Xa Iintsholongwane Zingayi Kuba Yingozi Ebantwini
IINTSHOLONGWANE zibalulekile ebomini. Inxalenye enkulu yomhlaba nenxalenye enkulu yemizimba yethu ibunjwa ziintsholongwane. Njengoko ibhokisi ethi “Iintlobo Ngeentlobo Zeentsholongwane,” ekwiphepha 17 isitsho, “kukho iwaka lezigidi zeentsholongwane emizimbeni yethu.” Inkoliso yezi ntsholongwane iluncedo—eneneni, idlala indima enkulu—kwimpilo yethu. Nangona zikho iintsholongwane ezimbalwa ezibangela izifo, sinokuba nentembelo yokuba ekugqibeleni, iintsholongwane aziyi kuba yingozi ebantwini.
Ngaphambi kokuba sihlolisise indlela eya kupheliswa ngayo imiphumo eyingozi yeentsholongwane, makhe siqwalasele imizamo eyenziwayo ngoku yokulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa ibhokisi ethi “Oko Unokukwenza,” phawula imigudu eyenziwe ziingcali zonyango ukuze ziphelise iintsholongwane ezingeva yeza.
Iindlela Ezisetyenziswayo Ehlabathini Lonke
UGqr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, owayesakuba ngumalathisi jikelele we-World Health Organization (i-WHO), wachaza imigudu eyenziwayo. Kwi-Report on Infectious Diseases 2000, eyayinomxholo othi “Ukoyisa Ingxaki Yeentsholongwane Ezingeva Yeza,” wathi kufuneka kuziwe “necebo eliza kusetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke ukuze kuliwe nale ngxaki” yeentsholongwane ezingafiyo. Wathi kufuneka kuvulwe “namajelo onxibelelwano phakathi kwawo onke amaziko ezonyango,” wagxininisa wathi: “Sivulekelwe lithuba lokuqalisa elona phulo libalaseleyo lokulwa nezifo ezasulelayo.”
Ngowama-2001, i-WHO yeza “Necebo Lokulwa Nengxaki Yeentsholongwane Ezingeva Yeza.” Olu xwebhu lwaluqulethe amacebiso abhekiswa kumaziko ezonyango nakubantu ngokubanzi aphathelele “oko bamele bakwenze nendlela yokukwenza.” La macebiso ayequka ukufundiswa kwabantu indlela yokuthintela izifo, nemiyalelo yokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa behlaselwa sisifo esasulelayo.
Ngaphezulu, iingcali zonyango—oogqirha nabongikazi kunye nabanye abantu abasebenza ezibhedlele nakumaziko ahlala abantu abangakwaziyo ukuzinyamekela—zakhuthazwa ukuba zithabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze zithintele ukusasazeka kwezifo ezasulelayo. Okubuhlungu kukuba, uphando oluye lwenziwa lubonisa ukuba iingcali ezininzi zonyango azizikhathazi ngokuhlamba izandla okanye ngokutshintsha iiglavu xa ziza kuphatha omnye umguli.
Uphando oluye lwenziwa lubonisa nokuba oogqirha banika abaguli amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kungekho mfuneko yokuba benjenjalo. Esinye isizathu soko kukuba abaguli banyanzela ugqirha ukuba abanike iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane ukuze baphile ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko oogqirha bayavumelana nomguli lowo ukuze nje bamanelise. Oogqirha badla ngokungaziniki ithuba lokufundisa abaguli okanye badla ngokungabi nandlela yakuyifumana kakuhle eyona ntsholongwane ibangela eso sifo. Kwakhona, basenokuncomela ukuba umguli asebenzise amayeza amatsha okubulala iintsholongwane abiza imali eninzi nakwaziyo ukubulala iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Yaye nako oku kunegalelo kwingxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza.
Eminye imibandela ekwanikelwa ingqalelo kuyo yi-WHO Global Strategy, zizibhedlele, iinkqubo zonyango zamazwe ngamazwe, imizi-mveliso yokutya, iinkampani ezithengisa amayeza nabawisi-mthetho. Le ngxelo ikhuthaza ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano phakathi kwawo onke la maziko ukuze kuliwe nesi sihelegu seentsholongwane ezingeva yeza. Kodwa ngaba le nkqubo iya kuphumelela?
