Ibali Lobomi
Ukulwela Ukuhlala Somelele Ngokomoya
Kubalisa uRolf Brüggemeier
Ileta yokuqala endayifumana entolongweni yayivela kumhlobo wam, endixelela ukuba umama nabaninawa bam—uPeter, uJochen, noManfred—nabo babanjiwe. Oodadewethu abancinane basala bengenabazali okanye abantakwabo abaza kubanyamekela. Kwakutheni ukuze intsapho yakuthi itshutshiswe ngurhulumente waseMpuma Jamani? Sancedwa yintoni ukuze sihlala somelele ngokomoya?
IMFAZWE YEHLABATHI II yalutshayela tu uxolo olwalukho ekukhuleni kwethu; sazibonela ngokwethu inkohlakalo ebangelwa yimfazwe. Utata wangena kumkhosi waseJamani waza wafa elibanjwa lemfazwe. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba umama, uBerta anyamekele abantwana abathandathu abanonyaka omnye ukusa kweli-16 ubudala.
Waphoxwa yicawa yakhe waza akafuna kuva kwanto ngonqulo noThixo. Kwala ngeny’ imini ngowe-1949, uIlse Fuchs ibhinqa elinomzimba omncinane nelilumkileyo, lafika ekhaya lize kuthetha ngoBukumkani bukaThixo. Imibuzo yalo nendlela elaliqiqa ngayo yavuselela umdla kamama. Ukufunda iBhayibhile kwamtsho wanethemba umama.
Thina makhwenkwe zange sikuginye ncam oko ekuqaleni. Urhulumente wamaNazi nowalandelayo wamaKomanisi benza izithembiso ezininzi, kodwa sasala sidanile. Ngoxa sasingathembi nasiphi na isithembiso esitsha, sachukunyiswa gqitha kukuva ukuba amaNgqina afakwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ngenxa nje yokwala ukuxhasa imfazwe. Kunyaka olandelayo, umama, uPeter nam sabhaptizwa.
Nomninawa wam omncinane uManfred wabhaptizwa, kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba inyaniso yeBhayibhile ayizange izike entliziyweni yakhe. Xa kwavalwa umsebenzi wethu ngowe-1950 ngamaKomanisi, waza waphekwa esophulwa ngabecuphi—iinjubaqa ekwakuthiwa ziStasi—wabaxelela indawo eziqhutyelwa kuyo iintlanganiso zethu. Yiloo nto eyabangela ukubanjwa kukamama nabantakwethu.
Ukukhonza Ngoxa Sivalwe Umlomo
Ngenxa yokuvalwa komsebenzi wethu, kwafuneka sithubelezise uncwadi lweBhayibhile lungene eMpuma Jamani. Ekubeni ndandingumthunywa, ndandifumana uncwadi kwintshona yeBerlin, kuba lwalusemthethweni apho ndize ndiluwelise umda. Ndaphuncuka izihlandlo eziliqela kwabakwantsasana, kodwa ndabanjwa ngoNovemba 1950.
Iqela iStasi landiphosa kwisisele esingaphantsi komhlaba, esasingenayo kwafestile. Emini ndandingavunyelwa ukuba ndilale, kuze ebusuku ndincinwe maxa wambi ndingonjwe. Zange ndiqhagamshelane nentsapho yakuthi de kwangoMatshi 1951 xa umama, uPeter noJochen babeze kuphulaphula ityala lam. Ndathiwa nka iminyaka emithandathu.
UPeter, uJochen, nomama nabo babanjwa kwiintsuku ezintandathu emva kwelo tyala lam. Emva koko, omnye udade wanyamekela udadewethu uHannelore, owayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, waza yena umakazi wathabatha uSabine, owayeneminyaka esi-7 ubudala. Umama nabantakwethu baphathwa njengezaphuli-mthetho eziyingozi liqela leStasi, de bahluthwa nemitya le yezihlangu zabo. Babemiswa ngenyawo lonke elo xesha lokuncinwa kwabo. Nabo bagwetywa iminyaka emithandathu, umntu ngamnye.
