Ukubuka Okwezwe
UMhlangano Wesigodi EMozambique
Ngemva kokuvinjelwa komsebe-nzi wabo iminyaka eminingi, oFa-kazi BakaJehova eMozambique bayakwazisa ukuba iziphathi-mandla zibanikeze inkululeko enkudlwana yokukhulekela. Muva nje, uMhlangano Wesigodi “Wolimi Oluhlanzekile” wezinsuku ezine waqhutshwa enkundleni yezemidlalo eCosta do Sol eMaputo, inhlokodolobha yaseMozambique. Ibika ngalomhlangano, iTempo, iphephabhuku elinyatheliswa eMaputo, iphawula ukuthi kwakunabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha engxenyeni yokuqala yesimiso somhlangano. Izinkulumo zanikezwa ngolimi lwesiPutukezi nesiTsonga. ITempo inezela ukuthi injongo yomhlangano ‘yayiwukuqinisa ubunye bobuKristu naphezu kokwehluka kwezilimi okuye kwabangela ukwehlukana phakathi kwabantu.’ Lesihloko sichaza ukuthi oFakazi BakaJehova basebenzela ukufinyelela lomgomo emhlabeni wonke, kungakhathaliseki “ubuzwe, uhlanga, imfundo, kanye nesikhundla emphakathini.”
Indlala, Kodwa Akukho Ukuntuleka Kokudla
“Ukuhlola kweBhange Lomhlaba kubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva, indlala yanyuka, ikakhulukazi eLatin America,” kusho isazi sezomnotho uJacques Chonchol engqungqutheleni eyayiseSão Paulo, eBrazil. Nakuba isihloko sayo sasithi “Indlala—Inselele Yawo-1990,” kwazwakaliswa ithemba elikhulu ngabantu abangu-1 116 000 000 kuwo wonke umhlaba ababhekwa njengabangondlekile kahle. “Ochwepheshe baqinisekisa ngokuthi inkinga ayibangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla,” kubika iEstado de S. Paulo. “Umhlaba ukhiqiza ukudla okwanele ukuba kwanelise izidingo zezakhamuzi zawo [eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane] ezingu-5,3. Kodwa abantu abanazo izindlela zokuthenga ukudla.” Ngani? Kuthiwa indlala iye yakhula ngenxa yokunqamuka kwezimiso zokuthuthukisa umphakathi okubangelwa izingxoxo zokukweleta kwezizwe zonke. Esinye isizathu, ngokukaChonchol, siwukuthi: “Indlala yadlanga lapho abantu bethuthela emadolobheni.”
Abezombangazwe Ababhemayo
Uhulumeni waseMexico muva nje uthathe isinyathelo sokuvikela abangabhemi. NgokweVisión, umagazini waseLatin America, ukubhema sekwenqatshelwe ezindaweni zemitapo yezincwadi, ezakhiweni zezempilo, emabhayisikobho, ezintweni zokuhamba zomphakathi, nasemahhovisi kahulumeni anikela izinkonzo emphakathini. Izindawo zokudlela kudingeka ukuba zibe nendawo yokuhlala abangabhemi. Labo abephula lomthetho babhekene nenhlawulo efinyelela ku-R75. Nokho, iVisión iphawula ukuthi “ngaphakathi koMnyango Wamaphini Kahulumeni neNdlu Yamanxusa (izindikimba zesishayamthetho esavuma lomthetho), lesisinyathelo asisebenzi ngoba abezombangazwe baseMexico abakwazi ukuzibamba ukuba bangabhemi phakathi namahora okusebenza.”
Ukuhlala Ndawonye?
NgokweMonde, iphephandaba laseParis, imishado iyancipha eFrance. Ukuthambekela kweminyaka engu-20 edlule kubonisa ukuthi imibhangqwana eyandayo ikhetha ukuhlala ndawonye ngaphandle kwenzuzo yomshado. INhlangano Yesizwe Yokubalwa Kwabantu eFrance ibika ukuthi okungenani ingxenye yalabo abashadayo ibivele isihlala ndawonye, kwezinye izimo iminyaka eminingi. Imibhangqwana eminingi ingase icabange ukuthi ukuhlala ndawonye ngaphambi komshado kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela emshadweni, kodwa amaqiniso abonisa okwehlukile. IMonde iphawula ukuthi “ukuhlala ndawonye ngaphambi komshado akuqinisi ukuhlala njalo kwefindo lomshado” nokuthi “amafindo” anjalo “abonakala engaqinile kangako ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile aphela ngokwehlukana.” Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi imibhangqwana ehlala ndawonye ngaphambi komshado igcina isihlukene ngokwengeziwe kunaleyo engakwenzi.
Izingane Ezingamavila
Izingane zaseJapane ezingaphezu kwengxenye eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-10 nengu-15 ubudala zinamathelevishini azo kanye nemidlalo yeTV edlala ngecomputer, futhi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo inezingcingo zayo siqu, ngokoMbiko Ka-1990 Omayelana Nentsha. Intsha eningi isebenzisa isikhathi sayo sokuphumula isezindlini, ibukela ithelevishini, ifunda izincwadi zamahlaya, noma idlala imidlalo yevideo, kunokuba ibe ngaphandle. Lombiko kahulumeni uhlanganisa lokho okwenziwa izingane kokuvilapha okwenzelwa endlini nekhono elilinganiselwe lokuba nobudlelwane nabanye, kuhlanganise nemikhaya yakubo, kanye nokungakwazi kwazo ukuhlanganyela ezenzakalweni zomphakathi. Ngokwalokhu kuhlola, cishe amaphesenti angu-90 ezingane zaseJapane athi ayengakwazi ukuveza imiqondo yazo kanye nemizwelo ejulile.
Ukuqoshwa Kohlamvu
Imbewu manje isisetshenziswa njengesithako sokwakha izinkinobho, izinto zokuhloba, kanye nezithombe eziqoshiwe ezidayiswayo. Eminye imikhiqizo kakade seyenziwa ngobuningi ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo sezinkampani zezingubo zokugqoka. Imbewu okukhulunywa ngayo itagua nut, uhlamvu olulingana nebhola legalofu olumila emahlathini ase-Ecuador. Umagazini iNational Geographic uphawula ukuthi lokhu “kuwuphawu lokubuya kwetagua, eyayisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinkinobho ngaphambi kokuba ithathelwe indawo ipulasitiki ngawo-1930.” Abacwaningi bokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Emhlabeni Wonke baye bathola ubufakazi bokuthi ukuqoshwa kwetagua kwakusetshenziswa eNingizimu Melika eminyakeni ehlehlela kwengu-250 edlule. NgokweNational Geographic, izinhlamvu “futhi kusetshenziswa zona esikhundleni seivory, manje esivinjelwe kwezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke.”
Ukushushumbiswa Kwezinyoni
INhlangano Yesikhwama Sezilwane Zasendle Somhlaba ibika ukuthi “okungenani izinyoni ezingu-225-000 ezibiza [amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-125] lapho zidayiswa, unyaka ngamunye ziyashushumbiswa noma zamukelwe zivela kwamanye amazwe ngezincwadi zomgunyathi.” Ngokwesibonelo, opholi babanjwa abantu bendawo emahlathini aseAfrika, eIndonesia, eMexico, naseNingizimu Melika bese bedayiswa ngamaRandi ambalwa nje kuphela. “Lapho lezinyoni zifika kubathengi baseU.S. noma eYurophu, ezinye izinyoni, njengama-amazon amakhulu ngendlela engavamile aseDominica, eCaribbean, zibiza [R250 000] iyodwa,” kuphawula iWall Street Journal. Kuthiwa izinhlobo eziningi zopholi zisengozini eseduze yokuba zishabalale ehlane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphesenti acishe abe ngu-90 ezinyoni ezibanjwayo ukuze zishushumbiswe “afela endleleni ngenxa yokungondliwa kahle kanye nezimo ezingezinhle.”
Ingculaza EAsia
Emuva ngoFebruary 1990, kwabikwa ukuthi kunezisulu ezingu-2 000 zengculaza eAsia. Nokho, umbiko wamuva weZizwe Ezihlangene, uthi iWHO (World Health Organization [Inhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo]) ilinganisela ukuthi ingqikithi yabantu abangu-500 000 eAsia muva nje bangenwe igciwane iHIV. Ngokukamagazini iAsiaweek, “iU.N. isanda kubika ukuthi inani labantu abanengculaza eAsia lizokhula ngendlela ephawulekayo.” Ukuze kubhekwane nalenkinga, iWHO itusa ukuba kube nemfundo engcono kanye nemikhankaso yokwenza abantu babe nolwazi.
