Iintsholongwane Ezingeva Yeza Yande Kangakanani Le Ngxaki?
Iintsholongwane ezingeva yeza ziyingxaki ehlabathini lonke. Ibangelwa yintoni le ngxaki? Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uzikhusele wena nentsapho yakho?
NGO-OKTOBHA 1997, uHollie Mullin, owayeyimveku eneeveki ezintathu ubudala wagula yindlebe. Wathi akungachachi kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, ugqirha wamnika iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane. Elo yeza lalifanele ukuba liye lamnceda ngokukhawuleza, kodwa alizange limncede. Rhoqo egqiba kusebenzisa iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, indlebe yayiqala phantsi.
Kunyaka wakhe wokuqala, uHollie wasebenzisa amayeza ali-17 awahlukahlukeneyo okubulala iintsholongwane. Xa wayeneenyanga ezingama-21 ubudala yaphinda yamhlasela ngamandla indlebe. Emva kokunyangwa ngeyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane kangangeentsuku ezili-14 kusenziwa amalinge okugqibela, waphila.
Ziya zixhaphaka ngokuxhaphaka iimeko ezifana nale kungekhona nje kwiintsana nakubantu abasele bekhulile. Enoba abantu badala kangakanani bayagula bade babulawe zizifo ezazifudula zinyangwa lula ngokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Eneneni, ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1950 kwezinye izibhedlele ibisoloko ikho ingxaki yokuba iintsholongwane zingafi xa kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Kwandula ke ebudeni beminyaka yee-1960 neyee-1970, ingxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza yasasazeka ngokubanzi.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abaphandi bezonyango baqalisa ukuphawula ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokugqithiseleyo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana ngoyena nobangela wokuba la mayeza angasebenzi. Ngowe-1978 omnye waba basebenzi bezonyango, wathi ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokugqithiseleyo “kunwenwa okomlilo wedobo.” Ngoko ngeminyaka yee-1990, ehlabathini lonke yayixhaphakile imixholo yamaphephandaba ethi: “Kukho Iintsholongwane Ezingeva Yeza,” “Ingxaki Yeentsholongwane Ezingeva Yeza Iyanda,” “Amayeza Ayingozi—Ukusetyenziswa Ngokugqithiseleyo Kwamayeza Okubulala Iintsholongwane Kubangela Ukuba La Mayeza Angasebenzi.”
Ngaba oku yayikukubaxwa nje kwezinto ukuze kuthengwe amaphephandaba? Ngokwengxelo evela kwiintlangano zonyango ezaziwayo, akunjalo. Kwingxelo ephathelele izifo ezasulelayo eyenziwa ngowama-2000, umalathisi jikelele we-World Health Organization (i-WHO) wathi: “Ekuqaliseni kweli waka litsha leminyaka uluntu lujamelene nenye ingxaki. Izifo ezazifudula zinyangeka . . . ngoku azisanyangeki.”
Inzulu kangakanani le ngxaki? I-WHO yathi: “Le ngxaki [yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza] ibangela kube nzima ukunyanga izifo ezasulelayo.” Namhlanje, uninzi lwabo basemagunyeni lucinga nokuba kubuyelwe “kwindlela eyayisetyenziswa mandulo,” kungasetyenziswa zibulali-zintsholongwane.
Yintoni ebangela ukuba le ngxaki yeentsholongwane ezinenkani igqugqise ihlabathi lonke, ekubeni kukho inkqubela engaka kwezenzululwazi? Ngaba ikho into umntu anokuyenza ukuze azikhusele okanye akhusele abanye? Ngaba sinokuba nethemba lokuconjululwa kwale ngxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza? Iimpendulo siya kuzifumana kumanqaku alandelayo.