseTshetshi uPhilip E. Hughes: “Ukuthi umphefumlo womntu ngokwemvelo awufi kwaphela kukuthetha into engangqinelwayo kwaphela ziZibhalo, kuba ngokwembono yeBhayibhile ngokusisiseko umoya nomzimba udibene emntwini. . . . Isilumkiso sikaThixo ekuqalekeni, ngokuphathelele umthi owalelweyo esithi, ‘kuba mhlana uthe wawudla, uya kufa,’ sasibhekiselwa emntwini osisidalwa esibunjwe ngomzimba nangomoya—ekwakuza kuthi ukuba wayetyile kuwo, afe enjalo. Akukho nto ithi inxalenye yakhe yayingafi yaye ngaloo ndlela kwakuza kufa inxalenye ethile kuphela.”—The True Image—The Origin and Destiny of Man in Christ.

Ngokufanayo, umfundi wezakwalizwi uClark Pinnock uthi: “Le ngcamango [yokuba umphefumlo womntu awufi] iye yanempembelelo ixesha elide kwezakwalizwi, kodwa ayiphumi zibhalweni. IBhayibhile ayifundisi ukungafi komphefumlo ngokwemvelo.” UHezekile 18:4, 20 noMateyu 10:28 uyakungqina oku. Ngaphezulu, uYesu wathetha ngomhlobo wakhe owayefile uLazaro ‘njengophumleyo,’ okanye oleleyo. UYesu wathi ‘wayeza kumvusa.’ (Yohane 11:11-14) Ngoko umntu, okanye umphefumlo ongumntu, uLazaro wayefile, kodwa kwanasemva kwethuba elithile, wayenako ukuvuswa, abuyiselwe ebomini kwakhona. Izibakala ziyakungqina oko. UYesu wamvusa uLazaro ekufeni.—Yohane 11:17-44.

Ezi zibakala ziyichaphazela njani imfundiso yentuthumbo kanaphakade? Emva phayaa ngenkulungwane ye-17, umbhali wemibongo uWilliam Temple waphawula oku: “Zikho [izibhalo] ezithetha ngokuphoselwa emlilweni ongacimiyo. Kodwa ukuba asizifundi sicinga ukuba oko kuphoswayo akutshabalali, asiyi kuba nengcamango yokuba iya kutsha ngonaphakade, kodwa siya kucinga ukuba iya kutshatyalaliswa.” Leyo yindlela echanileyo yokukuqiqa oku, kuba kuko kanye okufundiswa yiBhayibhile.

Alinakukhanyelwa elokuba, zikho izizathu ezikubangela uyithandabuze ingcamango yokuthuthunjiswa kwabantu besezingqondweni ngonaphakade esihogweni. Okanye mhlawumbi awufuni kuphelela ekukuthandabuzeni kuphela oko yaye ukwafuna nokulandela icebiso likanjingalwazi wezakwalizwi uPinnock, owathi: “Zonke iinkolelo eziphathelele isihogo, kuquka nokuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade, . . . zifanele zishenxiswe kwimfundiso enengqiqo.” Ewe, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, okusesikweni, kunye—neyona nto ibaluleke ngakumbi—iLizwi likaThixo, iBhayibhile, zikuxelela ukuba wenze oko kanye.

Ukuba wenjenjalo, uya kubona ukuba oko sikuko ngokwenene isihogo kusengqiqweni. Unokufumana inkcazelo eluncedo ngalo mbandela kwincwadi ethi Unokuphila Ngonaphakade KwiParadisi Esemhlabeni.b Nceda uyifune xa udibana namaNgqina kaYehova. Funda isahluko esithi “Kwenzeka Ntoni Ekufeni?”, “‘Isihogo’—Ngaba Sikho Ngokwenene?”, kunye nesithi “Ngoobani Abaya Kuvuswa, Bevuselwa Phi?” Uya kufumanisa ukuba oko sikuko ngokwenene isihogo akwaneli kuba sengqiqweni nje kuphela, kodwa kukwanika nethemba.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 8]

UKUCHAZA AMABINZANA

Kweli nqaku ibinzana elithi “isihogo” nelithi “isihogo somlilo” njengoko esetyenziswe ngabafundi bezakwalizwi beNgqobhoko abhekisela kwigama lesiGrike elithi geʹen·na, nelibonakala izihlandlo ezili-12 kwi-“Testamente Entsha.” (Mateyu 5:22, 29, 30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Marko 9:43, 45, 47; Luka 12:5; Yakobi 3:6) Nangona iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeeBhayibhile ziliguqulela eli gama lesiGrike ngokuthi “isihogo,” ezinye iinguqulelo ziliguqulela ngokuthi “iGehena.” liyavisisana ‘nokufa kwesibini, idike lomlilo,’ elifanekisela intshabalalo kanaphakade efunyanwa kwincwadi yokugqibela yeBhayibhile.—ISityhilelo 20:14.

Ngokubhekisele kwamanye amagama amabini maxa wambi aguqulelwa ngokuthi “isihogo,” iA Dictionary of the Bible (1914), eyahlelwa nguWilliam Smith, iphawula oku: “Isihogo . . . ligama eliqhelekileyo yaye ngelishwa lisetyenziswa ngabaguquleli bethu ukuguqulela igama lesiHebhere elithi Sheol. Mhlawumbi bekuya kufaneleka ngakumbi ukugcina igama lesiHebhere elithi Sheol, okanye kungenjalo lisoloko liguqulelwa ngokuthi ‘ingcwaba’ okanye ‘umngxuma’. . . . KwiT[estamente] E[ntsha], igama elithi iHadesi, ngokufanayo negama elithi Sheol, maxa wambi lithetha nje ‘ingcwaba’ . . . Kungale ngqiqo ezithi izivumo zokholo ngayo leNkosi yethu ‘Wehla waya esihogweni,’ okuthetha imeko yabantu abafileyo ngokuqhelekileyo.”

Ngokungafaniyo neGehena, efanekisela intshabalalo yokugqibela, igama elithi Sheol nelithi Hadesi abhekisela kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo loluntu, ngethemba lokubuyiselwa ebomini kwakhona.—ISityhilelo 20:13.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 9]

UYesu wavusa uLazaro owayelele ukufa