UYehova
Ingcaciso: Ligama lobuqu lokuphela koThixo oyinyaniso. Ligama awazinika lona. UYehova unguMdali ibe, ngokufanelekileyo, unguMlawuli onguMongami wendalo iphela. Igama elithi “Yehova” liguqulelwe ngokuphuma kwiTetragrammaton yesiHebhere eyile, יהוה, gama elo elithetha “Ozibangela Abe.” Aba nobumba bane besiHebhere kwiilwimi ezininzi bamelwa ngoonobumba abangaba JHVH okanye YHWH.
Igama likaThixo lifumaneka phi kwiinguqulelo zeBhayibhile ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje?
The New English Bible: Igama elithi Yehova libonakala kwiEksodus 3:15; 6:3. Bona kwaneGenesis 22:14; Eksodus 17:15; ABagwebi 6:24; Hezekile 48:35. (Kodwa ukuba le nguqulelo kwanezinye zisebenzisa igama elithi “Yehova” kwiindawo eziliqela, kutheni le nto zingavisisani ekulisebenziseni kuzo zonke iindawo apho iTetragrammaton ibonakala khona kwisiHebhere?)
Revised Standard Version: Umbhalo osemazantsi kwiEksodus 3:15 uthi: “Igama elithi NKOSI xa libhalwa ngoonobumba abakhulu, limela igama likaThixo, elithi, YHWH.”
Today’s English Version: Umbhalo osemazantsi kwiEksodus 6:3 uthi: “INKOSI: . . . Apho isiHebhere sinoYahweh, ngokuqhelekileyo oguqulelwa njengokuba enjalo ngokuthi Jehovah, le nguqulelo isebenzisa elithi NKOSI ngoonobumba abakhulu, ngokulandela indlela esetyenziswayo nexhaphakileyo kwiinguqulelo zesiNgesi.”
King James Version: Igama elithi Yehova lifumaneka kwiEksodus 6:3; kwiNdumiso 83:18; kuIsaya 12:2; 26:4. Bona kwaneGenesis 22:14; Eksodus 17:15; ABagwebi 6:24.
American Standard Version: Igama elithi Yehova lisetyenziswa ngokuvisisanayo kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere kule nguqulelo, ukususela kwiGenesis 2:4.
Douay Version: Umbhalo osemazantsi kwiEksodus 6:3 uthi: “Igama lam nguAdonai. Eli gama, likwisiHebhere, lelona gama lokoqobo likaThixo, elibonisa ubunaphakade bakhe, ubukho bakhe obungabangelwanga ngomnye umntu, (Eks. 3, :14,) awathi amaYuda ngenxa yentlonelo akaze alithethe; kodwa, endaweni yoko, naphi na apho libonakala khona eBhayibhileni, alifunda ngokuthi Adonai, gama elo elithetha iNkosi; ibe, ngoko ke, izikhamiso ezizezegama elithi Adonai, azibeka koonobumba abane beli gama lingathethwayo lithi, Jod, He, Vau, He. Kungoko le nto abathile banamhla beye bayila igama elithi Jehovah, elingaziwayo ngabo bonke abantu bamandulo, enoba ngamaYuda okanye ngamaKristu; kuba ayaziwa indlela echanileyo yokubizwa kweli gama, lilelesiHebhere, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwalo ngokuphosakelyo ithuba elide.” (Kubangel’ umdla ukuba iThe Catholic Encyclopedia [1913, umqulu VIII, iphe. 329] ibe ithi: “UJehovah, igama lokoqobo likaThixo kwiTestamente Endala; kungoko le nto amaYuda alibiza ngokuthi ligama ngobungangamsha, ligama elikhulu nokuthi kuphela kwegama.”)
The Holy Bible eyaguqulelwa nguRonald A. Knox: Igama elithi Yahweh lifumaneka kumbhalo osemazantsi we-Eksodus 3:14 nakwesesi-6:3.
The New American Bible: Umbhalo osemazantsi kwiEksodus 3:14 ukhetha igama elithi “Yahweh,” kodwa eli gama alibonakali kwiindinyana zaloo nguqulelo. KuHlelo lukaJoseph Ongcwele, bona kwanesihlomelo sesichazi-mazwi seBhayibhile phantsi komxholo othi “Lord” nothi “Yahweh.”
The Jerusalem Bible: ITetragrammaton iguqulelwe ngokuthi Yahweh, ukususela apho ibonakala khona okokuqala, kwiGenesis 2:4.