Uhlanga Olubamba Amagundane
Abalimi baseTamil Nadu, eNdiya, baye bazama ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali, izibulala-zinambuzane, nonoxhaka ukuze balawule inkinga yamagundane. Ngemva kokuba behlulekile, abalimi baqasha amadoda ohlanga lwamaIrula ukuba enze lomsebenzi, kubika I-India Today. Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala amaIrula abamba cishe amagundane angu-140 000 endaweni engamahektare angu-16 000. AmaIrula “awazisebenzini izibulala-zinambuzane kodwa izindlela zawo zisekelwe olwazini lwendlela yokuphila kwamagundane.” Acupha amagundane emigodini yawo ngokuvala izintunja zokuphuma. Ngenxa yokuthi akwazi ukubamba amagundane amaningi kangaka, amaIrula manje ahlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba asebenzise inyama yamagundane ibe ukudla kwezinkukhu nezinhlanzi nokwenza isikhumba samagundane uhlobo lwesikhumba olungasebenziseka. I-India Today inezela ngokuthi “lokhu kuhlola kwabonisa ngendlela engenakungatshazwa ukuthi indlela yamaIrula ingeqiniseke kakhulu” futhi iyaphumelela ngokwezindleko ukulawula amagundane.
Ukufa Kwamacoral Ebulawa Ukushisa
“Ubufakazi bokuqala bokufudumala kwembulunga bungatholakala ekubeni mhlophe kwamacoral,” kwasho uErnest Williams waseYunivesithi yasePuerto Rico. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lasolwandle libangela ukuba amacoral akhiphe ama-alga amancane kakhulu athola kuwo ukudla. Lokhu kushiya amabala amhlophe engxenyeni engaphezulu yamacoral. “Ingasenaye umngane wayo oyialga, icoral iba buthakathaka futhi iyeke ukukhiqiza amanye.” Izingxenye ezingaphezulu zamacoral ezinamabala amhlophe nagulayo ziye zabonakala ezindaweni eziningi, kuhlanganise naseBahamas, eBermuda, eFlorida, eHawaii, eJamaica, eOkinawa, nasePuerto Rico. IToronto Star iphawula ukuthi ishumi leminyaka lawo-1980 lalingelishisa kakhulu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule nokuthi “izingcweti eziningi zesimo sezulu zibikezela ukuthi amazinga okushisa azoqhubeka ekhula ngamadegree amaningi ekhulwini leminyaka elilandelayo,” kulethe usongo oluqhubekayo ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamacoral.
Ukufuduka KwamaKatolika AngamaHispanic
Umagazini iHispanic ubika ukuthi eUnited States, cishe isigidi samaHispanic siye sashiya iSonto lamaKatolika phakathi neminyaka engu-15 edlule. “Minyaka yonke, lelonani liyanda cishe ngabantu abasukela phakathi kuka-60 000 no-100 000.” Ngokokuhlola kwamuva okwakuyalelwe umbhishobhi oyiphini lesigungu esiphethe saseSan Francisco, labo ababengamaKatolika angamaHispanic bafuna “ukuhileleka ngokujulile ngokholo lwabo nangombhalo.” Nokho, ekhuluma ngalenkinga, omunye umpristi ongumKatolika waphawula ukuthi “kufanele sibheke iSonto lamaKatolika ngokwalokho eliyikho: inhlangano enkulu enendlela emisiwe yokwenza izinto. Kunzima kakhulu ukususa inhlangano enkulu uyiyise endleleni entsha yokwenza izinto.” Lesihloko siyaphawula: “Kulula ukunganakwa esifundeni samaKatolika esiphethwe umfundisi esinemikhaya engu-4 000.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, “kulula ngendlela efanayo ukuzizwa ufunwa futhi uqashelwa ebandleni elinobunye [elingelona elamaKatolika] elinabantu abangu-200.”