Imiqobo
I-WHO Global Strategy yakhankanya umqobo omkhulu ekucombululeni iingxaki zempilo. Kukufuna ingeniso—imali. IBhayibhile ithi ukuthanda imali “yingcambu yazo zonke iintlobo zobubi.” (1 Timoti 6:9, 10) I-WHO ibongoza isithi: “Kumele kugqalwe indlela iinkampani ezithengisa amayeza ezisebenza ngayo, kujongwe nempembelelo yabathengisi bamayeza kubasebenzi bezonyango kuhlolisiswe neenkqubo zoqeqesho ezikhuthazwa ziinkampani ezithengisa amayeza kwabo basebenza kumaziko ahlala abantu abangakwaziyo ukuzinyamekela.”
Iinkampani ezithengisa amayeza ziye zanyanzela oogqirha ukuba bathenge amayeza azo. Ngoku ziwathengisela uluntu ngokubanzi ngokwenza izibhengezo kumabonwakude. Oku ngokucacileyo kuye kwanegalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwamayeza ngokugqithiseleyo yaye oko kuye kwangunozala wokwanda kwengxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza.
Kwicandelo layo elithetha ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwizilwanyana ezivelisa ukutya i-WHO Global Strategy ithi: “Kwamanye amazwe, umvuzo ofunyanwa ngoogqirha bezilwanyana uthi chatha ngemali emalunga nama-40% okanye ngaphezulu ngokuthengisa amayeza, yaye oku kuphazamisana nomlo wokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.” Njengoko ubungqina bubonisa, ingxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza iye yabangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokugqithiseleyo.
Eneneni, umlinganiselo wemveliso yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane uyothusa. EUnited States kuphela, kuveliswa malunga neekhilogram ezingama-20 ezigidi ngonyaka! Kumayeza aveliswa ehlabathini lonke, sisiqingatha kuphela esisetyenziswa ebantwini. Amanye asetyenziswa kwizityalo okanye kwizilwanyana. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane adla ngokuxutywa nokutya kokondla izilwanyana ezityiwayo ukuze zikhule ngokukhawuleza.
Indima Yoorhulumente
I-Executive Summary ye-WHO Global Strategy ithi: “Ukusetyenziswa kwala macebiso kuya kuxhomekeka kwilizwe ngalinye. Oorhulumente banendima ebaluleke gqitha abafanele bayidlale.”
Kuyavunywa ukuba, oorhulumente abaninzi benze iinkqubo zokulwisana nengxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza, begxininisa ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano kwilizwe labo nakwamanye amazwe angaphandle. Ezi nkqubo ziquka ingxelo ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, uhlobo lweentsholongwane ezingeva yeza, indlela ephuculiweyo yokulwa nezifo ezasulelayo, indlela efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kumaziko ezonyango nakwizilwanyana, uphando ukuze kuqondwe unobangela wokungafi kwezi ntsholongwane nokwenziwa kwamayeza amatsha. I-Report on Infectious Diseases 2000 ye-WHO yayinganiki themba ngokuphathelele lo mba. Ngoba?
Kule ngxelo kwakhankanywa ukuba “oorhulumente abathabathi manyathelo kuba mhlawumbi impilo yabantu abayigqali njengento ebalulekileyo.” Yongezelela yathi: “Ingxaki yezifo—neyokungasebenzi kwamayeza—iyanda xa kukho iingxwabangxwaba zemilo, ubuhlwempu, ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi nokonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo apho abantu abaninzi bachanabeka kwizifo ezasulelayo.” Ngelishwa, ezi ziingxaki oorhulumente abangakhange bakwazi ukuzicombulula.
Noko ke, iBhayibhile ithetha ngorhulumente ongayi kwanela nje kukucombulula iingxaki ezibangela izifo kodwa oya kuphelisa nokugula. Usenokucinga ukuba ezinye iintsholongwane ziya kusoloko ziyingozi kanti kukho izizathu ezininzi zokukholelwa ukuba ikamva liza kuba leliqaqambileyo.