New World Translation: Igama elithi Yehova lisetyenziswe kokubini kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere nakwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike kule nguqulelo, libonakala izihlandlo ezingama-7 210.
An American Translation: KwiEksodus 3:15 nesesi-6:3 igama elithi Yahweh lisetyenzisiwe, lilandelwa lelithi “INKOSI” kwizibiyeli.
The Bible in Living English, nguS. T. Byington: Igama elithi Yehova lisetyenziswe kuzo zonke iZibhalo zesiHebhere.
The ‘Holy Scriptures’ eguqulelwe nguJ. N. Darby: Igama elithi Yehova libonakala kuzo zonke iZibhalo zesiHebhere, nakwimibhalo esemazantsi emininzi kwiindinyana zeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike, ukususela kuMateyu 1:20.
The Emphatic Diaglott, nguBenjamin Wilson: Igama elithi Yehova lifumaneka kuMateyu 21:9 nakwezinye iindawo ezili-17 kule nguqulelo yeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike.
The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text—A New Translation, uMbutho Weempapasho ZamaYuda WaseMerika, uMax Margolis umhleli oyintloko: KwiEksodus 6:3 iTetragrammaton yesiHebhere ibonakala kwisiNgesi.
The Holy Bible eguqulelwe nguRobert Young: Igama elithi Yehova lifumaneka kuzo zonke iZibhalo zesiHebhere kule nguqulelo ichaza ngokoqobo.
Kutheni le nto iinguqulelo ezininzi zeBhayibhile zingalisebenzisi igama lobuqu likaThixo okanye zilisebenzisa kuphela izihlandlo ezimbalwa?
Intshayelelo yeRevised Standard Version icacisa ngokuthi: “Ngenxa yezizathu ezibini iKomiti ibuyele kwindlela eqheleke ngakumbi esetyenziswayo yeKing James Version: (1) igama elithi ‘Jehovah’ alimeli ngokuchanileyo nayiphi na imo yeGama elakhe lasetyenziswa kwisiHebhere; yaye (2) ukusetyenziswa kwalo naliphi na igama lokoqobo kuThixo omnye okuphela kwakhe, ngokungathi bekukho abanye oothixo amele ahlulwe kubo, kwayekwa ebuYudeni ngaphambi kwexesha lobuKristu yaye akulufanelanga ngokupheleleyo ukholo lweCawa yamaKristu luphela.” (Ngaloo ndlela baye bakholosa ngembono yabo ngoko kufanelekileyo njengesizinzi sokushenxisa igama lobuqu loMbhali onguThixo kwiBhayibhile Engcwele, ogama lakhe libonakala kwisiHebhere sangaphambili ngokufuthi ngakumbi kunalo naliphi na elinye igama okanye naso nasiphi na isibizo. Bayavuma kuba balandela umzekelo wabalandeli bobuYuda, uYesu awathi ngabo: “Niwuphangile ke igunya umthetho kaThixo ngenxa yesithethe senu.”—Mat. 15:6.)
Abaguquleli abaye banoluvo lokuba babophelelekile ngokufaka igama lobuqu likaThixo ubuncinane kube kanye okanye mhlawumbi izihlandlo ezimbalwa kwiindinyana, nangona bengenjinjalo ngaso sonke isihlandlo elibonakala ngaso kwisiHebhere, ngokucacileyo baye balandela umzekelo kaWilliam Tyndale, owalifakayo igama likaThixo kwinguqulelo yakhe yePentatike neyapapashwa ngowe-1530, ngaloo ndlela elulahla uqheliselo lokulishiya ngokupheleleyo eli gama.
Ngaba igama elithi Yehova lalisetyenziswa ngababhali abaphefumlelweyo beZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike?
UJerome, kwinkulungwane yesine, wabhala oku: “UMateyu, okwangumLevi, nowathi ephuma ekubeni ngumbuthi werhafu waba ngumpostile, okokuqala wenza iVangeli kaKristu kwelakwaYuda ngolwimi lwesiHebhere ukuze kungenelwe abo bolwaluko ababethe bakholwa.” (De viris inlustribus, isahl. III) Le Vangeli iquka iingcaphulo ezingqalileyo ezili-11 zamacandelo eZibhalo zesiHebhere apho iTetragrammaton ifumaneka khona. Asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba uMateyu akazange azicaphule ezo zicatshulwa njengoko zazibhalwe ngesiHebhere awayecaphula kuso.