Ngowe-1953, ndinamanye amabanjwa angamaNgqina kwathiwa masiye kwakha isikhululo seenqwelo-moya zomkhosi, kodwa sakukhaba oko. Sohlwaywa ngokuvalelwa sodwa iintsuku ezingama-21, singasebenzi, singafumani leta ngaphandle nje kwentwana yokutya ukuze sosule umlomo. Abanye oodade abangamaKristu apho entolongweni babesishiyela amaqhekezana kwisonka sabo esasihleli singekho baze basithubelezise basiphe sona. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ndazi uAnni, omnye wabo dade ndaza ke ndatshata naye emva kokukhululwa kwethu omnye ngowe-1956 omnye ngowe-1957. Emva konyaka sitshatile sazala intombi yethu uRuth. UPeter, uJochen noHannelore nabo batshata phantse ngaxeshanye.
Kungekapheli neminyaka emithathu ndikhululwe, ndaphinda ndabanjwa. Elinye igosa leStasi lalizama ukundenza ungcothoza. Lathi: “Sihlobo sam, Mnu. Brüggemeier khawukhe ucingisise. Uyazi kakuhle intolongo, ibe asifuni uphinde ube kuyo. Ungahlala uliNgqina, ufundisise uze ushumayele ngeBhayibhile kangangoko ufuna. Ekuphela kwento esiyifunayo kukuba umane usiphakela ezintsha. Cinga ngomfazi nentombi yakho eyimveku.” Loo mazwi okugqibela andihlaba kanobom. Kodwa ndandisazi ukuba xa ndisentolongweni, uYehova wayeza kuyinyamekela intsapho yam, ngaphezu kokuba mna ndandinokwenza!
Abasemagunyeni bazama ukunyanzela uAnni ukuba asebenze imini yonke ukuze uRuth anyanyekelwe ngabanye abantu phakathi evekini. UAnni wakwala oko wasebenza ebusuku ukuze akwazi ukunyamekela uRuth emini. Abazalwana bamnyamekela bempha izinto ezininzi kangangokuba naye wayede aphe abanye. Ngelo xesha, ndachitha phantse eminye iminyaka emithandathu ngaphayaa kwezitshixo.
Indlela Esalugcina Ngayo Ukholo Entolongweni
Ukufika kwam entolongweni, amaNgqina esasivalelwe kunye ayelangazelela ukwazi izinto ezintsha ezazisandul’ ukupapashwa. Ndavuya kuba ndandicokisa ukulifunda iphephancwadi IMboniselo ndisiya rhoqo nakwiintlanganiso, ndatsho ke ndangumthombo wokhuthazo kuwo!
Xa sacela iBhayibhile kubalindi, bathi: “Kuyingozi gqitha ukunika amaNgqina kaYehova iBhayibhile kufana nokunika amabanjwa izixhobo zokuqhekeza ukuze abaleke.” Mihla le, abazalwana abakhokelayo babekhetha umxholo weBhayibhile esiza kuwuxubusha. Mihla le sasiba nexesha lokuzula imizuzu engama-30 apho eyadini, kodwa thina sasingenawo umdla wokuzilolonga nokubethwa ngumoya ngaphezu kokuzondla ngomxholo weBhayibhile wosuku. Nakuba kwakufuneka siqelelane kangangeemitha ezintlanu singathethi, sasineendlela zokuncokola ngaloo mxholo. Ukubuyela kwethu eziseleni, ngamnye wayechaza oko akuvileyo, sitsho ke sibe nengxubusho yeBhayibhile yemihla ngemihla.
Ekugqibeleni, kwathi kanti kukho ungcothoza waza wasithengisa, ndaza ndavalelwa ndedwa. Into evuyisa gqitha kukuba ndandisele ndisazi intaphane yezibhalo ngentloko! Ezo ntsuku ndazigqiba ndicamngca ngemibandela eyahlukeneyo yeBhayibhile. Emva koko ndasiwa kwenye intolongo, apho umlindi wandivalela namanye amaNgqina amabini esiseleni ibe—eyona nto yasivuyisayo kukuba—wasinika iBhayibhile. Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ndivalelwe ndedwa, ndavuyiswa kukuphinda ndikwazi ukuxubusha ngeBhayibhile nabazalwana bam.
Echaza into eyamnceda wanyamezela kwenye intolongo, umntakwethu uPeter uthi: “Ndandiba nomfanekiso wobomi kwihlabathi elitsha ndize ndicinge ngoko kuthethwa yiBhayibhile. NjengamaNgqina sasikhuthazana ngemibuzo yeBhayibhile okanye ngokuvavanyana ngeZibhalo. Kwakungelula ukuphila apho. Maxa wambi sasiba li-11 sixinaniselwe kwigunjana elizizikwemitha ezili-12. Yonk’ into sasiyenzela apho—ukutya, ukulala, ukuhlamba, nkqu nokuzithuma. Kwakunzima ngokwenene.”
