Ukuchaswa Kokusetyenziswa Kwegama LikaThixo
UHANANIAH BEN TERADION wayengumphengululi ongumYuda awayephila kwinkulungwane yesibini yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Wayesaziwa ngokuqokelela abantu aze abafundise iSefer Torah, umsongo owawuqulethe iincwadi zeBhayibhile zokuqala ezintlanu. UBen Teradion wayesaziwa nangokusebenzisa igama likaThixo nokufundisa abanye ngalo. Ekubeni kwiincwadi zeBhayibhile zokuqala ezintlanu igama likaThixo livela izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwe-1 800, wayenokubafundisa njani iTorah aze angabafundisi igama likaThixo?
Noko ke, ngomhla kaBen Teradion, abaphengululi abangamaYuda babesoloko besemngciphekweni. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali abangamaYuda, umlawuli waseRoma wathi akukho mthethweni ukufundisa okanye ukuqhelisela ubuYuda yaye isohlwayo somntu onetyala yayikukufa. Ekugqibeleni, amaRoma ambamba uBen Teradion. Wabanjwa ephethe umbhalo weSefer Torah. Xa wayephendula abachasi bakhe, wathi wayethobela umthetho kaThixo xa efundisa ngeBhayibhile. Sekunjalo, wagwetyelwa ukufa.
Ngomhla wokubulawa kwakhe, uBen Teradion wasongelwa ngomsongo weBhayibhile awabanjwa ewuphethe. Emva koko watshiswa esibondeni. IEncyclopaedia Judaica ithi “ukuze angcungcutheke ithuba elide, kwabekwa uboya obumanzi esifubeni sakhe ukuze angafi ngokukhawuleza.” Isohlwayo sakhe sasiquka ukubulawa komfazi wakhe nokuthengiswa kwentombi yakhe kumzi woonongogo.
Nangona amaRoma aba nempembelelo ekubulaweni ngolunya kukaBen Teradion, iTalmuda ithi “watshiswa ngenxa yokubiza iGama likaThixo elipheleleyo.” Ewe, ukubiza igama likaThixo kwakusisono esinzulu kumaYuda.
UMthetho Wesithathu
Kuyabonakala ukuba ebudeni benkulungwane yokuqala neyesibini ngeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, amaYuda aba neenkolelo ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwegama likaThixo. IMishnah (ingqokelela yamagqabaza abefundisi eyaba sisiseko seTalmud) ithi “nabani na obiza igama likaThixo ngendlela elibhalwa ngayo” akanasabelo kwiParadesi yasemhlabeni ethenjiswe nguThixo.
Kwakutheni ukuze abantu bangavunyelwa ukubiza igama likaThixo? Abanye bathi amaYuda ayeligqala lingcwele kakhulu igama likaThixo ukuba lingabizwa ngabantu abangafezekanga. Ekugqibeleni, abantu baba madolw’ anzima nokulibhala eli gama. Ngokutsho komnye umthombo, abantu babesoyika ukuba into elibhalwe kuyo igama likaThixo inokuphelela emgqomeni yaye oko kuya kuthetha ukungcoliswa kwalo.
IEncyclopaedia Judaica ithi “ukukuphepha kwabantu ukubiza igama elithi YHWH . . . kwabangelwa kukungaqondwa kakuhle koMthetho Wesithathu.” Umthetho wesithathu kwiMithetho Elishumi eyadluliselwa nguThixo kumaSirayeli uthi: “Uze ungaliphathi njengelingento yanto igama likaYehova uThixo wakho, kuba uYehova akayi kungamohlwayi oliphatha njengelingento yanto igama lakhe.” (Eksodus 20:7) Ngoko umyalelo kaThixo wokuba lingaphathwa kakubi igama lakhe wenziwa inkolelo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, akakho namhlanje umntu onokuthi uThixo ufuna ukuba umntu obiza igama lakhe atshiswe esibondeni! Sekunjalo, iinkolelo zamaYuda ngokuphathelele ukubizwa kwegama likaThixo zisekho nanamhlanje. Abaninzi basathi iTetragrammaton “liGama Elingabizekiyo.” Bambi bade bekhethe ukubiza igama likaThixo ngendlela engachananga kuba nje bengafuni ukwaphula isiko. Ngokomzekelo, xa befuna ukuthi Ya, isishunqulelo esidla ngokusetyenziswa endaweni yegama likaThixo, bathi Kah. Xa befuna ukuthi Haleluya, bathi Hallelukah. Abanye bafaka umgca endaweni yabanye oonobumba kuba bengafuni ukubhala ibinzana elithi “Thixo” elipheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa befuna ukubhala igama lesiNgesi elithi “God,” babhala “G-d.”
