Iingcinezelo Olujamelene Nazo Ulutsha Namhlanje
UKUFIKISA—enoba umntu ukhuliswe kakuhle kangakanani na—eli inokuba lixesha elinzima kakhulu. Xa lukhahlela, ulutsha lufikelwa ziimvakalelo ezintsha. Lujamelana nengcinezelo yootitshala neyolunye ulutsha. Lusengozini yempembelelo eqhubekayo kamabonwakude, imifanekiso eshukumayo, umculo neInternet. Ingxelo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ichaza ixesha lokufikisa “njengexesha lotshintsho elidla ngokuba noxinezeleko.”
Ngelishwa, ulutsha ludla ngokungabi namava okuhlangabezana noxinezeleko ngendlela eyiyo. (IMizekeliso 1:4) Xa lungafumani lukhokelo lululo, ngokulula nje lunokubandakanyeka kwizenzo eziyingozi. Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ithi: “Uhlolisiso ludize ukuba abaselula baqala ukuzisebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi xa befikisa okanye xa sele bethe tyishi kancinane kuloo minyaka.” Kunjalo ke nangezinye iindlela zokuziphatha vakalala njengogonyamelo nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini.
Abazali abazixelela ukuba ezo zinto zehlela abantu “abahlwempuzekileyo” okanye ezinye iintlanga, amaxesha amaninzi kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba babe bayaphazama. Iingxaki olujamelana nazo ulutsha zichaphazela zonke iintlanga enoba ulutsha luneemvelaphi ezinjani. Umbhali uScott Walter uthi: “Ukuba ucinga ukuba igama elithi ‘ulutsha oluziinjubaqa’ libhekisela kubafana abane-17 leminyaka ubudala bohlanga oluligcuntswana lwaselokishini nolunoonina abahlwempuzekileyo nabaxhaswa ngurhulumente, ushiyiwe ngamaxesha. Namhlanje umntwana oyingxaki unokuba ngumlungu, ozalwa zizinhanha nongaphantsi lee kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba yintombazana.”
Kutheni ke luluninzi kangaka ulutsha olusengozini? Ngaba ulutsha lwaphambili phayaa belungajamelani nocelomngeni nezilingo ezikwafanayo? Kunjalo kona, kodwa ke siphila kwixesha elichazwa yiBhayibhile “njengamaxesha amanqam ekunzima ukujamelana nawo.” (2 Timoti 3:1-5) Kukho iimeko neengcinezelo ezichaphazela ulutsha nezibalaseleyo kweli xesha embalini. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zazo.
Ukutshintsha Kwezinto Entsatsheni
Ngokomzekelo, cinga nje ngokutshintsha kwezinto entsatsheni. IJournal of Instructional Psychology inikela ingxelo yokuba: “Ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu sabantwana baseMerika sibukela abazali baso beqhawul’ umtshato ngaphambi kokufikelela kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala.” Kunjalo ke nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshona. Njengoko umtshato wabazali babo uphela, aba baselula baba buhlungu gqitha. Le Journal ithi: “Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana abasandul’ ukubukela intsapho yakowabo iqhekeka badla ngokuba nengxaki esikolweni nasekuhlaleni kunabo bavela kwiintsapho ezomeleleyo nezifudumeleyo enoba zinomzali omnye okanye zezomtshato wesibini . . . Ukongezelela, ukuqhawula umtshato kwabazali kudla ngokuphazamisa iimvakalelo zomntwana kuze kumenze azibone engeyonto.”
Eny’ into eyenze utshintsho kwilungiselelo lentsapho, kukwanda kwamabhinqa aphangelayo. Kuhlolisiso olwenziwa eJapan ngolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa lulutsha kwafunyaniswa ukuba kunzima ukunyamekela abantwana kwiintsapho ezinabazali abaphangela bobabini kunakwiintsapho ezinomzali omnye ongaphangeliyo.
Liyinyaniso elokuba, iintsapho ezininzi ziyifuna ngokwenene imivuzo emibini ukuze zinyamekele iimfuno zobomi. Xa abazali bephangela bobabini, abantwana bayakwazi ukuphila ubomi obutofotofo. Kodwa kubakho ukuqhwalela kwezinto kwelinye icala: Xa zibuya esikolweni, izigidi ngezigidi zabantwana zifika kungekho mntu ekhaya. Abazali bona babuya bediniwe yaye sele bexakeke ziingxaki zasemsebenzini. Uba yintoni umphumo? Ulutsha oluninzi alufumani ngqalelo ingako yabazali. Omnye oselula wakhalaza ngelithi: “Asikhe sibe kunye njengentsapho.”
