Ingculaza—Lokho Abazali Nezingane Okufanele Bakwazi
KUNGOKUDABUKISAYO ngezisulu eziningi zentsha eye yangenwa ingculaza, ukuthi izinkinga zazo ngokuvamile zandiswa ukucabanga kokungalinganiseli kwabantu abaningi abadala abangazi lutho ngengculaza. Ezimweni eziningi abazali baye bathonya izingqondo zabantwana babo siqu ngokumelene nalabo abanalesifo. Ngisho nangemva kokuba odokotela sebethé akunangozi, abaphathi bezikole kanye nothisha-nhloko baye benqaba ukwamukela abafundi abanegciwane lengculaza. Ngaleyondlela isihluthulelo kubazali abaningi abanezingane ezineHIV siwukukugcina kuyimfihlo. Bayesaba, futhi kwezinye izimo ngezizathu ezinhle, ukuthi izingane zabo zizokhishwa inyumbazane, zixhashazwe, noma zenziwe okubi kakhulu.
Ngokwesibonelo, umama owayenendodakazi eyayinengculaza wayesaba ukuxabana nomakhelwane bakhe kangangokuba wayeyenqabela ingane yakhe ukuba idlale nezingane zabo. “Awufuni ukuba abantu owakhelene nabo bazi ukuthi ingane yakho inengculaza, ngenxa yokuthi abantu benza izinto eziyinqaba.” Ngokwemibiko, lokhu akulona ihaba. Abazali baye bashalazelelwa abangane babo abakhulu nomakhelwane. Abangane baye bajika lapho besemgwaqweni ukuze bangababoni noma bababingelele. Ihlazo lengculaza lihamba ibanga elijulile ekubandlululweni kwalo kangangokuba amakhasimende aye aphuma ezindaweni zokudlela, ethuka inhlamba lapho umkhaya onengane enengculaza ungena. Obaba baye balahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo. Abanye baye basongelwa ngokuthi bazoqhunyiselwa amabhomu. Nakuba kunjalo abanye baye bashiselwa amakhaya abo ngomlilo.
Izingane ezinengculaza ziye zaba izisulu zamahlaya onya enziwa abafunda nazo ekilasini. Esinye isisulu sengculaza esinjalo, esathola lesisifo ngokumpontshelwa igazi, sagxekwa esifunda nabo ekilasini ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuthi siwungqingili. Babesigcona bathi: “Siyazi ukuthi uyithole kanjani ngempela ingculaza.” Umkhaya washalazelwa amalungu esonto lawo. Kwatholakala izincwadi ezicasulayo ezingaziwa ukuthi zivelaphi. Inqwaba kadoti yawulukuhlelwa otshanini bawo. Othile waze ngisho wadubula inhlamvu eyangena ngefasitela.
“Iyinto eyimfihlo ngempela,” kusho omunye umama wengane enengculaza, “futhi yilokho okwenza kube nesizungu.” INew York Times iyenezela: “Eziningi zezingane zaseMelika ezingu-1 736 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 ezatholwa ukuthi zinengculaza isifo sazo siye sazibekela eceleni, zaphoqelelwa ukuba zifihle isimo sazo kubangane bazo abanempilo noma abafunda nazo ekilasini abangase bazishalazele.” Futhi ekugcineni, kwaba nalokhu kuphawula kuyiToronto Star: “Ngisho nangemva kokuba omusha esefile, imikhaya eminingi iyesaba ukwembula iqiniso, okwandisa ubuhlungu kanye nokuba inkom’ idla yodwa nokulahleka kwanoma iyiphi ingane.”
Lokho Okufanele Ukwazi
Kumelwe kuvunywe ukuthi ingculaza ayihloniphi muntu. Ingangena abacebile, abampofu, abasha, abancane kakhulu, nabadala. Kwamanye amazwe, abasha banolwazi oluncane nolukha phezulu ngengculaza. Abantu abaningi “abanawo umqondo wokuthi ingculaza iyingozi kangakanani entsheni eyeve eshumini nambili,” kusho uchwepheshe kwezengculaza waseDolobheni laseNew York.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwentsha eDolobheni elikhulu laseMelika kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-30 alabo abahlolwa ayekholelwa ukuthi ingculaza ingelashwa uma yelashwe isanda kuqala. Alikho ikhambi lokwelapha ingculaza eselitholakele okwamanje. Isigamu sesithathu sasingazi ukuthi umuntu ngeke ayithole ingculaza ngokumane nje athinte othile onalesifo noma ngokusebenzisa ikamu lakhe. Okunye ukucwaninga okwenziwa kwenye ingxenye yeUnited States kwabeve eshumini nambili abangu-860, abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-19, kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-22 ayengazi ukuthi igciwane lengculaza lingadluliselwa ngesidoda nanokuthi amaphesenti angu-29 ayengaqapheli ukuthi ingadluliselwa ngoketshezi oluphuma ezithweni zobulili zabesifazane.
Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokufukamela igciwane nangesikhathi lapho ingculaza isibonakala ngokoqobo, izisulu zingabesulela abanye futhi zidlulisele igciwane lengculaza kubo. Nokho, alinakudluliselwa ngokuxhawula noma ngokwanga isisulu sengculaza, njengoba leligciwane lisheshe life uma lingaphandle komzimba. Ngokufanayo, leligciwane alikwazi ukuphila ezihlalweni zezindlu zangasese, okuyinto abanye abayesabayo. Ingabe othishanhloko kanye neziphathimandla besaba ukuthi abafundi abangenayo ingculaza bangayithola ngokuphuza kumpompi osanda kusetshenziswa isisulu sengculaza? Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kwesaba akufanele njengoba igciwane ngeke libe nandlela yokudlulela egazini lomuntu ongathintekile.
Ngokuvamile odokotela babuzwa ngengozi yokubhoboza izindlebe, njengoba kusetshenziswa izinaliti. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa izinto ezinegciwane, lokhu kungaba indlela yokuthola igciwane lengculaza. Futhi kuthiwani ngokuqabulana? Omunye uchwepheshe wathi: “Uma othile onengculaza noma onegciwane leHIV ekuqabula, futhi wena unendawo eyophayo noma isilonda ezindebeni zakho noma emlonyeni wakho, lingakungena, kodwa mancane kakhulu amathuba alokho.” Nokho, kungenzeka.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela ongazi ngayo uma igciwane likungenile, ngisho nangemva kokubonakala kwezimpawu ezithile, kungokuhlolisisa kukadokotela kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Futhi ekugcineni, uma uyingane, batshele iqiniso abazali bakho. Lapho bonke abanye bekulahla, kungaba yibona kuphela abanamathela kuwe futhi bakunikeze induduzo kanye nosizo oyoludinga. Hlakanipha futhi uzenqabe izidakamizwa kanye nobulili bangaphambi komshado. Kungasindisa ukuphila kwakho. Intsha eningi eye yathola igciwane lengculaza ngobulili noma izinaliti ezinalo iye yavuma ukuthi yathonywa abangane ababi. Ngokuqinisekile, amazwi omphostoli uPawulu anengqondo kakhulu kubo manje. “Ningakhohliswa; ukujwayelana nababi konakalisa ukuziphatha okuhle”—futhi ezimweni ezithile, kungakulahlekisela ukuphila kwakho.—1 Korinte 15:33.