Xa Iintsholongwane Zingayi Kuba Yingozi
Umprofeti uIsaya ekuthethwa ngaye eBhayibhileni, kude kudala wathetha ngorhulumente onamandla angaphezu kwawomntu waza wachaza nomlawuli wawo. Phawula indlela esibekwa ngayo esi siprofeto kwinguqulelo yeBhayibhile, iKing James: “Ngokuba sizalelwe umntwana, sinikwe unyana: urhulumente uya kuba semagxeni akhe: igama lakhe kuthiwa nguMmangaliso, nguMcebisi, nguThixo oligorha, nguBawo ongunaphakade, yiNkosana yoXolo.”—Isaya 9:6, akekeliswe sithi.
Ngubani lo mntwana, le nkosana iya kunikwa ulawulo? Phawula indlela awachazwa ngayo kwanangaphambi kokuba azalwe. Isithunywa esinguGabriyeli sathi kuMariya owayeyintombi enyulu: “Khangela! uya kukhawula esibelekweni sakho uze uzale unyana, umbize ngokuba nguYesu igama lakhe. Yena uya kuba mkhulu . . . , yaye ubukumkani bakhe abuyi kuba nasiphelo.”—Luka 1:31-33.
Xa uYesu wayesele engumntu omdala, wazingqina ukuba eneneni unguMlawuli karhulumente woBukumkani bukaThixo. UYesu akazange anele nje kukuvakalisa “iindaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani” ehlabathini kodwa wabonakalisa namandla anawo okuphelisa konke ukugula nezifo. IBhayibhile ithi “kweza kuye izihlwele ezikhulu, zinabantu ababeqhwalela, izilima, iimfama, izimumu, nabanye abaninzi, zababeka ezinyaweni zakhe, waza wabaphilisa; kangangokuba isihlwele sathi manga njengoko sasibona izimumu zithetha neziqhwala zihamba neemfama zibona.”—Mateyu 9:35; 15:30, 31.
Ewe, nasiphi na isifo okanye ubulwelwe awayenabo umntu, uYesu wayemphilisa. Wada wavusa neqela labantu ababefile! (Luka 7:11-17; 8:49-56; Yohane 11:38-44) Liyinyaniso elokuba, abo bantu baphiliswayo kwanabo bavuswayo bafa ekugqibeleni. Sekunjalo, imimangaliso eyenziwa nguYesu yabonisa oko aya kukwenzela abantu abaya kuba bephila phantsi kolawulo loBukumkani kwixesha elizayo. IBhayibhile ithembisa ukuba ngelo xesha ‘akuyi kubakho mmi uthi: “Ndiyagula.”’—Isaya 33:24; ISityhilelo 21:3, 4.
Namhlanje, njengoko sonke sikuqonda kakuhle oko, wonk’ umntu ulixhoba lokugula nokufa. Izigidi zabantu ziyagula de zife ngenxa yeentsholongwane. Ukanti, umzimba womntu wenziwe ngendlela emangalisayo kangangokuba abanye abantu badla ngokuzibuza ukuba yintoni ebangela abantu bagule. Ugqirha Lewis Thomas wabhala ngendlela iintsholongwane eziluncedo ngayo waza wathi ukugula komntu “kufana nje nokwehla kwengozi.” Wathi: “Kusenokwenzeka ukuba into ebangela umntu agule yingxaki nje engaziwayo kwinkqubo yakhe yokuzikhusela.”
Eneneni, abantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela eyomeleleyo abafane bagule ngenxa yeentsholongwane, ukuba bakhe bagule kwaukugula. Sekunjalo, ekugqibeleni abantu bayaluphala baze bafe. IBhayibhile ithi isono esasizuz’ ilifa kumntu wokuqala owayefezekile, uAdam, siso esibangela sigule size sife. IBhayibhile ithi: “Isono sangena ngamntu mnye ehlabathini nokufa ngaso isono, ngaloo ndlela ukufa kwasasazeka kubo bonke abantu ngenxa yokuba bonke bonayo.”—Roma 5:12.
Noko ke, uThixo wathumela uNyana wakhe emhlabeni ukuze anikele ngobomi bakhe obufezekileyo njengedini aze akhulule abantu kwimiphumo yesono. (Mateyu 20:28) IBhayibhile ithi: “Umvuzo isono esiwuhlawulayo kukufa, kodwa isipho uThixo asinikayo bubomi obungunaphakade ngoKristu Yesu iNkosi yethu.” (Roma 6:23; 1 Yohane 5:11) Phantsi kolawulo loBukumkani bukaThixo, imiphumo yokuphilisa kwedini lentlawulelo likaKristu, iya kubonakala. Emva koko, zonke iintsholongwane, nezo ngoku zibangela izifo aziyi kuba yingozi ebantwini.