Abakhi-mkhanya abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba esi ayisosiqalo sihle kulutsha. UGqr. Robert Shaw uthi: “Ndicinga ukuba iindlela zokuqeqesha ezivele kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idluleyo, zivelise abantwana abangenabubele, abangancokoliyo, abangakwaziyo ukufunda nabangalawulekiyo. Abazali bazifumanisa bengamaxhoba ebutho labantu elithanda izinto eziphathekayo, neliyibeka phambili impumelelo, nto leyo ebabangela ukuba bachithe ixesha elininzi besemsebenzini yaye bazama ukusebenzisa le mali yabo ininzi kangangokude bangabi naxesha lokwenza izinto ezinokubamanyanisa nabantwana babo.”
Enye ingozi kulutsha: Abantwana babazali abaphangelayo badla ngokuba nexesha elininzi ngaphandle kwabazali babo. Ixesha elincinane kunye nabazali lidla ngokuba ngunobangela wenkathazo.
Ukutshintsha Kwezimvo Ngokuphathelele Uqeqesho
Ukutshintsha kwezimvo ngokuphathelele uqeqesho lwabazali nako kuye kwaluchaphazela ulutsha namhlanje. Njengoko uGqr. Ron Taffel eyibeka ngokuphandle, abazali abaninzi “bavula zibhuqe.” Kuthi kwakuba njalo, ulutsha oluninzi lukhule lungenamthetho.
Kwezinye iimeko, kuyenzeka ukuba abazali babangelwa yindlela abakhula ngayo bona. Bafuna ukuba ngabahlobo babantwana babo—bangabi ngqwabalala. Omnye umama uyavuma esithi: “Ndandiyekelela gqitha. Bona abam abazali babengqongqo gqitha; ndathi noko makhe ndinyenyise kowam umntwana. Kwathi kanti ndiyiphosile.”
Abazali bafikelela kuwuphi umkhamo kule nkalo? IUSA Today inikela le ngxelo: “Uhlolisiso olusandul’ ukwenziwa kulutsha olumalunga nama-600 olunyangelwa ukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi eNew York, eTexas, eFlorida naseKhalifoniya ludize ukuba ama-20% kulo aye abelana ngeziyobisi ngaphandle nje kotywala kunye nabazali balo kanti malunga ne-5% kolu lutsha lwafundiswa ukusebenzisa iziyobisi—ingakumbi ukutshaya intsangu—ngoonina okanye ngooyise.” Yintoni enokushukumisela umzali ukuba enze ubudenge obulolo hlobo? Omnye umzali wavuma ukuba: “Ndamxelela ukuba kubhetele azisebenzisele apha ekhaya iziyobisi ukuze ndibe liliso kuye.” Kuyabonakala ukuba abanye bavakalelwa kukuba ukwabelana ngeziyobisi nabantwana babo kuyindlela “yokusondelelana” nabo.
Ukuhlaselwa Ngamaziko Eendaba
Kukwakho nempembelelo enamandla yamaziko eendaba. Ngokutsho komphengululi uMarita Moll, olunye uhlolisiso lwadiza ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana waseUnited States uchitha iiyure ezine ezinemizuzu engama-48 ngemini ebukele umabonwakude okanye esebenzisa ikhompyutha.
Ngaba ikho into ephosakeleyo kuloo nto? Inqaku elapapashwa kwiphephancwadi iScience lanikela ingxelo yokuba “imibutho emithandathu nephambili kwelaseUnited States,” kuquka iAmerican Medical Association, yavumelana ngamxhelomnye kwelokuba, ugonyamelo oluboniswa ngamaziko eendaba “lubangela ukuba abanye abantwana babe ndlongondlongo.” Iphephancwadi iScience lathi: “Nakuba ingcaphephe zona zivumelana, abantu abaqhelekileyo babonakala bengayiqondi into yokuba amaziko eendaba anegalelo kwibutho labantu elindlongondlongo.”
Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge nje ngeevidiyo zomculo. Abazali basoloko besothuswa yindlela ezinye kwezi vidiyo ezisibonisa ngokuphandle ngayo isini. Ngaba ngokwenene zinokuyichaphazela indlela oluziphatha ngayo olunye ulutsha? Ngokutsho kolunye uhlolisiso olwenziwa kubafundi abangama-500 bakwanokholeji, “amazwi omculo akhuthaza ugonyamelo anokukwenza ube ndlongondlongo.” Ngokutsho kolunye uhlolisiso olusandul’ ukwenziwa, “ulutsha oluchitha ixesha elininzi lubukele isini nogonyamelo oluboniswa kwiividiyo zomculo we-rap ‘wamaqela emigulukudu,’ ludla ngokuyilinganisa loo ndlela yokuphila.” Olu hlolisiso nolwenziwa kumantombazana angaphezu kwama-500 lwabonisa ukuba lawo ayethanda gqitha ukubukela iividiyo zamaqela emigulukudu ayedla ngokubetha ootitshala, abanjwe aze abe neentlobano zesini nabantu abaninzi.
