IHepatitis B—Umbulali Ongaqondakaliyo

“Ndandineminyaka engama-27 ubudala, ndisandul’ ukutshata yaye ndiziva ndingumqabaqaba. Ndandisebenza nzima, kwangaxeshanye ndineembopheleleko ebandleni lamaNgqina kaYehova. Into endandingayazi kukuba ihepatitis B yayisele iqalisile ukonakalisa isibindi sam.”—UDukk Yun.

ISIBINDI somntu sihluza ityhefu evela egazini size senze nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezimalunga nama-500. Ngenxa yoko, ihepatitis—ukukrala kwesibindi—inokuba yingozi empilweni yomntu. Ihepatitis inokubangelwa kukusela utywala ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukungenwa yityhefu. Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi idla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba zintlanu iindidi zeentsholongwane yaye zicinga ukuba kukho nezinye ezintathu ezongezelelekileyo—Funda ibhokisi engezantsi.

Enye nje kuphela kwezi ntsholongwane zintlanu—intsholongwane ihepatitis B (i-HBV)—ibulala abantu abangaphezu kwabangama-600 000 nyaka ngamnye, nani elo elilinganayo nelo labantu ababulawa yimalariya. Abantu abangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezimbini—phantse umntu omnye kwabathathu ehlabathini lonke—bane-HBV yaye abaninzi kubo baye banyangwa emva kweenyanga nje ezimbalwa. Noko ke, esi sifo asinyangeki kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-350. Ubomi babo bonke, enoba banazo iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba banesi sifo okanye akunjalo, basenokubosulela abanye abantu.a

Ukunyangwa isaqala nje ukubonwa intsholongwane yehepatitis kunokukhusela isibindi singonakali kakhulu. Kodwa abantu abaninzi baye bangazi ukuba banesi sifo, kuba kukho indlela ethile ekhethekileyo yokuhlola igazi ukuze kubonwe i-HBV. Kwanokuba usihlola rhoqo isibindi kusenokuthiwa asinangxaki. I-HBV inokuba ngumbulali ongaqondakaliyo kuba ihlasela ingabhungisanga. Iimpawu zayo zisenokungabonakali kangangamashumi eminyaka emva kokuba ube nesi sifo. Ngelo xesha unokuba nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi okanye umhlaza wesibindi. Ezi zifo zibulala umntu omnye kwabane abane-HBV.

“Ndayifumana Njani I-HBV?”

UDukk Yun uthi: “Iimpawu zaqala ukubonakala xa ndandineminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Isisu sam sasihambisa, ngenxa yoko ndaya kugqirha kodwa wanyanga nje isisu. Emva koko ndaya kwigqirha laseAsia elandinika iyeza elinceda amathumbu nesisu. Bobabini abazange bahlole ihepatitis. Ngenxa yokuba isisu sasingayeki ukuhambisa ndabuyela kugqirha.b Wandicofa ngasekunene kwesisu sam, ibe kwaba buhlungu. Emva kokuba ehlole igazi lam, kwathi kanti yile nto wayeyikrokrela—ndandinentsholongwane ihepatitis B. Ndothuka! Andizange ndikhe nditofele igazi okanye ndibe neentlobano zesini nabantu abahlukahlukeneyo.”

Emva kokuba uDukk Yun efumanise ukuba une-HBV, inkosikazi yakhe, abazali nabantwana bakowabo baya kuhlola igazi yaye bonke babene-HBV. Kodwa kwimeko yabo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yakwazi ukumelana nale ntsholongwane. Ngaba uDukk Yun wayesulelwe ngomnye wabo? Ngaba bonke babeyifumene ngaloo ndlela? Akukho mntu waziyo. Eneneni, akwaziwa ukuba yintoni ebangela esi sifo kubantu abamalunga nama-35 ekhulwini. Into eyaziwayo kukuba ihepatitis B ayisosifo esifunyanwa ngofuzo yaye asosuleli ngenxa nje yokubamba umntu onaso okanye ngokutya esityeni esinye. Kunoko I-HBV isasazeka xa igazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba njengamadlozi, ulwelo olukhutshwa lilungu lesini lomntu obhinqileyo okanye amathe omntu onesi sifo engena egazini lomnye umntu njengakwinxeba okanye ngamarhanana.