Yena uJochen umntakwethu uthi: “Ndandicula iingoma ezithi qatha ezikwincwadi yethu yamaculo. Mihla le ndandicamngca ngesibhalo esithile endisasikhumbulayo. Emva kokukhululwa, ndaqhubeka ndifundisisa izinto zokomoya ngaloo ndlela intle. Ndandifunda itekisi yosuku yeBhayibhile nentsapho yam yonk’ imihla. Sasizilungiselela zonke iintlanganiso.”
Ukukhululwa Kukamama Entolongweni
Ngaphezu nje kweminyaka emibini umama wakhululwa. Wasebenzisa loo nkululeko ukufunda iBhayibhile noHannelore noSabine, ebanceda bakhe isiseko esihle sokholo. Wabafundisa nokusingatha iingxaki ezivela esikolweni ngenxa yokukholelwa kwabo kuThixo. UHannelore uthi: “Sasingenaxesha le nto eya kwenzeka kuba ekhaya sasisomelezana. Uqilima lwasekhaya lwalusinceda soyise nawuphi na umqobo.”
UHannelore uhlabela mgama athi: “Sasilungiselela abazalwana abasentolongweni ukutya kokomoya. Sasikhuphela ngesandla senze imibhalo emincinane yeMboniselo kwiphepha lewax. Emva koko sasiwasongela ukuze angabi manzi siwafihle phakathi kweziqhamo zeplam esasizithumela rhoqo ngenyanga. Kwakuvuyisa gqitha ukuva amazwi avela kubo okuba iiplam ‘bezivuzis’ izinkcwe.’ Umsebenzi wethu sasiwuthanda de silibale nantoni na.”
Ukuqhubeka Ngoxa Sivalwe Umlomo
UPeter ubalisa ubomi kumashumi eminyaka bevalwe umlomo kwiMpuma Jamani, uthi: “Sasihlanganisana kumakhaya abantu ngamaqela amancinane, sifike size sihambe ngamaxesha ahlukahlukeneyo. Kwintlanganiso nganye, sasisenza amalungiselelo okuphinda sidibane. Oku sasikwenza ngemiqondiso ethile maxa wambi ebhaliweyo ngenxa yeendlela zokucholachola iindaba ezazisetyenziswa liqela leStasi.”
UHannelore uthi: “Maxa wambi sasifumana iintetho ezishicilelweyo ebezinikelwa endibanweni. Oku kwakusoloko kusonwabisa kwiintlanganiso. Iqela lethu elincinane lalidibana ukuze siphulaphule kangangeeyure eziliqela oko kufundiswa yiBhayibhile. Nakuba sasingaziboni izithethi, sasiphulaphula ngenyameko size sibhale namanqaku.”
UPeter uthi: “Kwamanye amazwe, abazalwana bethu babesenza konke okusemandleni ukuze basilungiselele uncwadi lweBhayibhile. Malunga neminyaka elishumi, ngaphambi nje kokuba luwe uDonga lwaseBerlin ngowe-1989, babesenzela iimpapasho ezinemibhalo emincinane. Abanye babebeka iimoto zabo, imali nkqu nenkululeko yabo esichengeni ukuze nje base ukutya kokomoya kwiMpuma Jamani. Ngobunye ubusuku sasilindele esinye isibini kodwa asafika. Amapolisa alufumana uncwadi aza athimba imoto yaso. Phezu kwazo nje ezo ngozi, zange sicinge ukuwuyeka lo msebenzi ukuze siphile kamnandi.”
UManfred, umninawa wam owasingcatshayo emva phayaa ngowe-1950, uchaza into eyamncedayo wabuya waza walondoloza ukholo, uthi: “Emva kokuvalelwa iinyanga ezimbalwa, ndafudukela eNtshona Jamani ndaza ndahlukana nenyaniso. Ndabuyela eMpuma Jamani ngowe-1954 ndaza ndatshata kunyaka olandelayo. Kungekudala umfazi wam wayamkela inyaniso yeBhayibhile, ibe wabhaptizwa ngowe-1957. Ethubeni, ndadliwa sisazela, waza umfazi wam wandinceda ndabuyela ebandleni.
“Abazalwana ababendazi ngaphambi kokushiya inyaniso bandamkela ngothando, kwangathi akuzange kwenzeke nto. Yinto emnandi gqitha ukubuliswa ngoncumo uze wamkeleke. Ndivuyiswa gqitha kukuphinda ndibe seluxolweni noYehova nabazalwana.”