Abanye ababhali abaphefumlelweyo abafak’ isandla kokubhalwe kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike basebenzisa iingcaphulo ezingamakhulukhulu eziphuma kwiSeptuagint, inguqulelo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere eziya kwisiGrike. Uninzi lwezi zicatshulwa zazinayo iTetragrammaton yesiHebhere phakathi kuloo mibhalo yesiGrike yangaphambili yeSeptuagint. Ngokuvisisana nesimo sengqondo sikaYesu ngegama likaYise, abafundi bakaYesu ngebalilondolozayo elo gama kwezo ngcaphulo.—Thelekisa uYohane 17:6, 26.
KwiJournal of Biblical Literature, uGeorge Howard weYunivesithi yaseGeorgia wabhala oku: “Ngokwenyaniso siyazi ukuba amaYuda atheth’ isiGrike aqhubeka ebhala ngokuthi יהוה kwiZibhalo zawo zesiGrike. Ngaphezu koko, kungangenkankulu ukuba amaKristu angamaYuda akuqala awayethanda isithethe nawayetheth’ isiGrike akazange akuqhelisele oku. Nangona kwiimbekiselo zesibini ezingoThixo mhlawumbi alisebenzisa igama elithi [uThixo] nelithi [iNkosi], ngekwaba yinto engumnqa gqitha kuwo ukuba ayilahlele kude iTetragram kwiBhayibhile ngokwayo. . . . Ekubeni iTetragram yayisabhalwe kwimibhalo yeBhayibhile yesiGrike eyayibumba iZibhalo zebandla lokuqala, kusengqiqweni ukukholelwa ukuba ababhali beTestamente Entsha, xa babecaphula kwiZibhalo, abazange bayilahle iTetragram kwiBhayibhile. . . . Kodwa xa yashenxiswayo kwiTestamente Endala ebhalwe ngesiGrike, kwakhona yashenxiswa kwiingcaphulo zeTestamente Endala ezikwiTestamente Entsha. Ngaloo ndlela ngathuba lithile ngasekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yesibini ukusetyenziswa kwamagama angabameli beli kumele ukuba kwabangela ukushenxiswa kweTetragram kuzo zombini ezi Testamente.”—Umqu. 96, No. 1, Matshi 1977, iphe. 76, 77.
Liliphi igama likaThixo elichanileyo—lelithi Yehova okanye Yahweh?
Akukho mntu namhlanje onokuqiniseka ngendlela elalibizwa ngayo ngaphambili ngesiHebhere. Kutheni kunjalo nje? IsiHebhere esasisetyenziswa eBhayibhileni ngaphambili sasibhalwa ngamaqabane (consonants) kuphela, kungekho zikhamiso. Xa olu lwimi lwalusetyenziswa imihla ngemihla, ngokulula abafundi bazifakelela izikhamiso ezifanelekileyo. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaYuda aqalisa ukuba neengcamango zeenkolo zokuba kwakuphosakele ukulithetha ngokuvakalayo igama lobuqu likaThixo, ngoko asebenzisa amagama amela eli. Kwiinkulungwane kamva, abaphengululi bamaYuda bavelisa inkqubo yamagama ekwakunokuthi ngayo kuboniswe ukuba ziziphi na izikhamiso ezazimele ukusetyenziswa xa kwakufundwa isiHebhere samandulo, kodwa babeka izikhamiso zamabinzana amelayo ngakumaqabane amane amela igama likaThixo. Ngaloo ndlela indlela yangaphambili yokubizwa kwegama likaThixo yaba yengaziwayo.
Abaphengululi abaninzi bakhetha elithi “Yahweh,” kodwa akukho uqinisekileyo ibe abavumelani ngalo. Kwelinye icala, elithi “Jehovah” ligama eliqondwa ngokulula gqitha, kuba lisetyenziswe kwisiNgesi kangangeenkulungwane ibe, ngokulinganayo nezinye iindlela, linawo amaqabane amane eTetragrammaton yesiHebhere.
UJ. B. Rotherham, kwiThe Emphasised Bible, wasebenzisa igama elithi Yahweh kuzo zonke iZibhalo zesiHebhere. Noko ke, kamva kwiStudies in the Psalms zakhe wasebenzisa igama elithi “Jehovah.” Wacacisa ngokuthi: “UJEHOVAH—Ukusetyenziswa kwale mo yesiNgesi yegama elisiSikhumbuzo . . . kwinguqulelo yanamhla yeeNdumiso akubangelwanga kuko nakuphi na ukuthandabuza ngokubhekisele kwindlela echane ngakumbi yokubizwa kwalo, ngokuthi Yahwéh; kodwa ngokupheleleyo kubangelwe bubungqina obuluncedo bokukhetha ngokobuqu ukunqwenela ukuhambisana nowonkewonke kumcimbi ololu hlobo, ekuthi kuwo eyona nto iyintloko ibe kukuqondwa lula kwegama likaThixo ekucingwa ngalo.”—(London, 1911), iphe. 29.