Ngaba akukho ngqiqweni ukufunda ngorhulumente woBukumkani esithenjiswe ngabo eBhayibhileni, oya kuzisa izicombululo kwiingxaki zoluntu? AmaNgqina kaYehova aya kukuvuyela ukukunceda ufunde okungakumbi.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 19]
Oko Unokukwenza
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze unciphise ingxaki yeentsholongwane ezingeva yeza? I-World Health Organization inikela amacebiso athile ngokuphathelele oku. Okokuqala, yachaza amanyathelo esinokuwathabatha ukuze sinciphise izifo nokusasazeka kwesifo esasulelayo. Okwesibini, yachaza indlela abantu abanokuwasebenzisa ngayo amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Ngoko ke, eyona ndlela sinokunciphisa ngayo izifo nokusasazeka kwazo kukwenza konke okufunekayo ukuze sihlale sisempilweni. Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uphephe ukugula?
Into Onokuyenza Ukuze Uphephe Ukugula
1. Yenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ufumane ezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo: yitya ukutya okunezondlo, yenza umthambo ngokwaneleyo uze uphumle ngokwaneleyo.
2. Hlala ucocekile. Abezonyango bathi eyona ndlela iphumelelayo ekuthinteleni ukugula nokudlulisela izifo kwabanye kukuhlamba izandla.
3. Qiniseka ukuba ukutya okutyayo wena nentsapho yakho kukhuselekile. Qiniseka ukuba izandla zakho nendawo ekuphekelwa kuyo zicocekile. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba amanzi ohlamba ngawo izandla nokutya acocekile. Iintsholongwane ziyathanda ukuhlala ekutyeni, ngoko inyama yipheke ivuthwe. Kugcine kakuhle ukutya efrijini.
4. Kumazwe apho izifo eziyingozi zidluliselwa zizinambuzane ezibhabhayo, kulumkele ukuba ngaphandle ebusuku nasekuseni kakhulu xa ezi zinambuzane ziphithizela kakhulu. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa iinethi zokuzikhusela kwizinambuzane.
5. Amayeza okuthintela izifo anokunceda inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ukuba ikwazi ukulwa nezinye iintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
Ukusebenzisa Izibulali-zintsholongwane
1. Dibana nengcali yezonyango ngaphambi kokuba uthenge okanye usele naliphi na iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane. Amayeza athengiselwa abathengi ngesaphulelo adla ngokuba yingenelo kumthengisi ngaphezu komthengi.
2. Musa ukunyanzela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike isibulali-zintsholongwane. Xa usenjenjalo, unokukunika kuba nje efuna uqhubeke usiza kufuna unyango kuye. Ngokomzekelo, umkhuhlane ubangelwa ziintsholongwane, yaye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awanyangi mkhuhlane. Ukusela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa uhlaselwe yintsholongwane kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane eziluncedo emzimbeni zingasebenzi mhlawumbi kunokwandisa ezo zingafiyo ngamayeza.
3. Musa ukufuna iyeza elitsha—lisenokungakuncedi yaye usenokuhlawula imali engaphaya kwengqondo.
4. Funda ngamayeza amatsha kumthombo onokuthenjwa: Liyeza lantoni eli? Ziziphi iingxaki ezidla ngokubakho xa umntu esebenzisa eli yeza? Liba njani xa lisetyenziswa namanye amayeza yaye ziziphi ezinye izinto ezinokubangela libe yingozi?
5. Xa kufanelekile ngokwenene ukuba usebenzise iyeza lokubulala intsholongwane, kunconyelwa ukuba ulisele uligqibe kwanokuba uye waziva bhetele lingekapheli. Kufuneka ulisele elo liseleyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba isifo obunaso siphele tu.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 20]
Phantsi korhulumente kaThixo wobulungisa, abantu baya kunandipha ubomi kungekho zintsholongwane ziyingozi kubo