Bafuna Indlela Emxinwa

PHANTSE kwiminyaka enokuba ngama-550 eyadlulayo, amaqela amancinane abo babesithi bangamaKristu ePrague, eChelčice, eVilémov, eKlatovy, nakwezinye izixeko ngoku eziyiRiphabliki yaseCzech bawashiya amakhaya abo. Baya kuhlala kufuphi nedolophana yaseKunwald, kwintlambo esemntla-mpuma weBohemia, apho bakha izindlu ezincinane, balima, bafunda iBhayibhile, baza bazithiya ngokuthi Unity of Brethren, okanye ngesiLatini, Unitas Fratrum.

Aba baphambukeli babequka abantu abaneemvelaphi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwakukho abalimi, iindwalutho, abafundi baseyunivesithi, izityebi namahlwempu, amadoda namabhinqa, abahlolokazi neenkedama, bonke benenjongo enye. Babhala besithi: “Sathandaza kuThixo, sambongoza ukuba asityhilele ukuthanda Kwakhe ezintweni zonke. Sasifuna ukuhamba ezindleleni Zakhe.” Ngokwenene, iqela iUnity of Brethren, okanye iCzech Brethren, njengokuba ayebizwa njalo la makholwa, lafuna ‘indlela emxinwa esa ebomini.’ (Mateyu 7:13, 14) Eli phulo lalo lavelisa ziphi iinyaniso zeBhayibhile? Iinkolelo zalo zazahluke njani kwezo zazisamkelwa ngelo xesha, yaye yintoni esinokuyifunda kulo?

Ukuchaswa Kogonyamelo Nokulalanisa

Yimibutho eliqela yonqulo eyafak’ isandla ekuyilweni kweUnity of Brethren phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-15. Omnye wayo yayingamaWaldenses, umbutho owawukho ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-12. Ekuqaleni, amaWaldenses aqhekeka kumaRoma Katolika, icawa kaRhulumente kuMbindi Yurophu. Noko ke, kamva, aphinda azamkela ezinye iimfundiso zamaKatolika. Elinye iqela elalinempembelelo enkulu yayingamaHussites, abalandeli bakaJan Hus. Eli yayilelona qela likhulu lonqulo eCzech, kodwa lalingamanyananga. Kwakukho iimbambano ngemibandela yentlalo, ngoxa abanye babesebenzisa unqulo ukuhambisela phambili iinjongo zabo zobupolitika. Kwakhona amaBrethren aphenjelelwa ngamaqela awayekholelwa kulawulo lweminyaka eliwaka kuquka nabaphengululi beBhayibhile basekuhlaleni nabamanye amazwe.

UPeter Chelčický (malunga nowe-1390 ukusa malunga nowe-1460), umphengululi nomhlaziyi weBhayibhile yesiCzech, wayeqhelene neemfundiso zamaWaldenses nezamaHussites. Akazange awathande amaHussites ngenxa yogonyamelo olwalukho kumbutho wawo, kanti namaWaldenses wawagatya ngenxa yokulalanisa kwawo. Wayeyigqala imfazwe njengento engavisisaniyo nobuKristu. Wayevakalelwa kukuba “umthetho kaKristu” ufanele ulawule umKristu, enoba oko kwakuya kuzala nkomoni na. (Galati 6:2; Mateyu 22:37-39) Ngowe-1440, uChelčický wabhala incwadi yeemfundiso zakhe eyayisithi Net of the Faith.

UGregory wasePrague, owayephila ngexesha elinye nomphengululi uChelčický nowayeselula, wayechukumisekile ziimfundiso zikaChelčický kangangokuba wawushiya umbutho wamaHussites. Ngowe-1458, uGregory wakhuthaza amalungu amaqela amancinane awayefudula engamaHussites ukuba ashiye amakhaya awo kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseCzechia. La maqela aba phakathi kwabantu abamlandela ukuya kuhlala kwidolophana yaseKunwald, apho baqalisa khona ibutho elitsha lonqulo. Kamva, amaqela amaWaldenses aseCzech nawaseJamani nawo aza kuhlala apho.

Oko Kwenzekayo Kwixesha Elidluleyo

Ukususela ngowe-1464 ukusa kowe-1467, eli qela lincinane nelandayo laba neentlanganiso ezininzi kummandla waseKunwald laza lamkela izigqibo ezithile ezaziza kulandelwa ngulo mbutho mtsha wonqulo. Zonke ezi zigqibo zabhalwa ngenyameko kwiincwadi eziliqela, ngoku ezaziwa ngokuba yiActa Unitatis Fratrum (Acts of the Unity of Brethren), esekho nanamhlanje. Ezi ncwadi zalondolozwa njengenkcazelo yoko kwenzeka kwixesha elidluleyo, zinikela umfanekiso ocacileyo woko amaBrethren akholelwa kuko. Ezi ncwadi zaziqulethe iileta, amazwi abhaliweyo neenkcukacha zezinto awayengavisisani kuzo.