Ulutsha Neekhompyutha
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje neekhompyutha ziye zanegalelo elibonakalayo ekuxonxeni iingqondo eziselula. Ulindixesha iPediatrics uthi: “Kula mashumi eminyaka sele zininzi gqitha iikhompyutha ezindlwini. Kulo lonke eli [elaseUnited States], isibini kwisithathu samakhaya anabantwana abahamba isikolo (abakubudala beminyaka emi-6-17) aneekhompyutha . . . Umlinganiselo wabantwana ababeneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kutsho kweli-17 ubudala eUnited States nababekhulele kumakhaya aneekhompyutha uye wanda ususela kuma-55% ngowe-1998 ukuya kutsho kuma-65% ngowama-2000.” Nakwamanye amazwe iikhompyutha zixhaphakile.
Noko ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba oselula abe nekhompyutha ukuze akwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Ngenxa yoko, omnye umphengululi uthi: “malunga nama-90% olutsha oluneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kutsho kweli-17 ubudala lusebenzisa ikhompyutha yaye ama-59% kulo asebenzisa i-Internet.” Loo nto yenza abaselula bafumane inkcazelo ngendlela ekungazange kube yiyo ngaphambili—nto leyo entle kakhulu xa ikhompyutha isetyenziswa ngokusengqiqweni, phantsi kweliso labantu abakhulileyo. Kodwa abazali abaninzi gqitha baye bavumela abantwana babo ukuba basebenzise esi sixhobo ngendlela abathanda ngayo.
Njengobungqina boku, umphengululi uMoll ubhala athi kwiPhi Delta Kappan, ngokohlolisiso olwenziwa ngowama-2001 ngokusetyenziswa kweInternet, “ama-71 ekhulwini ayecinga ukuba ‘anento ayaziyo’ ngendlela abantwana bawo abayisebenzisa ngayo i-Internet. Kodwa xa abantwana babuzwa kwaumbuzo ofanayo, ama-70% kubo athi abazali bawo babesazi ‘okuncinane gqitha okanye babengazi nto’ ngoko bakwenza kwi-Internet.” Ngokutsho kolu hlolisiso, “ama-30% abantwana abakwisithuba seminyaka eli-9 ukuya kutsho kweli-10 ubudala ayitsho into yokuba akha afikelela kumajelo eInternet alungiselelwe abantu abakhulileyo. Le ngxaki iba mandundu ngakumbi, kuba ama-58% abantwana abaneminyaka eli-11 ukuya kutsho kweli-12 ubudala, ama-70% abantwana abaneminyaka eli-13 ukuya kutsho kweli-14 ubudala nama-72% abantwana abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kutsho kweli-17 ubudala athi akha ayenza loo nto. . . . Kuhlolisiso olwenziwa eBritani ngendlela yokusetyenziswa kweInternet ekhaya, umzali omnye kwabasixhenxe uye wavuma ukuba akazi ukuba abantwana bakhe babukela ntoni kwi-Internet.”
Ukusebenzisa i-Internet ngaphandle kweliso labazali kunokubeka ulutsha esichengeni sokubukela amanyala. Noko ke, ubungozi abupheleli apho. OkaTaffel, ocatshulwe ngaphambilana ukhalaza ngelithi: “Abantwana bethu bazenzela abahlobo esikolweni nakwiikhompyutha—yaye ngenxa yoko bachitha ixesha nabantwana esingabaziyo.”
Ngokucacileyo, ulutsha lwanamhlanje lusesichengeni sengcinezelo neengxaki ezazingekho phambili phayaa. Akumangalisi ukuba ulutsha oluninzi lwenze izinto ezingaqhelekanga! Ngaba ikho into enokwenziwa ukuze kuncedwe ulutsha lwanamhlanje?
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
“Ndicinga ukuba iindlela zokuqeqesha ezivele kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idluleyo, zivelise abantwana abangenabubele, abangancokoliyo, abangakwaziyo ukufunda nabangalawulekiyo.”—UGQR. ROBERT SHAW
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6, 7]
Ukuphangela kwamabhinqa amaninzi kuye kwalitshintsha ilungiselelo lentsapho
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Ulutsha olungayifumaniyo ingqalelo yabazali lunokungena ngokulula enkathazweni
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]
Abaphengululi baye bathi ubundlongondlongo bubangelwa ziividiyo zomculo ezikhuthaza ugonyamelo
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 9]
Ngaba uyazi ukuba abantwana bakho babukela ntoni kwi-Internet?