Emva kokuxubusha ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulibiza, unjingalwazi ongumJamani uGustav Friedrich Oehler wagqiba ngelithi: “Ukususela kweli nqanaba ukubhekisa phambili ndisebenzisa igama elithi Jehovah, kuba, ngokwenene, eli gama ngoku liye laqheleka ngakumbi kwisigama sethu, yaye alinakuthatyathelw’ indawo.”—Theologie des Alten Testaments, uhlelo lwesibini (Stuttgart, 1882), iphe. 143.
Umphengululi ongumJesuit uPaul Joüon uthi: “Kwiinguqulelo zethu, endaweni yokusebenzisa uYahweh (othelekelelwayo), sisebenzise uJéhovah . . . oyindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwisiFrentshi.”—Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique (Rome, 1923), umbhalo osemazantsi kwiphe. 49.
Amagama amaninzi ayaguquka ngomlinganiselo othile xa esuswa kolunye ulwimi esisiwa kolunye. UYesu wazalwa engumYuda, ibe igama lakhe ngesiHebhere mhlawumbi lalibizwa ngokuthi Ye·shuʹa‛, kodwa ababhali abaphefumlelweyo beZibhalo zamaKristu abazange bathandabuze ukusebenzisa imo yesiGrike yeli gama, I·e·sousʹ. Kwezinye iilwimi ezininzi libizwa ngokwahluke nje kancinane, kodwa ngokukhululekileyo sisebenzisa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kulwimi lwethu. Kukwayinto efanayo nangamanye amagama eBhayibhile. Ngoko, sinokuyibonisa njani intlonelo efanelekileyo ngaLowo unelona gama libalulekileyo kubo bonke? Ngaba besiya kuyibonisa ngokungaze sithethe okanye ngokungaze silibhale igama lakhe kuba singayazi ngqo indlela elalibizwa ngayo ngaphambili? Okanye, kunoko, besiya kulihlonela ngokusebenzisa indlela elibhalwa ngayo nelibizwa ngayo eqhelekileyo kulwimi lwethu, ngoxa sithetha kakuhle ngoMnini walo yaye siziphatha njengabanquli bakhe ngendlela ezukisa yena?
Kutheni kubalulekile ukwazi nokusebenzisa igama likaThixo lobuqu?
Ngaba unalo ulwalamano lobuqu nabani na ogama lakhe lobuqu ungalaziyo? Kubantu uThixo angenagama kubo udla ngokuba ngamandla nje angengawo awokwenene, angabi ngumntu wokwenene, angabi nguthile abamaziyo nabamthandayo nabanokuthetha naye ngokuphuma ezintliziyweni xa bethandaza. Ukuba bathi bathandaze, imithandazo yabo iba sisithethe nje, uphindaphindo olusisithethe lwamazwi acengceleziweyo.
AmaKristu okwenyaniso anothumo oluvela kuYesu Kristu lokwenza abafundi babantu bazo zonke iintlanga. Xa kufundiswa aba bantu, bekuya kwenzeka njani ukufanisa uThixo oyinyaniso njengowahlukileyo koothixo bobuxoki beentlanga? Kuphela kungokusebenzisa igama Lakhe lobuqu, njengoko iBhayibhile isenjenjalo.—Mat. 28:19, 20; 1 Kor. 8:5, 6.
Eks. 3:15: “Wathi uThixo kuMoses, Wothi koonyana bakaSirayeli, UYehova, uThixo wooyihlo, . . . undithumile kuni: ligama lam elo ngonaphakade, sisikhumbuzo sam eso kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.”
Isa. 12:4: “Bulelani kuYehova, nqulani igama lakhe, zaziseni ezizweni izenzo zakhe, izenzo zakhe ezincamisayo; likhankanyeni igama lakhe kuba liyingxonde.”
Hez. 38:17, 23: “Itsho iNkosi uYehova ukuthi, . . . Ndiya kuzikhulisa, ndizingcwalise, ndizazise ngokwam emehlweni eentlanga ezininzi; zazi ukuba ndinguYehova.”
Mal. 3:16: “Abamoyikayo uYehova bathetha elowo nowabo; uYehova wazibaza iindlebe, weva; incwadi yokukhumbuza phambi kwakhe yabhalelwa abamoyikayo uYehova, abacinga ngegama lakhe.”
