ImiSongo YoLwandle Olufileyo—Kutheni Ufanele Ube Nomdla Kuyo?
Ngaphambi kokuba imiSongo YoLwandle Olufileyo ifunyanwe, eyona mibhalo-ngqangi midala yeZibhalo zesiHebhere yayisuka kwinkulungwane yesithoba neyeshumi kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Ngaba le mibhalo-ngqangi inokuthenjwa ngokwenene njengesuka kwiLizwi likaThixo, ekubeni imibhalo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere yagqitywa kwiminyaka emalunga newaka ngaphambili? UNjingalwazi uJulio Trebolle Barrera, ilungu leqela labahleli bemiSongo YoLwandle Olufileyo bazwenibanzi, uthi: “UmSongo kaIsaya [ovela eQumran] unobungqina obungenakuphikiswa bokuba abakhupheli abangamaYuda bakhuphela iindinyana zeBhayibhile kwixesha elingaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka ngokuchanileyo nangenyameko.”
IMISONGO uBarrera abhekisela kuyo iqulethe incwadi epheleleyo kaIsaya. De kube namhlanje, phakathi kwemibhalo-ngqangi yeBhayibhile engaphezu kwama-200 eyafumaneka eQumran, kuye kwafunyanwa iinxalenye zencwadi nganye yeZibhalo zesiHebhere, ngaphandle kukaEstere. Ngokungafaniyo nomSongo kaIsaya, inkoliso ineenxalenye nje kuphela, eziqulethe ngaphantsi kwesishumi saloo ncwadi. Iincwadi zeBhayibhile ezazibaluleke ngakumbi eQumran yayiyiNdumiso (imibhalo engama-36), iDuteronomi (imibhalo engama-29) noIsaya (imibhalo engama-21). Ezi zikwaziincwadi ezisoloko zikhankanywa qho kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike.
Nangona le misongo ibonisa ukuba iBhayibhile ayikhange itshintshe ngokuyintloko, ikwatyhila ukuba ukusa kumkhamo othile kwakukho iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zemibhalo yeBhayibhile yesiHebhere eyayisetyenziswa ngamaYuda kwixesha leTempile yeSibini, enye isahlukile kwenye. Asiyiyo yonke imisongo efanayo nemibhalo yeMasorete ngoonobumba okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwamagama. Eminye iphantse ifane neSeptuagint yesiGrike. Ngaphambili, abaphengululi babecinga ukuba ukwahluka kweSeptuagint kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngumphumo weempazamo okanye izinto ezafakelwa ngabom ngumguquleli. Ngoku le misongo ityhila ukuba umahluko omkhulu wawungenxa yokungafani kwemibhalo yesiHebhere. Oku kusenokucacisa iimeko ezithile apho amaKristu okuqala ayecaphula kwimibhalo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere esebenzisa amagama ahlukileyo kwimibhalo yeMasorete.—Eksodus 1:5; IZenzo 7:14.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukufunyaniswa kwale misongo yeBhayibhile neenxalenye zayo kunikela isizathu esivakalayo sokufundisisa ngokukhutshelwa kwemibhalo yeBhayibhile yesiHebhere. ImiSongo YoLwandle Olufileyo iye yaqinisekisa ukubaluleka kweSeptuagint nePentatiki yamaSamariya ukuze kuthelekiswe imibhalo. Kwanikelwa umthombo owongezelelekileyo ukuze abaguquleli beBhayibhile baqwalasele imibhalo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba iphuculiwe kwimibhalo yeMasorete. Kwiimeko eziliqela, kwaqinisekiswa izigqibo ezenziwe yiKomiti YeBhayibhile Yenguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha ukuze kubuyiselwe igama likaYehova kwiindawo eliye lakhutshwa kuzo kwimibhalo yeMasorete.
Imisongo echaza imithetho neenkolelo zehlelo laseQumran yenza kucace ukuba kwakungekho ndlela yabuYuda enye kuphela kwixesha likaYesu. Ihlelo laseQumran lalinezithethe ezahlukileyo kwezo zabaFarisi nabaSadusi. Kuyabonakala ukuba oku kwahluka kwakhokelela ekubeni eli hlelo liye entlango. Ngokuphosakeleyo lazibona lizalisekisa uIsaya 40:3 ongelizwi entlango elenza indlela kaYehova ingqale. Iqela lenxalenye yemisongo libhekisela kuMesiya, ababhali ababecinga ukuba ukuza kwakhe kukufuphi. Oku kubangela umdla kuba uLuka wathi “abantu babenolindelo” ngokuza kukaMesiya.—Luka 3:15.
Ngokomkhamo othile imiSongo YoLwandle Olufileyo isinceda siqonde ngobomi bamaYuda ebudeni bexesha lokushumayela kukaYesu. Inikela inkcazelo eluncedo xa kuhlolisiswa ngamaHebhere amandulo nemibhalo yeBhayibhile. Kodwa imibhalo emininzi yemiSongo YoLwandle Olufileyo isafuna ukuhlolisiswa kakuhle. Ngoko ke, kusenokufumaneka ukuqonda okutsha. Ewe, ukufunyaniswa kwezinto zakudala ezimbiweyo kwenkulungwane yama-20 kusaqhubeka kubangel’ imincili kubaphengululi nabafundi beBhayibhile njengoko siqhubeka nenkulungwane yama-21.
[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 7]
Qumran excavations: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.; manuscript: Courtesy of Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem