Elona Tyala Lidumileyo Lakha Lakho

AMBALWA amatyala amandulo aziwayo njengeli. Iingxelo ezine ezahlukeneyo zeBhayibhile, ezibizwa ngokuba ziincwadi zeVangeli, zikuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ukubanjwa, ukuxoxwa kwetyala nokubulawa kukaYesu Kristu. Kutheni ufanele ube nomdla kulo? Kungenxa yokuba uYesu wayalela abalandeli bakhe ukuba bakhumbule ukufa kwakhe, nto leyo elenza libaluleke eli tyala; kuba sifanele sazi enokuba izityholo awayebekwa zona uYesu zaziyinyani, nangenxa yokuba ukunikela kukaYesu ngobomi bakhe ngokuzithandela kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi nakwikamva lethu.—Luka 22:19; Yohane 6:40.

Ngexesha letyala likaYesu, iPalestina yayilawulwa ngamaRoma. AmaRoma ayewavumela amaYuda ukuba awachophele ngokwawo amatyala esebenzisa imithetho yawo kodwa ayengenalo igunya lokubulala. Ngenxa yoko uYesu wabanjwa ngamaYuda kodwa wabulawa ngamaRoma. Ukushumayela kwakhe kwazihlazisa kakhulu iinkokeli zonqulo kangangokuba zagqiba ekubeni umele afe. Kodwa ke, zazifuna kubonakale kusemthethweni ukufa kwakhe. Xa wayehlalutya eli tyala omnye unjingalwazi womthetho wathi eli tyala “lelona yelenqe libalaseleyo kuwo onke amatyala akhe akho.”a

Ukujijwa Komthetho

UMthetho uMoses awawunika amaSirayeli ubizwa ngokuba “ngowona mthetho usemagqabini nowaziwa ngokubanzi.” Noko ke, ngexesha likaYesu oorabhi ababethanda ukwenza imithetho bongeza udederhu lwemithetho engekhoyo eBhayibhileni, kamva uninzi lwawo lwabhalwa kwiTalmud. (Bona ibhokisi ethi “IMithetho YamaYuda Ngeenkulungwane Zokuqala.”) Ityala likaYesu lalinjani xa lalithelekiswa nale mithetho yeBhayibhile naleyo yoorabhi?

Ngaba uYesu wabanjwa kuba emangalelwe enkundleni ngamangqina amabini? Ukuze lime ityala kwakufanele kube njalo. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala ePalestina, umYuda ocinga ukuba kophulwe umthetho wayefanele amangale enkundleni. Inkundla yayiphanda izityholo ezo ziziswe kuyo. Yayingamangqina kuphela awayenokuba ngabatshutshisi kweli tyala. Ityala laliqala xa kukho amangqina amabini avumelanayo. Ubungqina bawo babusenza sime isimangalo nto leyo eyayikhokelela ekubanjweni kommangalelwa. Babungavumelekanga ubungqina bengqina elinye. (Duteronomi 19:15) Noko ke, kwimeko kaYesu, abasemagunyeni bafuna “indlela ephumelelayo” yokumbulala. Wabanjwa xa kwavela “ithuba elihle” ebusuku “kungekho sihlwele simjikelezileyo.”—Luka 22:2, 5, 6, 53.

Xa wayebanjwa uYesu kwakungekho tyala abekwa lona. Ababingeleli neSanhedrin bafuna amangqina emva kokuba ebanjiwe. (Mateyu 26:59) Babengakwazi ukufumana abantu ababini abanobungqina obufanayo. Yayingengomsebenzi wenkundla ukufuna amangqina. UTaylor Innes oligqwetha nombhali uthi: “ukubeka umntu ityala elinokukhokelela ekufeni, ungakhange uchaze kwangaphambili ityala abekwa lona, yinto engazange yenzeka ngaphambili.”

Ihlokondiba elabamba uYesu lamsa kwa-Anas owayesakufudula enguMbingeleli oMkhulu, ukuze ancinwe. (Luka 22:54; Yohane 18:12, 13) UAnas akazange awunanze umthetho wokuba amatyala okufa afanele athethwe emini kungekhona ebusuku. Ukongezelela koko, naluphi na uphando lwalufanele lwenziwe enkundleni, kungekhona ngasese. Ekubeni uYesu wayesazi ukuba uAnas akawulandeli umthetho, wambuza wathi: “Kutheni ubuza mna nje? Buza abo bakuvileyo oko ndikuthethe kubo. Yabona! Aba bayakwazi oko ndiye ndakutsho.” (Yohane 18:21) UAnas wayefanele ancine amangqina kungekhona ummangalelwa. Umbuzo kaYesu wawufanele wenze umgwebi onyanisekileyo ayihlonele inkqubo efanelekileyo, kodwa uAnas wayengenamdla kokusesikweni.

Le mpendulo kaYesu yabangela ukuba aqhwatywe ngempama—leyo asikuphela kwento ayinyamezelayo ngobo busuku. (Luka 22:63; Yohane 18:22) Umthetho okwincwadi yeNumeri isahluko sama-35 xa uthetha ngendlela abafanele baphathwe ngayo abantu abakwimizi yokusabela wawusithi babefanele bangaphathwa kakubi de bafunyaniswe benetyala. Wayefanele noYesu akhuselwe ngaloo ndlela.

Emva koko, abamangaleli bakaYesu bamsa kwikhaya loMbingeleli oMkhulu uKayafa apho lachotshelwa khona eli tyala. (Luka 22:54; Yohane 18:24) Apho yashwaqazwa yonke imigaqo yokusesikweni, ababingeleli bafuna “ubungqina bobuxoki nxamnye noYesu ukuze bambulale,” kodwa ayengekho amangqina amabini awayevumelana ngezinto ezazithethwe nguYesu. (Mateyu 26:59; Marko 14:56-59) Umbingeleli omkhulu wazama ukuba uYesu azifake etyaleni ngokwakhe. Wabuza wathi: “Akukho nto uyithethayo na ukuphendula? Yintoni na le bayingqinayo aba nxamnye nawe?” (Marko 14:60) Le ndlela yokutshutshisa yayingavumelekanga. UInnes obecatshulwe ngaphambili uthi: “Ukubuza ummangalelwa, uze umbophelele ngempendulo yakhe kwakungafanelekanga.”

Ekugqibeleni uYesu wathetha into ababenokuyisebenzisa nxamnye naye. Ephendula umbuzo othi: “Unguye na uKristu uNyana waLowo Ungowokubongwa?” UYesu waphendula wathi: “Ndinguye; yaye niya kumbona uNyana womntu ehleli ngakwisandla sasekunene samandla, esiza namafu ezulu.” Ababingeleli bathi uyanyelisa baza “bonke bamgwebela isohlwayo sokuba ufanelwe kukufa.”—Marko 14:61-64.b

Ngokutsho koMthetho kaMoses, amatyala ayefanele athethwe esidlangalaleni. (Duteronomi 16:18; Rute 4:1) Kwelinye icala eli yayilityala langasese. Akakho umntu owazama ukuthethelela uYesu. Alizange liphononongwe ibango likaYesu lokuba unguMesiya. UYesu wayengenalo ithuba lokubiza amangqina okumthethelela. Abagwebi abazange bavote ukuze baqinisekise ukuba unetyala okanye umsulwa.

Ngaphambi KukaPilato

Ekubeni amaYuda ayengenalo igunya lokumbulala uYesu, amsa kuPontiyo Pilato, irhuluneli yaseRoma. Umbuzo wokuqala awababuza wona wawusithi: “Nimmangalela ngantoni lo mntu?” Ekubeni ayesazi ukuba izimangalo zawo zokunyelisa azinasihlahla kuPilato, amaYuda azama ukumnyanzela ukuba amgwebe uYesu ngaphandle kokuphanda. Athi: “Ukuba lo mntu ebengengomenzi-bubi, ngesingamnikelanga kuwe.” (Yohane 18:29, 30) UPilato wasikhaba ngawo omane isimangalo sawo, nto leyo eyanyanzela amaYuda ukuba eze nesinye isityholo: “Lo mntu simfumene ebhukuqa uhlanga lwethu, ekwalela ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu kuKesare, esithi yena unguKristu ukumkani.” (Luka 23:2) Ngoku isimangalo sokunyelisa satshintshwa saba sisityholo sokuvukela umbuso.

Isityholo sokuba “ekwalela ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu” yayibubuxoki, yaye abo babemmangalela babeyazi loo nto. UYesu wayefundisa into eyahlukileyo kuleyo. (Mateyu 22:15-22) Kwisityholo sokuba uYesu wayezenza ikumkani, uPilato wahle wabona ukuba sasingeyonyani. Wathi: “Andifumani siphoso kuye.” (Yohane 18:38) UPilato wayesoloko ethetha loo nto kulo lonke elo tyala.

Okokuqala uPilato wayefuna ukumkhulula uYesu ngokumvumela ukuba axhamle kwisithethe samaYuda sokuba kukhululwe ibanjwa ngePasika. Kodwa, ekugqibeleni wakhulula uBharabhas, owayenetyala lokuphanga nokubulala.—Luka 23:18, 19; Yohane 18:39, 40.

Irhuluneli yaseRoma yazama ukusithoba isigwebo sikaYesu. Yanxibisa uYesu impahla emsobo yaza yamthwalisa isithsaba sameva, egcuma, ebethiwe kuhlekiswa ngaye. Waphinda wathi uYesu akanatyala. Kwakungathi uPilato uthi: ‘Akwanelanga na oku babingeleli ndini?’ Mhlawumbi wayecinga ukuba xa bembona engcungcutheka ngenxa yokubethwa ngamaRoma kwakuza kubenza babenovelwano baze baneliseke. (Luka 23:22) Akuzange kuthi thiki nakancinane.

“UPilato wahlala efuna indlela yokumkhulula [uYesu]. Kodwa amaYuda akhwaza, esithi: ‘Ukuba uyamkhulula lo mntu, akungomhlobo kaKesare. Wonke umntu ozenza ukumkani uthetha ngokunxamnye noKesare.’” (Yohane 19:12) UKesare owayephethe ngelo xesha yayinguTibheriyo, umlawuli owayedume ngokubulala naye nabani na ongathi akathembekanga kwanamagosa aphezulu. UPilato wayesele exabene namaYuda, ngenxa yoko wayengafuni ukuphinda axabane nawo. Elo hlokondiba lamsongela woyika uPilato. Wanikezela kuloo ngcinezelo yalo waza wabulawa uYesu engenatyala.—Yohane 19:16.

Ukuhlolwa Kobungqina

Iingcali zomthetho ziye zahlalutya iingxelo zeVangeli ezithetha ngetyala likaYesu. Ziye zagqiba kwelokuba yayikukujijwa komthetho. Elinye igqwetha labhala lathi: “Eli tyala laqalwa ezinzulwini zobusuku kwaza kwawiswa isigwebo ekuseni, kophulwa imigaqo yemithetho yamaHebhere nokusesikweni.” Unjingalwazi womthetho uthi: “Lilonke nje eli tyala lathethwa gwenxa kangangokuba sinokuthi abagwebi ngabo ababulala uYesu.”

UYesu wayemsulwa. Kodwa ke, wayesazi ukuba umele afe ukuze kusindiswe abantu abathobelayo. (Mateyu 20:28) Wayekuthanda kakhulu okusesikweni kangangokuba wazivumela waphathwa ngeyona ndlela ingekho sikweni. Oko wayekwenza ngenxa yaboni abanjengathi. Masingaze siyilibale loo nto.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 20]

Imithetho YamaYuda Ngeenkulungwane Zokuqala

Izithethe zamaYuda, ezabhalwa phantsi kwiinkulungwane zokuqala zeXesha Eliqhelekileyo kodwa kukholelwa ukuba zazikho kwamandulo, zaziquka le mithetho ilandelayo.