Yoh. 17:26: “[UYesu wathandaza kuYise wathi:] Ndabazisa [abalandeli bakhe] igama lakho, ndandiya kubazisa; ukuze uthando ondithande ngalo lube kubo, nam ndibe kubo.”
Ize. 15:14: “USimon lo ukucacisile ukuba wathini na ekuqaleni uThixo ukuzivelela iintlanga, ukuba kuzo alinyulele abantu elakhe igama.”
Ngaba uYehova ‘kwiTestamente Endala’ unguYesu Kristu ‘kwiTestamente Entsha’?
Mat. 4:10, NW: “UYesu wathi kuye: ‘Hamba, Sathana! Kuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, “NguYehova [“yiNkosi,” BX nezinye] uThixo wakho omele umnqule, ibe kukuye kuphela omele unikele inkonzo engcwele.”’” (Ngokucacileyo uYesu wayengathethi ukuba nguye ngokwakhe owayemele kukunqulwa.)
Yoh. 8:54: “Waphendula [amaYuda] uYesu wathi, Ukuba mna ndithi ndizizukise, uzuko lwam alungebi nto; nguBawo ondizukisayo; enithi nina nguThixo wenu.” (IZibhalo zesiHebhere zimchaza ngokucacileyo uYehova njengoThixo amaYuda awayesithi ayamnqula. UYesu wathi, uYehova wayenguYise, akazange athi yena wayenguYehova. UYesu apha wakwenza kwacaca gqitha ukuba yena noYise babe ngabantu abahlukileyo.)
INdu. 110:1: “Utsho uYehova eNkosini yam [kwekaDavide] ukuthi, Hlala ngasekunene kwam, ndide iintshaba zakho ndizenze isitulo seenyawo zakho.” (KuMateyu 22:41-45, uYesu wacacisa ukuba yena ‘wayeyiNkosi’ kaDavide, ekuthethwe ngayo kule ndumiso. Ngoko uYesu akangoYehova kodwa ungulowo amazwi kaYehova awayebhekiselwe kuye apha.)
Fil. 2:9-11: “Kungoko athe uThixo wamphakamisa kakhulu [uYesu Kristu], wamnika igama elingaphezu kwawo onke amagama; ukuze ngegama likaYesu onke amadolo agobe, awabasemazulwini, nawabasemhlabeni, nawabaphantsi komhlaba; zithi zonke iilwimi zixele ukuba uYesu Kristu uyiNkosi, kuze kuzukiswe uThixo uYise. [IDy ifundeka ngokuthi: “ . . . zonk’ iilwimi zimele zivume ukuba iNkosi uYesu Kristu ikuzuko loThixo uYise.” IKx neCC zifundeka ngokufanayo, kodwa umbhalo osemazantsi weKx uvuma ngelithi: “ . . . mhlawumbi isiGrike ngokuqheleke ngakumbi siguqulelwa ngokuthi ‘kuse kuzuko,’” ibe iNAB neJB zikuguqulela ngaloo ndlela.]” (Phawula ukuba uYesu Kristu apha uboniswa ahlukile kuThixo uYise ibe uzithoba Kuye.)
Umntu unokumthanda njani uYehova ukuba ukwamele oyike Yena?
IBhayibhile isixelela ukuba simele sithande uYehova (Luka 10:27) size simoyike. (1 Pet. 2:17; IMize. 1:7; 2:1-5; 16:6) Ukumoyika kakuhle uThixo kuya kusenza silumke gqitha ukuze sikuphephe ukuzizisela ingqumbo yakhe. Ukuthanda kwethu uYehova kuya kusishukumisela sifune ukwenza izinto ezimkholisayo, sibonakalise umbulelo wethu ngeembonakaliso ezininzi zothando lwakhe nobabalo lwakhe.
Imizekeliso: Unyana ngokufanelekileyo uyakoyika ukungamkholisi uyise, kodwa ukuxabisa konke oko uyise amenzela kona kwakhona kumele kushukumise unyana ukuba abonakalise uthando lokwenyaniso ngoyise. Intlambi etshona phantsi kwamanzi isenokuthi iyaluthanda ulwandle, kodwa ukuloyika kakuhle kuyibangela iqonde ukuba kukho izinto ezithile emele ikuphephe ukuzenza. Ngokufanayo, ukuthanda kwethu uThixo kumele kuhlanganiswe noloyiko olufanelekileyo lokwenza nantoni na eya kuzisa ingqumbo yakhe.