Amabhodlo AseTel Arad Anikela Ubungqina
Isixeko esilahlekileyo. Itempile eyimfihlo. Intlaninge yemibhalo yamandulo. Ezi zinto zisenokuvakala ngathi zizinto ezenzeka kwimovie. Ngabembi bezinto zakudala abafumanisa le mibhalo nezinye izinto, ezazingcwatywe kangangeenkulungwane ngaphantsi kwentlango yaseTel Arad, kwaSirayeli.
NAMHLANJE, abantu abaninzi abatyelela apha badla ngokucinga ukuba iArad yidolophu yakwaSirayeli. Inabemi abangama-27 000, imi kwintlango yakwaYuda entshona yoLwandle Olufileyo. Noko ke, iArad isixeko sakwaSirayeli samandulo ekuthethwa ngaso sasakhiwe malunga neekhilomitha ezisi-8 entshona. Kukwesi sixeko apho abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana imibhalo nezinto ezazisetyenziswa.
Le mibhalo yafunyanwa kwiingceba, amaqhekeza ocwecwe odongwe ekwakubhalwa kuwo. Ukubhala ngaloo ndlela kwakuqhelekile ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile. Eli nxiwa liye lachazwa njengelona lineengceba ezininzi eziye zafunyanwa kwaSirayeli. Yintoni ebalulekileyo ngokwembiwa kwezi zinto zakudala?
Ezi zinto ziye zafunyaniswa apha zigubungela ixesha elide lembali, zisusela kwixesha labagwebi bakwaSirayeli ukuza kuthi ga ekuhlaselweni kukaYuda ngamaBhabhiloni ngowama-607 B.C.E. Ezi zinto ziluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuchana kweBhayibhile. Kwakhona zibonisa indlela amaSirayeli ayelijonga ngayo igama likaThixo.
IArad NeBhayibhile
Enyanisweni, iBhayibhile ithetha kancinane ngeArad. Ngaxa lithile esi sixeko sasikhonya kwezorhwebo. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba imbali yokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala ibonisa ukuba esi sixeko samandulo sasidla ngokoyiswa sitshatyalaliswe size sakhiwe kwakhona. Ekubeni esi sixeko sasisoloko sisakhiwa saba sikhulu kakhulu.
IBhayibhile ibhekisela kwesi sixeko xa ithetha ngohambo lwamaSirayeli lweminyaka engama-40 yokubhadula entlango. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokufa komntwabo Moses uAron, abantu bakaThixo banqumla kumda osemazantsi weLizwe Lesithembiso. Kucacile ukuba ukumkani wakwaKanan wayecinga ukuba uza kuwathi qwaka qwaka amaSirayeli. Wawahlasela. Ekubeni ayexhaswa nguYehova uThixo, amaSirayeli alwa, aze oyisa ngokupheleleyo aze asitshabalalisa esi sixeko sayingqushu, nangona bekho abantu ekubonakala kuba basinda.—Numeri 21:1-3.
AmaKanan akhawuleza asakha esi sixeko sawo, xa uYoshuwa wafika kwesi sixeko kwakhona emva kweminyaka embalwa emva koku, ehlasela esithi gqi ngasentla edudula amaKanan ‘ummandla wentaba neNegebhi,’ omnye wabantu alwa nabo ‘yayingukumkani waseArad.’ (Yoshuwa 10:40; 12:14) Kamva inzala kaHobhabhi umKeni, owathelela inkampu yamaSirayeli ngoxa ayebhadula entlango, wahlala kulo mmandla waseNagebhi.—ABagwebi 1:16.
