Yintoni Le Ifihlwa Kangaka?

“AYIKHO into eluxanduva njengemfihlelo.” Litsho iqhalo lesiFrentshi. Ngaba oku kusisizathu sokuba sivuye xa sisazi imfihlelo ethile kodwa maxa wambi sikhathazeke xa singenakuthetha ngayo? Nangona kunjalo, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane abantu baye bakwamkela ukugcina iimfihlelo, beqokelelana ukuze bayile amaqela afihlakeleyo anosukelo olufanayo.

Phakathi kweyona mibutho midala efihlakeleyo kwakukho amahlelo ayimfihlelo awayefumaneka eYiputa, eGrisi naseRoma. Kamva la maqela ayilahla imvelaphi yawo yonqulo aza angena kwezobupolitika, ezoqoqosho okanye kwezentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kwakuqalisa imibutho yamafela-ndawonye (guilds) eYurophu ebudeni bamaxesha aphakathi, amalungu ayo abhenela ekubeni ngafihlayo ngokuyintloko ukuze azikhusele ngokoqoqosho.

Kule mihla ngokufuthi kuye kwayilwa amaqela afihlakeleyo ngezizathu ezihle, ngokutsho kwe-Encyclopædia Britannica anenjongo yokuzalisekisa “iinjongo zentlalo neziyingenelo ukuze aphumeze iinkqubo zokunceda abantu nezokufundisa.” Eminye imibutho emanyeneyo, imibutho yolutsha, imibutho yentlalo, namanye amaqela afihlakele, okanye ubuncinane inxalenye yawo ifihlakele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la maqela aba amsulwa, amalungu awo akufumanisa kuyinto ebangel’ imincili ukugcina iimfihlelo. Izithethe eziyimfihlelo zokungeniswa kwamalungu amatsha kula maqela zinomtsalane gqitha ngokweemvakalelo yaye zomeleza amaqhina obuhlobo nomanyano. Amalungu afumana imvakalelo yokuba nabahlobo neyokufeza injongo ethile. Imibutho efihlakeleyo elolu hlobo idla ngokungabi sisisongelo kwabo bangengawo amalungu ayo. Abangengawo amalungu ayo abalahlekelwa nto ngokungazazi ezo mfihlelo.

Xa Ukugcina Iimfihlelo Kusenokuba Yingozi

Amaqela afihlakeleyo awazigcini ngomlinganiselo ofanayo iimfihlelo. Kodwa ngendlela iEncyclopædia Britannica echaza ngayo, lawo agcina “iimfihlelo ngaphakathi kweemfihlelo” aba nobungozi ngandlel’ ithile. Ichaza isithi “ngokusebenzisa amagama akhethekileyo, ukuvavanywa okanye ngokuba nolwazi olukhethekileyo,” amalungu akwizikhundla eziphezulu ayakwazi “ukuzikhetha,” ngaloo ndlela ebangela “amalungu akwizikhundla ezingaphantsi enze umgudu wokufikelela amanqanaba aphezulu.” Ingozi ebakho kuloo maqela icacile. Abo bakumndilili basenokungazazi ngokupheleleyo iinjongo zokwenene zalo mbutho, ekubeni bengekafikeleli kumgangatho wokuba nolwazi oluyimfihlo. Kulula ukubandakanyeka kwiqela elinosukelo neendlela zokulufikelela ongaziqondi kakuhle yaye, ngokwenene, mhlawumbi ungazange uzixelelwe ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa umntu ongene kwiqela elinjalo kamva usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuzikhulula kulo; ngokungathi kunjalo, uqanyangelwe ngamakhamandela okugcina iimfihlelo.

Noko ke, ukugcina iimfihlelo kuyingozi nangakumbi xa elo qela linosukelo olungekho mthethweni okanye lokwaphula umthetho lize ngaloo ndlela lizame ukuzifihla. Okanye ukuba liyaziwa ukuba likho yaye neenjongo zalo eziqhelekileyo ziyaziwa, lisenokuzama ukugcina amalungu alo kunye noko lifuna ukukwenza kungekudala kuyimfihlelo. Enza njalo amaqela abagrogrisi anenzondelelo athi ngamaxesha athile agungqise ihlabathi ngohlaselo lwawo lobugrogrisi.

Ewe, ukugcina iimfihlelo kunokuba yingozi, kubantu ngabanye nakwibutho labantu liphela. Khawucinge ngamaqela afihlakeleyo ayilwe ngabo bakwishumi elivisayo axhaphaza amaxhoba amsulwa ngogonyamelo, imibutho yezaphuli-mthetho efana neMafia efihlakeleyo, amaqela alwela ukongama kwabamhlophe kwezinye iintlanga afana neKu Klux Klan,a singasathethi ngamaqela amaninzi abagrogrisi ehlabathini lonke aqhubeka ekatyisa imigudu yokufumana uxolo nonqabiseko ehlabathini.

Yintoni Azimisele Ukuyenza Ngoku?

Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1950, ngenxa yeMfazwe Yomlomo, kwalungelelaniswa amaqela afihlakeleyo kuninzi lwamazwe akwiNtshona Yurophu ukuze abe ngamaqela aya kuxhathisa ukuba abantu baseSoviet babenokuzama ukuthimba iNtshona Yurophu. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho kwephephancwadi leendaba lesiJamani iFocus, ebudeni belo xesha eOstriya kwasekwa “iindawo ezifihlakeleyo zokugcina izixhobo ezingama-79.” Amanye amazwe aseYurophu ayengazi nowathwethwa ngala maqela. Iphephancwadi leendaba lanikela ingxelo ehlab’ emxholweni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990 lisithi: “Into esingekayazi kukuba mingaphi kule mibutho esekho nanamhlanje nokuba izimisele ukwenza ntoni mvanje.”

Ewe, kunjalo kanye. Ngubani ngokwenene onokwazi ukuba mangaphi amaqela afihlakeleyo sithetha nje asenokuba asisisongelo esikhulu kunokuba sinokuthelekelela?

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]