Ukubuka Okwezwe

LUQEDIWE UBANDLULULO EMABHISHI

NgoNovember 16, 1989, umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika wamemezela ukuthi amabhishi akulelozwe kusukela ngalesosikhathi ayezovulelwa abantu bazo zonke izinhlanga. NgokweNew York Times, uMongameli F. W. de Klerk wathembisa nokuthi uMthetho Wokunqabela Abanye Ezindaweni Ezithile wawuzoqedwa ngokushesha; waqala ukusebenza eminyakeni engama-36 edlule futhi bewusetshenziselwa ukwenqabela uwonk’ uwonke ngaphandle kwabantu abamhlophe emachibini okubhukuda athile omphakathi, amapaki, imitapo yezincwadi, nezinto zokuhamba. INhlangano Ephikisayo, yakulelozwe, ingajabule ngethemba lokuqedwa kwalomthetho, yasola ude Klerk ngokufaka iNingizimu Afrika emgwaqweni oya ekubeni “exube izinhlanga ngokuphelele.” Kodwa ezinye zezindawo zomphakathi okukhulunywa ngazo, kuhlanganise namabhishi amaningi, ubandlululo lwase luqedwe buthule kuzo ngaphambi kokuba umongameli akhulume lenkulumo. Ukuqedwa kwalomthetho ngeke kuqede ubandlululo ezibhedlela, ezikoleni, noma ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinobandlululo.

IAIDS EMINYAKENI YAWO-1990

Engqungqutheleni ebiseMarseilles, eFrance, uDkt. Jonathan Mann, umqondisi weSimiso Sembulunga Yonke esiphathelene nengculaza (Aids) seNhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo, waxwayisa ngokwanda okukhulu kwengculaza embulungeni yonke eminyakeni yawo-1990. Njengamanje abantu abaningi abayizigidi eziyishumi kungenzeka banegciwane layo emazweni ayi-152 emhlabeni wonke. Ngonyaka ka-2000, ingculaza kungenzeka ibulale abantu abayizigidi eziyisithupha. Umbiko kuyiTimes yaseLondon uphawula ukuthi iAfrika iyona ehlaselwe kakhulu yilesisifo. EDar es Salaam, eTanzania, amaphesenti ayi-42 abesifazane abasebenza ezinkantini zotshwala nasezitolo zokudlela kubikwa ukuthi banalelogciwane. ECôte d’Ivoire, abantu abadala abathathu kwabayishumi kwathiwa banalo. Ngalesifo esibi eUnited States, iHudson Institute ixwayisa ngokuthi “kunesibhicongo esikhukhula iMelika.” Ibikezela ukuthi igciwane lengculaza liyobe selingene kubantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-14,5 ngo-2002 futhi eminyakeni yawo-1990 libulale abantu baseMelika abaningi ngaphezu kwazo zonke izimpi kuwo wonke umlando wesizwe.

“IZISEFO EZINGOKWEMVELO”

Izikhulu zaseDashi zithatha izinyathelo ezisunguliwe zokuhlanza ukungcola kwechibi iZoommeer elingamahektare ayi-1 225 eliseNetherlands. Baceba ukusebenzisa izilwane zasemanzini okuthiwa amamussel njengabadli bokungcola. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-International Herald Tribune, eyakhishwa eFrance, lezilwane zasemanzini okuthiwa amamussel zingasebenza “njengabasefi abangokwemvelo.” Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi amamussel angadla futhi aqede amakhemikhali anobuthi kanye nokusansimbi. Imfucumfucu yawo esalayo izika phansi lapho engase ikhishwe khona. Izazi zesayensi zithi amamussel angakhipha amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-50 amaPCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) kanye namaphesenti angu-30 noma ngaphezulu ecadmium evela emanzini.