Abantu abaninzi basifumana esi sifo ngenxa yokuba betofelwe igazi elingcolileyo, ngokukodwa kumazwe angenazo izinto zokuhlola i-HBV. I-HBV yeyona ikhawuleze yasulele kune-HIV, intsholongwane ebangela uGawulayo. Kwanegazi nje elincinane njengelinokufumaneka kwireyizara linokusulela umntu nge-HBV yaye igazi elomileyo linokuyigcina le ntsholongwane kangangeveki nangaphezulu.c

Kubalulekile Ukuba Abanye Babe Nolwazi Oluchanileyo

UDukk Yun uthi: “Emva kokuba inkampani endisebenza kuyo yazile ukuba ndine-HBV ndabekwa kwiofisi encinane ekude kwabanye abantu endisebenza nabo.” Ukuphathwa ngolo hlobo kuyinto eqhelekileyo yaye kubangelwa kukuba abantu abayazi indlela intsholongwane yesi sifo esasazeka ngayo. Kwanabantu abanolwazi banokubhidanisa ihepatitis B nehepatitis A, esona sifo sasulelayo kodwa esingabulaliyo. Ukongezelela, kuba i-HBV inokudluliselwa ngokuba neentlobano zesini, nabantu abaziphethe kakuhle banokukrokrelwa.

Ukungabi nalwazi luchanileyo nokuhamb’ ukrokrela abantu kunokubangel’ iingxaki. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo ezininzi abantwana nabantu abadala abane-HBV baphathwa kakubi. Abantwana abavunyelwa ngabazali abangabamelwane ukuba badlale nabo, abamkelwa ezikolweni yaye abaqashwa emisebenzini. Ngenxa yokuba abantu besoyika ukuphathwa kakubi abayi ukuya kuhlolelwa i-HBV yaye ukuba banayo bayakufihla oko. Abanye bade babeke impilo yabo neyezalamane zabo esichengeni kunokuba batheth’ inyani. Ngenxa yoko, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

Kubalulekile Ukuphumla

UDukk Yun uthi: “Nangona ugqirha wam wayendixelele ukuba ndimele ndiphumle, emva kweenyanga ezimbini ndabuyela emsebenzini. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi neeCT scan azizange zibonise ukudumba kwesibindi, ngenxa yoko ndacinga ukuba ndiphilile.” Emva kweminyaka emithathu inkampani awayesebenza kuyo yamtshintshela kwisixeko esikhulu yaye ubomi bakhe babuxakekile. Ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ehlawule irente axhase nentsapho yakhe waqhubeka esebenza.

Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa umlinganiselo wentsholongwane eyayisegazini likaDukk Yun wenyuka yaye wayeziva ediniwe. Uthi: “Kwanyanzeleka ndiyeke emsebenzini yaye ngoku ndiyazisola kuba ndasebenza nzima. Ukuba ndandiyekile ukusebenza mhlawumbi ngendingaguli kangaka.” UDukk Yun wafund’ isifundo. Ukususela ngoko wayengasebenzi nzima yaye wanciphisa iindleko zakhe. Ukongezelela, intsapho yakhe yonke yasebenzisana naye, inkosikazi yakhe yafumana umsebenzi ukuze incedise ekuhlawuleni iindleko.

Ukuphila Nesifo I-Hepatitis B

Impilo kaDukk Yun yaba bhetele, kodwa ukukrala kwesibindi sakhe kwenza kwaba nzima ngegazi ukuba lidlule nto leyo ebangela ukuba kunyuke iblood pressure. Emva kweminyaka eli-11 umthambo osemqaleni wagqabhuka yaye kwaphuma igazi yaye loo nto yamenza waya kulala esibhedlele kangangeveki. Emva kweminyaka emine waphazamiseka engqondweni. Iammonia yakhelana ebuchotsheni bakhe ngenxa yokuba isibindi sakhe sasingakwazi ukuyihluza. Noko ke, unyango lwayilungisa loo ngxaki emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Sithethanje uDukk Yun uneminyaka engama-54 ubudala. Ukuba imeko yakhe iya isiba mandundu ayikho enye into anokuyenza. Unyango olulwisana neentsholongwane aluyisusi ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane yaye lusenokubangela ezinye iingxaki ezinokubeka ubomi bakhe esichengeni. Enye into enokwenziwa kukuqhaqhwa aze afakelwe isibindi somnye umntu kodwa abantu abalinde ukuba benziwe olo qhaqho baninzi kunabantu abanikela ngesibindi. UDukk Yun uthi: “Ndinokufa nanini na. Kodwa akuncedi ukuzikhathaza ngaloo nto. Ndisaphila, ndinendawo yokuhlala nentsapho endithandayo. Imeko yam iye yanceda mna nentsapho yam ngeendlela ebesingazilindelanga. Ndinexesha elininzi lokuba kunye nentsapho yam nelininzi lokufunda iBhayibhile. Oku kundinceda ndingakoyiki ukufa ndize ndijonge phambili ekuphileni ubomi obufezekileyo obungenazigulo.”d

Ngenxa yokuba uDukk Yun enembono efanelekileyo, intsapho yakhe yonwabile yaye yena nenkosikazi yakhe nabantwana bakhe abathathu bangabalungiseleli abangamaKristu bexesha elizeleyo.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 13]

Ukunyangwa isaqala nje ukubonwa intsholongwane yehepatitis kunokunceda ekuphepheni umonakalo

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 14]

Ngenxa yokuba abantu besoyika ukuphathwa kakubi abayi ukuya kuhlolelwa i-HBV yaye ukuba banayo bayakufihla oko

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 12, 13]

LUHLOBO OLUNJANI LWEHEPATITIS?