Umlo Wokomoya Uyaqhubeka
Wonk’ ubani kwintsapho yethu kwafuneka alulwele nzima ukholo lwakhe. Umntakwethu uPeter uthi: “Namhlanje siphazanyiswa zizinto ezininzi nokulingwa zizinto eziphathekayo ngendlela engazange ibonwe. Xa sasivalwe umlomo, sasisaneliswa zizinto esinazo. Ngokomzekelo, akukho namnye kuthi owayefuna ukuba kwelinye iqela lesifundo kuba nje ethanda, ibe akukho namnye owayekhalazela ukuba kude kwendawo yeentlanganiso okanye ixesha ezingena ngalo. Sonke sasivuyiswa kukuhlanganisana, kwanokuba kukho abaza kulinda de kubethe eye-11:00 ebusuku ngaphambi kokuba simke apho.”
Ngowe-1959, umama wagqiba ekubeni afudukele eNtshona Jamani noSabine, owayeneminyaka eli-16 ngoko. Ekubeni babefuna ukukhonza kwindawo efuna abavakalisi abangakumbi boBukumkani, iofisi yesebe yabasa eEllwangen, eBaden-Württemberg. Ukuba nenzondelelo kukamama, phezu kwayo nje impilo enkenenkene, kwakhuthaza uSabine waba nguvulindlela xa eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Wathi uSabine akutshata, umama—eneminyaka engama-58 ubudala—wafunda ukuqhuba imoto ukuze andise umsebenzi wakhe wokushumayela. Waqhubeka nale nkonzo de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1974.
Kwelam icala, emva kokuthothoza phantse iminyaka emithandathu isihlandlo sesibini, ndaya kuphoswa eNtshona Jamani ngowe-1965, intsapho yam ingazi kwanto ngoko. Noko ke, ethubeni umfazi wam, uAnni nentombi yethu, uRuth bandilandela. Ndacela kwiofisi yesebe ukuya kukhonza kwindawo efuna abavakalisi abangakumbi yaza yasithumela eNördlingen, eBavaria. Kulapho bakhulela khona uRuth nomntakwabo uJohannes. UAnni waba nguvulindlela. Umzekelo wakhe omhle wenza uRuth waba nguvulindlela ukugqiba kwakhe esikolweni. Bobabini abantwana bethu batshata noovulindlela. Banababo abantwana, ibe sisikelelwe ngabazukulwana abathandathu abahle.
Ngowe-1987, ndafumana umhlala-phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha ndatsho ndakwazi ukuba nguvulindlela njengoAnni. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ndamenywa kwiofisi yesebe eSelters ukuya kuncedisa ekwandisweni kwezakhiwo zalapho. Emva koko, sancedisa ekwakheni iHolo Yendibano YamaNgqina KaYehova yokuqala kwelo lalisakuba yiMpuma Jamani, eGlauchau, ibe kamva saba ngabagcini bayo. Ngenxa yempilo, sabuyela kwintombi yethu kwiBandla laseNördlingen, apho singoovulindlela khona.
Eyona nto indivuyisa gqitha kukuba, bonke abantakwethu noodadewethu nenkoliso yezalamane zethu isaqhubeka ikhonza uThixo wethu omangalisayo, uYehova. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, siye safunda ukuba logama nje sihlala somelele ngokomoya, siya kububona ubunyani bamazwi eNdumiso 126:3 athi: “Inkulu into asenzele yona uYehova. Siye savuya.”
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 13]
Ngosuku lomtshato wethu, ngowe-1957
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 13]
Ndikunye nentsapho yakuthi ngowe-1948: (ngaphambili, ukusuka ekhohlo ukusa ekunene) uManfred, uBerta, uSabine, uHannelore, uPeter; (ngasemva, ukusuka ekhohlo ukusa ekunene) mna noJochen
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 15]
Incwadi eshicilelwe ngamagama amancinane eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha lokuvalwa umlomo; isixhobo sokuchola-chola iindaba seqela iStasi
[Inkcazelo]
Forschungs- und Gedenkstätte NORMANNENSTRASSE
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
Ndikunye nabantwana bakuthi: (ngaphambili, ekhohlo ukusa ekunene) uHannelore noSabine; (ngasemva, ekhohlo ukusa ekunene) mna, uJochen, uPeter, noManfred