Imigudu Eyongezelelekileyo Yokufihla Eli Gama
UbuYuda asikokuphela konqulo oluye lwakuphepha ukusebenzisa igama likaThixo. Cinga ngoJerome, umfundisi ongumKatolika owayengunobhala kaPopu Damasus I. Ngowe-405 C.E., uJerome wagqiba ukuguqulela iBhayibhile ngesiLatin, nguqulelo leyo eyabizwa ngokuba yiLatin Vulgate. UJerome akazange alisebenzise igama likaThixo kuloo nguqulelo. Kunoko, walandela indlela yokubhala eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha lakhe, waza wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi “Nkosi” nelithi “Thixo.” ILatin Vulgate yaba yinguqulelo yeBhayibhile yamaKatolika yokuqala yaye iilwimi ezininzi zaguqulelwa ukusuka kuyo.
Ngokomzekelo, iDouay Version, inguqulelo yamaKatolika yowe-1610 yayingathi yiLatin Vulgate eguqulelwe esiNgesini. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba le Bhayibhile ingalisebenzisi igama likaThixo. Noko ke, iDouay Version yaba yiBhayibhile ebalulekileyo. Yaba kuphela kweBhayibhile esemthethweni eyayisetyenziswa ngamaKatolika athetha isiNgesi de kwayiminyaka yee-1940. Ewe, kangangamakhulu eminyaka, izigidi zamaKatolika azinikeleyo ziye zalifihlelwa igama likaThixo.
Kwakhona cinga ngeKing James Version. Ngowe-1604 ukumkani waseNgilani uJames I wayalela iqela labaphengululi ukuba liguqulele iBhayibhile esiNgesini. Emva kweminyaka esixhenxe, elo qela layigqiba iKing James Version, eyayikwabizwa ngokuba yiAuthorized Version.
Nakule meko, abaguquleli bakuphepha ukusebenzisa igama likaThixo, balisebenzisa nje kwiindinyana ezimbalwa. Endaweni yeTetragrammaton, kwiindawo ezininzi kwasetyenziswa ibinzana elithi “NKOSI” okanye elithi “THIXO.” Le nguqulelo yeBhayibhile iye yasetyenziswa zizigidi zabantu. IWorld Book Encyclopedia ithi “kuye kwadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ezinye iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile zesiNgesi emva kweKing James Version. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, iKing James Version yayiyeyona nguqulelo isetyenziswayo ngabantu abantetho isisiNgesi.”
Le mizekelo mithathu ingasentla, yimizekelo nje embalwa yeenguqulelo zeBhayibhile ezingalisebenzisiyo okanye ezilisingela phantsi igama likaThixo eziye zapapashwa kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba uninzi lwabantu abazibanga bengamaKristu namhlanje babe madolw’ anzima ukusebenzisa igama likaThixo okanye bangalazi kwaukulazi. Kuyavunywa ukuba kwiminyaka edluleyo, bakho abaguquleli beBhayibhile abaye baliquka igama likaThixo kwiinguqulelo zabo. Noko ke, uninzi lwezi nguqulelo lupapashwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje yaye alukhange lusitshintshe kangako isimo sengqondo sabantu abaninzi ngokuphathelele igama likaThixo.
Uqheliselo Oluphikisana Nokuthanda KukaThixo
Ukungasetyenziswa kwegama likaThixo okwandileyo kusekelwe kwizithethe zabantu kungekhona kwimfundiso yeBhayibhile. “ITorah ayikwaleli ukubizwa kweGama likaThixo. Enyanisweni, ngokusuka eZibhalweni kuyacaca ukuba iGama likaThixo lalisetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo,” utsho njalo umphengululi ongumYuda uTracey R. Rich, nongumbhali kwijelo leInternet iJudaism 101. Ewe, kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile abanquli bakaThixo babelisebenzisa igama lakhe.
Ngokucacileyo, ukwazi nokusebenzisa igama likaThixo kusenza simkhonze ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kuye eyayisetyenziswa kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile. Eli isenokuba linyathelo lokuqala ekwakheni ulwalamano naye, nto leyo ebaluleke ngaphezu kokwazi nje igama lakhe. Eneneni, uYehova uThixo uyasimema ukuba sibe nolwalamano naye. Wenza ukuba kubhalwe esi simemo sothando: “Sondelani kuThixo, naye uya kusondela kuni.” (Yakobi 4:8) Noko ke, usenokubuza, ‘Umntu unokuba nobuhlobo njani noThixo uSomandla?’ Inqaku elilandelayo licacisa indlela onokubuhlakulela ngayo ubuhlobo noYehova.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a ITalmud yincwadi yamasiko amaYuda amandulo egqalwa njengeyona ncwadi ingcwele yaye inempembelelo enkulu kunqulo lwamaYuda.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 6]
Haleluya
Yintoni ethi qatha engqondweni yakho xa usiva ibinzana elithi “Haleluya”? Mhlawumbi likukhumbuza iculo elithi “Messiah” elaqanjwa nguHandel kwiminyaka yee-1700 elinendawo ethi Haleluya. Ngokuqinisekileyo, wakhe waliva igama elithi “Haleluya.” Mhlawumbi nawe ukhe ulisebenzise. Kodwa ngaba uyayazi intsingiselo yalo?