IZINSUKU EZINGASHAYI EMHLOLENI

Izindawo eziningi zokucwaninga kwesayensi ezisebenzisa icarbon ekhipha imisebe yenuzi ekutholeni ubudala bemisebenzi yobungcweti yabantu evubukuliwe azinembi njengoba zisho ukuthi zinjalo, ngokokuhlola okwakuqondiswe wuMkhandlu Wezokucwaninga Kwezesayensi Nezobunjiniyela. Amasampula eminyaka eyaziwayo athunyelwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga kwesayensi ezingama-38 emhlabeni wonke ukuze zifakwe izinsuku. Izindawo eziyisikhombisa kuphela ezaveza imiphumela eyayicatshangelwa “njengeyanelisayo.” INew Scientist, umagazini waseBrithani, iyabika: “Umngcele wephutha . . . ungase ube mkhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kuya ngokuphindwe kathathu kunalokho ochwepheshe baleyonqubo abaye bakusho.” Ukwehluka okukhulu kangako kuphikisa ukugomela kombono okuvame ukwenziwa ngobudala bemisebenzi yobungcweti evubukuliwe, ikakhulukazi lapho lokhu kugomela kuphikisa ukubala kweBhayibheli izikhathi.

UKUBULAWA KWEZILWANE UKUZE KWENZIWE IMITHI YASEMPUMALANGA

Izikhulu zokuvikelwa kwezilwane zasendle zaseCanada muva nje zithole izidumbu eziningi ngokuqhubekayo zamabhele enqunywe izidladla nenyongo. Umagazini iMaclean’s waseCanada ubika ukuthi lezingxenyana nje ezivela ebheleni elilodwa zingatholela umbulali imali efinyelela ku-R11 100. Zidayiswa njengezithako zokwenza imithi yesintu yaseAsia, okucatshangelwa ukuthi ikwazi ukukhulula ezinhlungwini nasekusheni kwangaphakathi noma ukwenyusa amandla omuntu obulili. Ziyingxenye encane yebhizinisi elandayo lezitho nezinye izingxenye zezilwane zasendle; okuningi kwalelibhizinisi kusemthethweni. Ivelvet evela ezimpondweni zikankonka ne-elk, izitho zokuzala zezimvu zamanzi nezingonyama, amahhashi asolwandle omisiwe, ngisho nemibungu kankonka konke lokhu kufunwa ngamehlo abomvu.

AMAQEMBU OKUGADA

Iqembu elingalawuleki eBracebridge, eOntario, eCanada, liye laholela ekumisweni kwesimiso esisha sokugada endaweni. Abazali abathile bashiya indodana yabo eneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala ukuba igade ikhaya nomfowabo oneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala ngesikhathi bengekho. Wamema iqembu lentsha elinganiselwa ekhulwini, lelo ngokushesha elaziphatha ngokungafanele. Omakhelwane babiza amaphoyisa, kodwa lowomfana akawavumelanga ukuba angene endlini. Kamuva, umntwana oneminyaka eyishumi wabiza amaphoyisa. Leyontsha yayimphoqe ukuba aphuze ubhiya kwaze kwaba yilapho esedakiwe futhi losa inhlanzi yakhe ayeyifuyile layidla ebuka. Kodwa ngesikhathi amaphoyisa ebuya nencwadi ewagunyaza ukuba aseshe indlu, intsha yase yenze umonakalo obiza R28 900 endlini. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, isimiso esisha sivumela abazali abashiya intsha yabo ukuba igade ikhaya ukuba batshele amaphoyisa kusengaphambili, bewagunyaza ukuba angene endlini uma esola ukuthi kunokwephulwa kwemithetho yezidakamizwa, utshwala, noma ubugebengu.

INDLELA YOKUZIKHIPHA ISISU

Ngenxa yomthetho wamuva onikeze izifunda eziseUnited States igunya elengeziwe lokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu, inqwaba yamaqembu abesifazane asizanayo ivuselela futhi isakaza izindlela zabesifazane zokuzikhipha bona ngokwabo izisu. INew York Times ibika ukuthi amakhulu abesifazane muva nje aye akhiphana izisu ngalezozindlela, nokuthi izihloko, izincwadi, namakhasethi amavideo okubonisa lezindlela kusakazwa kabanzi. Omunye umkhulumeli wabesifazane watshela iTimes ukuthi izindlela ezinjalo zinikeza abesifazane igunya elengeziwe. Kodwa ngisho namanye amaqembu akuvunayo ukukhishwa kwezisu ayaphikisana nokukhishwa kwezisu kokusizana, ekulahla ngenxa yezingozi zakho.

IZINGWENYA EZIKHUNGATHEKILE

NgokweNew York Times izingwenya ezithile ezingama-500 zaseBengal bezilokhu zibulala abantu abalinganiselwa ku-60 ngonyaka. Ngomzamo wokunciphisa inani labantu abafayo, uPhiko Lwezamahlathi lwaseNdiya, luye lwathatha isinyathelo esisha. Ngenxa yokuthi kuthiwa izingwenya zibulala abantu ngokubanyenyela ngemuva kuphela, uPhiko Lwezamahlathi lukhiphe amamask afana nobuso agqokwa izisebenzi eziphundu. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu, akekho noyedwa owayefake imask owafa. Ngokuphambene, akekho noyedwa kubantu abangu-29 ababulawa izingwenya phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18 zokugcina zeminyaka emithathu owayefake imask. Omunye umgawuli wezingodo wahlaselwa ingwenya ngemuva lapho ehlezi phansi ukuze adle ukudla kwasemini futhi ekhumule imask yakhe. Phakathi kwabantu bendawo, kukhona abathile abathi “lezingwenya ezihlakaniphile ngeke zikhohliswe isikhathi eside.”

IZINKONZO ZESONTO EZINGENABAPRISTI

Ukuntuleka kwabapristi bamaKatolika eUnited States sekuye kwaba kubi kangangokuthi umhlangano wamuva nje wababhishobhi balelozwe wavumela ukuba kuqhutshwe inkonzo yangeSonto emasontweni angenabapristi. Idiyakoni noma umshumayeli, wesilisa noma wesifazane angase ahole inkonzo entsha. Iyohlanganisa izingoma, amahubo, ukufundwa kwemiBhalo, ukushiwo ngekhanda koMthandazo weNkosi, nokwamukela iSakramente Engcwele uma isinkwa sikhona esibusiswe umpristi noma esivela eMiseni langempela. Ababhishobhi bagcizelela ukuthi inkonzo entsha ayilona iMisa. Kodwa njengoba amasonto amaningi ephoqeleka ukuba aqhubeke engenabapristi, lenkonzo ingase idingeke kakhulu.

IHLAYA ELINGAFANELEKILE

Ibhayisikobho yamuva, eyalethela abenzi bayo baseNyakatho Melika izigidi ezingu-R325 ezinyangeni ezimbili nje, ibonisa inzondo nobudlova obukhulu ngendlela yokuhlekisa. Ukubukezwa kwalebhayisikobho kumagazini waseBrazil iVeja kuchaza isibonelo esisodwa. Ikhanda lomshayeli linqunywa ibhodi lokudlala phezu kwamagagasi. “Njengoba ukunqamuka kwalo kuboniswa, lesenzakalo sihlekisa kakhulu kunokuba sishaqise,” kuphawula lokho kubukezwa. “Umphumela uwukuthi izenzakalo ezingenakubalwa zokudubula, ukubulala, nokubulala ngobuningi, konke kugcwele igazi, . . . kubonisa ukuba yihlaya kunokuba kubonise ukungathandeki. Obukele ugcina echithwe isizungu ngobudlova. . . . Ubudlova, ukucwiywa konya kwezidumbu, ukuhlupheka okungabekezeleleki, kuba izaba zokwenza amahlaya.”

IZIKWELETI EZIPHOXAYO

Abantu baseYurophu abahlulekayo ukukhokha izikweleti zabo bangase ngokushesha bathole othile ogqoke izimpahla eziyinkimbinkimbi—ngokwesibonelo ipink panther—eminyango yemizi yabo noma ezindaweni abasebenza kuzo ukuze abakhumbuze ukuba bakhokhe. I-International Herald Tribune yaseParis ibika ukuthi konke lokhu kuyingxenye yesu elisha elaqaliswa abaqoqi bezikweleti baseSpain ngonyaka odlule ukuze bakhuthaze abakweletayo ukuba bakhokhe. Abakushoyo ukuthi labaqoqi bezikweleti abagqoke lezimpahla bayodonsa ukunakekela okukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi umtsheleki uyohlazeka, lokho kumenze akhokhe izikweleti zakhe. Umqondisi wenye inkampane uthi lelisu liyasebenza “cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi.”