Ngokuphathelele iinkolelo zamaBrethren, iActa ithi: “Sizimisele ukulawula ngoko sikufunde eBhayibhileni nangomzekelo weNkosi yethu nangeengcamango zabapostile abangcwele, ukuthobeka nokuzeka kade umsindo, ukuthanda iintshaba zethu, ukuzenzela nokuzinqwenelela okuhle nokuzithandazela.” Ezi ncwadi zikwabonisa ukuba ekuqaleni amaBrethren ayeshumayela. Ayehamba ngababini, yaye amabhinqa ayengabashumayeli abaphumelelayo ekuhlaleni. AmaBrethren ayengazamkeli izikhundla zobupolitika, engafungi, yaye engabi nanxaxheba kwimicimbi yasemkhosini yaye engaziphathi izixhobo.

Ukuphela Komanyano

Noko ke, emva kwamashumi eminyaka, umanyano olwalukho kwiqela iUnity of Brethren lwaphela. Iingxwabangxwaba ngendlela ezazifanele zilandelwe ngokungqale ngayo iinkolelo zalo zabangela uqhekeko. Ngowe-1494 amaBrethren aqhekeka aba ngamaqela amabini—iqela eliyiMajor neMinor. Ngoxa iMajor Party yayingasazilandeli ngokungqongqo iinkolelo zayo zangaphambili, iMinor Party yayishumayela ukuba amaBrethren afanele angabi nanxaxheba kwaphela kwimicimbi yezobupolitika neyehlabathi.—Bona ibhokisi ethi “Kuthekani NgeMajor Party?”

Ngokomzekelo, elinye ilungu leMinor Party labhala: “Abantu abahamba kwiindlela ezimbini abanakuqiniseka enoba baya kubambelela kuThixo kusini na, kaloku abasoloko bemthobela yaye bathobela kwizinto ezincinane, kanti kwezinkulu bahamba ngabayibonayo. . . Singathanda ukubalwa phakathi kwabo banenzondelelo nezazela ezihle—abalandela iNkosi uKristu imihla ngemihla kwindlela emxinwa bethwele umnqamlezo wabo.”

Amalungu eMinor Party ayewugqala umoya oyingcwele njengamandla kaThixo asebenzayo, “umnwe” wakhe. Intlawulelo ayeyiqonda njengendlela uYesu owayefezekile awahlawulela ngayo ngobomi bakhe obufezekileyo oko uAdam owayenesono akulahlayo. Akazange amzukise uMariya, unina kaYesu. Avuselela imfundiso yokuba onke amakholwa angabefundisi abasenokutshata xa befuna. Akhuthaza ukuba onke amalungu ebandla ashumayele baze bagxothwe aboni abangaguqukiyo. Ayengenanxaxheba kwaphela kwimicimbi yomkhosi neyobupolitika. (Bona ibhokisi ethi “Oko Ayekukholelwa AmaBrethren EMinor Party.”) Ekubeni iMinor Party yabambelela kwizigqibo ezazibhalwe kwiActa, yayizigqala njengowona mbutho wokwenene weUnity of Brethren wamandulo.

Ukuthetha Ngokungafihlisi Nokutshutshiswa

Amalungu eMinor Party ayezigxeka ngokuphandle ezinye iinkonzo, kuquka neMajor Party. Ebhala ngezinye iinkonzo, athi: “Nifundisa ukuba kubhaptizwe abantwana abancinane abangenalukholo, yaye ngaloo nto nilandela imfundiso kabhishophu uDionysius owaphenjelelwa ngabantu abathile abaziziyatha waza wakhuthaza ukubhaptizwa kweentsana . . . Leyo yinto phantse bonke abafundisi abaziwayo abayikholelwayo, njengoLuther, uMelanchthon, uBucerus, uKorvín, uJileš, uBullinger, . . . neMajor Party, yaye nonke niqabana intshongo emehlweni.”

Njengokuba kwakulindelekile, amalungu eMinor Party atshutshiswa. Ngowe-1524 enye yeenkokeli zayo, uJan Kalenec, wakatswa waza watshiswa. Kamva amalungu amathathu eMinor Party atshiselwa kwisibonda somthi. Kubonakala ngathi iMinor Party yanyamalala malunga nowe-1550, emva kokufa kwenkokeli yayo yokugqibela.

Sekunjalo, amakholwa eMinor Party aba negalelo elikhulu kwimbali yonqulo yeYurophu yamaxesha aphakathi. Kuyavunywa ukuba, ekubeni “ulwazi lokwenyaniso” lwalungekabi luninzi ngemihla yeMinor Party, amalungu ayo akazange akwazi ukubugxotha ngokupheleleyo ubumnyama bokomoya obabunexesha elide bukho. (Daniyeli 12:4) Sekunjalo, umnqweno wawo wokufuna indlela emxinwa nokuhamba kuyo enoba seletshutshiswa yinto amaKristu namhlanje afanele acinge ngayo.