Haleluya—Indlela yesiNgesi yokuguqulela ibinzana lesiHebhere elithi ha·lelu-Yahʹ, elithetha ukuthi “dumisa uYa,” okanye “dumisani uYa.”
Ya—Isishunqulelo segama likaThixo elithi Yehova. Eli binzana livela eBhayibhileni ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezingama-50, yaye lidla ngokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yegama elithi “Haleluya.”
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 7]
Igama LikaThixo Njengenxalenye Yamagama Abantu
Amagama amaninzi afumaneka eBhayibhileni ayathandwa nanamhlanje. Kwezinye iimeko, intsingiselo yesiHebhere yala magama yayiquka igama likaThixo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yaloo magama nentsingiselo yawo. Mhlawumbi igama lakho lelinye lala magama.
Yowana—“UYehova Ube Nobubele”
Yoweli—“UYehova NguThixo”
Yohane—“UYehova Ube Nobabalo”
Yonatan—“UYehova Unikile”
Yosefu—“Ngamana uYa Angongeza”b
Yoshuwa—“UYehova Ulusindiso”
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
b Ibinzana elithi “Ya” sisishunqulelo segama elithi “Yehova.”
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 8]
Amabinzana EBhayibhile Abhekisela KuThixo
IZibhalo Ezingcwele zesiHebhere zisebenzisa amabinzana amaninzi xa zibhekisela kuThixo, njengebinzana elithi Somandla, Mdali, Bawo, nelithi Nkosi. Sekunjalo, izihlandlo ekusetyenziswa ngazo igama lakhe zininzi ukodlula izihlandlo ekusetyenziswa ngazo la mabinzana. Ngokucacileyo ke ngoko, uThixo ufuna sisebenzise igama lakhe. Qwalasela la mabinzana alandelayo avela kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere.c
Yehova—izihlandlo ezingama-6 973
Thixo—izihlandlo ezingama-2 605
Somandla—izihlandlo ezingama-48
Nkosi—izihlandlo ezingama-40
Menzi—izihlandlo ezingama-25
Mdali—izihlandlo ezi-7
Bawo—izihlandlo ezi-7
Nyangelemihla—izihlandlo ezi-3
mYaleli Ozukileyo—izihlandlo ezi-2
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
c Izihlandlo la magama avela ngazo kwiNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele, epapashwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 9]
UThixo Obangela Kubekho Izinto
Abaphengululi abavumelani ncam ngentsingiselo yegama likaThixo elithi Yehova. Noko ke, emva kophando olunzulu ngalo mbandela, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba eli gama livela kwisenzi sesiHebhere uha·wahʹ (ukuba kokuthile), yaye lithetha ukuba “Uzibangela Abe.”
Ngenxa yoko, kwiNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele,d ingxelo efumaneka kwiEksodus 3:14 apho uMoses wabuza uThixo igama lakhe, iguqulelwe ngale ndlela: “Wathi uThixo kuMoses: ‘Ndinguye lowo ndiya kuzingqina ndinguye.’ Waza wongezelela wathi: ‘Uze uthi koonyana bakaSirayeli, “Undinguye undithumile kuni.”’”
Le yingcaciso efanelekileyo kuba uThixo uyakwazi ukuzenza abe yiloo nto afuna ukuba yiyo. Akukho nto inokumthintela xa efuna ukufeza injongo yakhe. Usoloko eziphumeza zonke izinto azicebileyo nazithembisileyo. Ngendlela emangalisayo, uThixo uye wazingqina enguMdali onamandla okwenza izinto angenakuthelekiswa nanto. Wadala zonke izinto ezikhoyo. Ikwanguye nowadala izigidi ngezigidi zezidalwa zokomoya. Ngokwenene, unguThixo obangela kubekho izinto!
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
d Ipapashwe ngamaNgqina kaYehova.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]
Umfanekiso wokubulawa kukaHananiah ben Teradion
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 8, 9]
Iindawo Elibhalwe Ngokucacileyo Kuzo Igama LikaThixo
1. Kwicawa ethile eLomborg, eDenmark, ngenkulungwane ye-17
2. Kwifestile enemibhalo, kwicawa kaBern, eSwitzerland
3. KuMsongo Wolwandle Olufileyo, kumbhalo wesiHebhere wamandulo, kwaSirayeli, malunga nowama-30-50 C.E.
[Inkcazelo]
Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
4. Kwingqekembe yaseSweden, ngowe-1600
[Inkcazelo]
Kungl. Myntkabinettet, Sveriges Ekonomiska Museum
5. Kwincwadi yemithandazo yaseJamani ngowe-1770
[Inkcazelo]
From the book Die Lust der Heiligen an Jehova. Oder: Gebaet-Buch, 1770
6. Kumbhalo oselityeni, eBavaria, eJamani
7. Kwilitye lakwaMowabhi, eParis, eFransi, ngowe-830 B.C.E.
[Inkcazelo]
Musée du Louvre, Paris
8. Kumfanekiso kwenye icawa, eOlten, eSwitzerland