Zintlanu iintsholongwane ezaziwayo ezinokubangela ihepatitis yaye ezintathu zaziwa ngokuba ngu-A, u-B no-C. Ezinye iintsholongwane ziyarhanelwa. Iimpawu zazo zonke iihepatitis zinokukwenza uzive ngathi unomkhuhlane yaye zinokukwenza ube nenyongo okanye usenokungabi nayo. Abantu abaninzi ngokukodwa abantwana ababi nazo iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba banehepatitis. Zinokuthi zibonakala iimpawu zehepatitis B nehepatitis C, sibe isibindi sele sonakele.

INTSHOLONGWANE IHEPATITIS A (i-HAV)

I-HAV ibonakala kwilindle lomntu onayo. Le ntsholongwane inokuhlala kwityuwa okanye emanzini acocekileyo nakwii-ice cubes. Umntu unokufumana isifo i-HAV xa

● Esitya ukutya okungaphekwanga okusuka emanzini anelindle naneentsholongwane

● Esondelelene nomntu onale ntsholongwane okanye besabelana ngokutya, isiselo okanye izixhobo zokutya

● Engahlambi zandla emva kokuba esebenzise indlu yangasese, etshintshe umntwana onesi sifo okanye ngaphambi kokuba apheke

I-HAV ibangela ukuba umntu agule okwethutyana kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ayidli ngokuba sisifo esinganyangekiyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umzimba uyayikhupha le ntsholongwane emva kweeveki okanye iinyanga. Akukho lunyango lukhethekileyo onokulufumana ngaphandle kokuphumla nokutya ukutya okusempilweni. Utywala, kuquka iipilisi ezinokusonakalisa isibindi njengeacetaminophen, zifanele ziphetshwe de ugqirha aqiniseke ukuba isibindi siphilile. Umntu one-HAV akabi nayo kwakhona kodwa uba nolunye uhlobo lwehepatitis. Ukugonywa kunokuyithintela ihepatitis A.

INTSHOLONGWANE IHEPATITIS B (i-HBV)

I-HBV iba segazini, kumadlozi nakulwelo olukhutshwa lilungu lesini lomntu obhinqileyo onesi sifo. Le ntsholongwane yosulela umntu ongenwe zezi zinto. Le ntsholongwane inokudluliselwa

● Xa umntu ezalwa (umama unokosulela usana lwakhe)

● Ngezixhobo zokunyanga, zamazinyo, ngezixhobo zokwenza itattoo nezokugqobhoza ezingacocekanga

● Ngokusebenzisa iinaliti, ireyizara, into yokucheba amazipho, ibrashi yokuhlamba amazinyo okanye nantoni na enokudlulisela intwana yegazi komnye umntu

● Ngeentlobano zesini

Abezonyango bathi i-HBV ayidluliselwa zizinambuzane, kukukhohlela, ukubambana izandla, ukuwolana, ukuphuzana esidleleni, ukuncancisa okanye ukwabelana ngokutya, iziselo, ukusebenzisa izinti zokutya okanye ngezinye izinto zokutya. Kubantu abadala abaninzi i-HBV iyanyangwa yaye emva koko abaphindi bayifumane. Abantwana basengozini yokufumana i-HBV enganyangekiyo. Ihepatitis B enganyangekiyo inokonakalisa isibindi ize imbulale umntu xa ingahoywanga. Ukugonywa kusenokuyithintela ihepatitis B.

INTSHOLONGWANE IHEPATITIS C (i-HCV)

I-HCV unokuyifumana ngendlela efanayo ne-HBV kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo umntu uyifumana xa etofwe ngenaliti enale ntsholongwane. Asikho isitofu sokugonyelwa ihepatitis C.e

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 14]

INDLELA YOKUTHINTELA UKWANDA KWE-HBV

Nangona bebaninzi abantu abane-HBV ehlabathini, abamalunga nama-78 ekhulwini abanehepatitis B enganyangekiyo bahlala eAsia nakwiziqithi zePasifiki. Kuloo ndawo umntu omnye kwabali-10 unale ntsholongwane. Abantu abaninzi abanale ntsholongwane bayincanca ebeleni likanina okanye bayifumana besengabantwana ngenxa yokudibana negazi labanye abantwana. Ukugonywa kweentsana nabanye abantu abasesichengeni kunceda ekubeni bangabi baninzi abantu abanesi sifo.f Kwiindawo ezinabantu abaye bagonywa liye lehla inani labantu abanesi sifo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 15]

UDukk Yun ekunye nenkosikazi nabantwana bakhe abathathu

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 12]

© Sebastian Kaulitzki/Alamy