▪ Kumatyala okubulala, kwakuqale kuphulaphulwe ummangalelwa

▪ Abagwebi kwakufuneka bazame ukumthethelela ummangalelwa

▪ Abagwebi babenokumthethelela ummangalelwa kodwa babengafanelanga bamtshonise etyaleni

▪ Amangqina ayechazelwa ngokubaluleka kobungqina bawo

▪ Ubungqina bamangqina babuviwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo

▪ Ubungqina kwakufuneka buvisisane kuzo zonke iinkalo ezibalulekileyo, umhla, indawo, ixesha lokwenzeka kwayo njalo njalo

▪ Amatyala okubulala kwakufuneka athethwe emini size nesigwebo sikhutshwe emini

▪ Amatyala ayengafanelanga aviwe kusuku olungaphambi kweSabatha okanye umthendeleko

▪ Ityala lokubulala lalinokuqala lize liphele ngemini enye ukuba ummangalelwa wayeza kukhululwa, ukuba wayeza kugwetywa ityala laliqukunjelwa ngosuku olulandelayo

▪ Amatyala okubulala ayechotshelwa ngabagwebi abangama-23 ubuncinane

▪ Abagwebi babebolekisana xa bevotela ukukhulula okanye ukugweba ummangalelwa, kuqale oyena usemtsha; ababhali babewabhala phantsi amazwi abo bathi makakhululwe nabo bathi makagwetywe

▪ Ummangalelwa wayekhululwa nje kuphela xa abagwebi abafuna akhululwe bedlule ngomgwebi omnye kwabanye kodwa ukuba ummangalelwa uyagwetywa kwakufuneka inani lidlule ngabagwebi ababini, kwakusongezwa abagwebi ababini de kwenziwe isigqibo esifanelekileyo

▪ Ummangalelwa wayengenakugwetya kungekho nomnye umgwebi omthethelelayo imeko enjalo yayijongwa “njengeyelenqe”

Amakhwiniba Kwityala LikaYesu

▪ Inkundla ayizange iwaphulaphule amangqina amthethelelayo

▪ Akakho umgwebi owayefuna ukuthethelela uYesu; babeziintshaba zakhe

▪ Ababingeleli bafuna amaNgqina obuxoki ukuze bamgwebele ukufa uYesu

▪ Ityala lachotshelwa ebusuku ngasese

▪ Ityala laqalwa laza lagqitywa ngosuku olunye, ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise umthendeleko

▪ UYesu wabanjwa engamangalelwanga

▪ Ekubeni uYesu wayesithi unguMesiya, kwathiwa “uyanyelisa,” kungakhange kuhlolwe izibakala

▪ Esi simangalo satshintsha xa ityala leziswa phambi kukaPilato

▪ Ezi zimangalo zazibubuxoki

▪ UPilato wamfumana engenatyala uYesu kodwa wamgweba

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 22]

Amangqina Ayamangaleleka Ngobungqina Bawo

Iinkundla zamaYuda zazikhupha esi silumkiso esiphathelele ukubaluleka kobomi kumangqina kumatyala okubulala ngaphambi kokuba anikele ubungqina:

“Mhlawumbi uneenjongo zokunikela ubungqina ngento oyicingelayo, undiva okanye into oyive ithethwa lelinye ingqina; okanye usenokucinga ukuba ‘ndiyive kumntu endimthembayo.’ Okanye usenokungazi ukuba, siza kuncina. Ufanele wazi ukuba imithetho elawula amatyala omhlaba yahlukile kwimithetho elawula amatyala okubulala. Kwityala lemihlaba, umntu uhlawula imali libe liphelile ityala. Kumatyala okubulala amangqina obuxoki aya kubekeka ityala ukusa kwixesha elingenasiphelo ngenxa yegazi [lommangalelwa] negazi labo bebeza kuba yinzala yakhe [lowo ugwetywa engenatyala].”—IBabylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 37a.

Ukuba ummangalelwa uyagwetywa, amangqina kwakufuneka akhokele ekuphumezeni isohlwayo.—Levitikus 24:14; Duteronomi 17:6, 7.