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 13]

Iincwadi ezingama-50 kwezingama-60 zesiBohemia (zesiCzech) ezashicilelwa ngowe-1500 ukusa kowe-1510 kuthiwa zashicilelwa ngamalungu eUnity of Brethren

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 11]

Kuthekani NgeMajor Party?

Yaphelela phi iMajor Party? Emva kokunyamalala kweMinor Party, iMajor Party yaqhubeka ingumbutho wonqulo, isaziwa ngokuba yiUnity of Brethren. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli qela laziguqula iinkolelo zalo zangaphambili. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, iUnity of Brethren yamanyana namaCzech Utraquists,a enyanisweni awayengamaLuthere. Noko ke, amaBrethren aqhubeka eguqulela yaye epapasha iBhayibhile nezinye iincwadi zonqulo. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, amaphepha omxholo kwiincwadi zawo zokuqala ayeneTetragrammaton, njengoko besaziwa njalo oonobumba abane besiHebhere begama likaThixo.

Ngowe-1620, ubukhosi baseCzech banyanzeleka ukuba buphinde bulawulwe ngamaRoma Katolika. Ngenxa yoku, amaBrethren eMajor Party ahamba kweli lizwe aza aqhubeka nomsebenzi wawo kwamanye amazwe. Apho, eli qela kamva laziwa ngokuba iCawa iMoravia (iMoravia yayiyenye yeendawo zaseCzech), esekho nanamhlanje.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 12]

Oko Ayekukholelwa AmaBethren EMinor Party

La mazwi alandelayo athethwa ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16 kwiActa Unitatis Fratrum achaza ezinye zeenkolelo zeMinor Party. Abhalwa ziinkokeli zeMinor Party, ngokuyintloko ebhekiswa kwiMajor Party.

UBathathu Emnye: “Enoba unokuyifunda iBhayibhile iphela, akusayi kufumana ndawo ethi uThixo wahlulahlulwe wanguBathathu Emnye, abantu abathathu ababizwe ngamagama, njengokuba abantu becinga.”

Umoya oyingcwele: “Umoya oyingcwele ngumnwe kaThixo nesipho sikaThixo, okanye umthuthuzeli, okanye Amandla kaThixo, uBawo awanika amakholwa egameni likaKristu. Akukho ndawo kwiZibhalo Ezingcwele ekuthiwa kuyo umoya oyingcwele ufanele ubizwe ngokuthi nguThixo okanye uMntu; yaye oko akufumaneki nakwiimfundiso zabapostile.”

Ubufundisi: “Ngempazamo banibiza ngokuthi “mfundisi”, ukuba ninokuzisusa ezo zithsaba zenu naloo mafutha nithi ayaphilisa, akukho nto enahluke ngayo kwabanye abantu abaqhelekileyo. INgcwele uPetros yathi onke amaKristu ngabefundisi, isithi: Ningabefundisi abangcwele abanikela imibingelelo yokomoya. (1 Petros 2)”

Ubhaptizo: “INkosi uKristu yathi kubapostile bayo: Yiyani ehlabathini lonke, nishumayele iVangeli kubantu bonke, kwabo baya kukholwa. (Marko, isahluko 16) Kuphela baya kusindiswa emva kokuba nenze oku: baza babhaptizwa. Nina nifundisa ukuba kubhaptizwe abantwana abancinane abangekakholwa.”

Ubundilele: “Into abazalwana benu ngaphambili ababeyigqala njengembi nengcolileyo, ukuba lilungu lomkhosi nokubulala okanye ukuhamba nixhobile, konke oko nikugqala kulungile . . . Ngoko ke sivakalelwa kukuba nina, kunye nabanye abefundisi, nisifunda ngeliso lasekhohlo isiprofeto esithi: Waphula isaphetha, amakhaka nekrele waphelisa nemfazwe. (INdumiso 75) Yaye kwakhona: Abasayi konakalisa okanye batshabalalise kuyo yonke intaba yam engcwele, ngoba umhlaba weNkosi uya kuzala kukwazi uThixo, njalo njalo. (Isaya, isahluko 11).”

Ukushumayela: “Sazi kakuhle ukuba ekuqaleni, amabhinqa aye aguqula abantu abaninzi kunabefundisi nobhishophu. Yaye ngoku abefundisi bathe gcobho kwizindlu abazinikwe yicawa. Enjani yona ukuba nkulu impazamo! Yiyani ehlabathini lonke. Shumayelani . . . kubantu bonke.”

[Iimaphu ezikwiphepha 10]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

GERMANY

POLAND

CZECH REPUBLIC

BOHEMIA

Elbe River

PRAGUE

Vitava River

Klatovy

Chelcice

Kunwald

Vilemov

MORAVIA

Danube River

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10, 11]

Ekhohlo: UPeter Chelčický; ngezantsi: iphepha elithile kwincwadi ethi “Net of the Faith”

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 11]

UGregory wasePrague

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 13]

Yonke imifanekiso: S laskavým svolením knihovny Národního muzea v Praze, C̆esko