Ukufunyaniswa Kwezinto Zakudala
Ezinye zeziganeko ekuthethwa ngazo eBhayibhileni, amabhodlo aseTel Arad ayasinceda ukuqonda izinto ezithile. Ngokomzekelo abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana uthotho lwamabhodlo. Amanye ala mabhodlo asusela kwixesha likaKumkani uSolomon, owakha izakhiwo ezikhulu. (1 Kumkani 9:15-19) Ezinye zezinto ezembiwa apha zabonisa ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesixeko malunga nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo. Ezi zinto zingqamana nexesha lokuhlasela koKumkani waseYiputa uShishaki, emva kweminyaka emihlanu efile uSolomon. EKanaki eYiputa, kwenziwa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ukuze kuvuyelwe eso siganeko idwelisa iArad phakathi kwezixeko ezoyiswayo.—2 Kronike 12:1-4.
Eyona nto ibangel’ umdla kakhulu ngamaqhekeza amacwecwe—amalunga nama-200 ayenamagama esiHebhere afumaneka eBhayibhileni, njengelithi Pashure, Meremoti noonyana bakaKora. Amanye ala macwecwe abangel’ umdla kuba aquka igama likaThixo. Libhalwe ngoonobumba abane besiHebhere יהוה (YAHW)—abadla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiTetragrammaton—eli ligama likaThixo usomandla kuphela. Kamva, iinkolelo zabenza abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukubiza okanye ukubhala igama likaThixo kukunyelisa. Noko ke, izinto ezafunyanwa eTel Arad, njengezinye ezininzi zaqinisekisa ukuba ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile igama likaThixo lalisetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo, ekubuliseni naxa kusikelelwa abantu. Ngokomzekelo omnye umbhalo unamagama athi: “KwiNkosi yam uElyashib. Ngamana uYahweh [uYehova] angakusikelela. . . . Uhlala etempileni kaYahweh.”
Kuthekani ngala tempile ikhankanywe ekuqaleni? Isakhiwo esiseTel Arad esiye sabangela ukuthetha okuninzi sisakhiwo setempile, esinesibingelelo, esasikho ukususela ngexesha lamaYuda. Nangona sisincinane kunetempile kaSolomon eseYerusalem, sinezinto ezininzi esifana ngazo naso. Kwakutheni ukuze yakhiwe le tempile yaye yakhiwa nini? Yayisetyenziswa njani? Abembi bezinto zakudala nezazi ngembali azinanto inesihlahla ziyacingela kuphela.
UYehova walitsolisa elokuba itempile yaseYerusalem yayikuphela kwesazulu sokubhiyozela imithendeleko namadini. (Duteronomi 12:5; 2 Kronike 7:12) Itempile yaseArad yakhiwa kuvukelwa uMthetho kaThixo, mhlawumbi kwakungexesha abantu abaninzi abawexuka ngalo kunqulo lokwenyaniso. (Hezekile 6:13) Ukuba kunjalo, esi sazulu somgunyathi esasifuzisela unqulo lokwenyaniso sachithwa xa uHezekiya okanye uYosiya wayehlaziya unqulo lokwenyaniso ngenkulungwane yesibhozo neyesixhenxe Ngaphambi Kwexesha Eliqhelekileyo.—2 Kronike 31:1; 34:3-5, 33.
Kucacile, ukuba imbali encinane yeArad inezifundo ezibalulekileyo kuthi. Emva kweenkulungwane, kuye kwembiwa izinto zakudala eziqinisekisa ukuchana kweBhayibhile, ezingqina ukuvela konqulo lobuxoki olwalukhuphisana nonqulo lokwenyaniso yaye zisinika imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwegama likaYehova yonke imihla.
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(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
JERUSALEM
Dead Sea
Arad
Tel Arad
[Inkcazelo]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
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Umfanekiso okrolwe eludongeni lwaseKarnak, eYiputa
[Inkcazelo]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
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Inxalenye yalo mbhalo ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ngamana uYahweh [uYehova] angakusikelela”
[Inkcazelo]
Photograph © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority
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Inxalenye yesakhiwo setempile esiseTel Arad
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Indlela ebonakala ngayo inqaba yaseTel Arad kwicala elingasempuma
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Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com