Ukubuka Okwezwe
Imilutha Eminingi EAsia
Emazweni amaningi aseAsia, ukuluthwa iheroin sekuye kwenyuka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1980, iSri Lanka yayinemilutha embalwa kunengu-50 eyayaziwa. Manje kunecishe ibe ngu-40 000. Esikhathini esilinganayo, inani lemilutha ePakistan lenyuka lisuka kwabayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje laya kwabayizigidi ezingu-1,8. Umagazini iAsiaweek uthi “izigwebo ezithe ukuba nzima ziye zahluleka ukwehlisa igagasi elinyukayo lokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa. ISri Lanka inesinye sezigwebo ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni ngokutholakala uphethe lesidakamizwa: ukuphatha amagremu amabili eheroin noma icocaine kunesigwebo sokufa noma ukudilikelwa ijele.” Inzuzo engokwemali ebhizinisini lezidakamizwa iyinto enkulu efakela abalimi ugqozi lokuba bashintshe izitshalo zabo zibe izitshalo eziveza iheroin. UDkt. Ravi Pereira weBhodi Lesizwe LaseColombo Lokulawula Izidakamizwa Eziyingozi waphawula: “Uma ungekho ushukela kusasa—kunandabani. Kodwa uma ingekho iheroin, uyobona abantu begaqa ngamadolo bekhuphuka ezindongeni. Bayokhokha noma yini ukuze bayithole.”
Ikholera ENingizimu Melika
Izikhulu zezempilo ePeru zalinganisela ukuthi isilinganiso sabantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili bathola igciwane lekholera nsuku zonke kulelozwe. NgoMarch 1991, iVisión, umagazini waseLatin America, yabika ukuthi umqedazwe wekholera ePeru wathatha ukuphila kwabantu abangu-200 futhi abangaphezu kwabangu-40 000 bathola igciwane layo—bonke esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezimbili kuphela. NgokoMnyango Wezempilo wasePeru, inani labafayo lingase lenyukele kwabayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. UCarlos Ferreira, ungqongqoshe weNhlangano Enqanda Ukusakazeka Kwezifo yaseArgentina, waphawula ukuthi amanani abaphethwe ikholera ePeru aphakeme kunengqikithi yabagulayo ababikwa emhlabeni wonke phakathi no-1990. Emazweni angomakhelwane aseBolivia, eBrazil, eChile, eColombia, naseEcuador, ngisho nasenyakatho ekude njengaseMexico, ohulumeni sebethatha izinyathelo zokugomela lesisifo. UMnu. Ferreira wenezela: “Ikholera iseNingizimu Melika futhi izoba lapha isikhathi eside.”
Imboni Yamabhaluni Iphantshile
Ukubuka izinkulungwane zamabhaluni anemibala egqamile kancane kancane enyukela esibhakabhakeni futhi enyamalala kungase kube isehlakalo esithakazelisayo kwabaningi, kodwa asisavamile kangako eUnited States. Kusukela kwatholakala ibhaluni esiswini somkhoma ofile ulwandle olwaluwuhlanzele ngaphandle eNew Jersey ngo-1985 nelinye elatholakala ofudwini lwasolwandle olunomhlane othambile, abantwana kulo lonke izwe bebelokhu bekhalela ukuba amabhaluni avalwe, bekholelwa ukuthi izinkulungwane zezilwane ziye zabulawa ukudla amabhaluni alahlekile. Abashayi-mthetho baye basilalela isililo sabantwana, futhi amazwe namadolobha amaningi aye awavala noma abeka imingcele ekuphakanyisweni kwamabhaluni. Nakuba imboni yamabhaluni iye yaziphikisa izimangalo zokufa kwezilwane, abathengisi bamabhaluni kwathiwa babelahlekelwa izigidi ezingu-R16,5 ngonyaka ekudayiseni
Ukufa Kwehlengethwa
Ukuhlola kwamuva kubonisa ukuthi “inani elandayo lezinhlobo ezingu-65 zomhlaba zamacetacean (izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle) lisonqenqemeni lokushabalala,” kuphawula iPerspectives, umagazini okhishwa Inhlangano Yezwe Lonke Yendawo Ezungezile Nokuthuthukiswa. Abacwaningi bagomela ngokuthi unyaka ngamunye kubulawa amahlengethwa angaphezu kwangu-500 000. NgokoMnyango Wokuhlolwa Kwendawo Ezungezile, owenza lokhu kuhlola, amazwe anecala kakhulu kulokhu iJapane, iMexico, iPeru, iNingizimu Korea, iSri Lanka, neTaiwan, “iJapane inecala elikhulu lokufa kwamacetacean angaphezu kuka-100 000 unyaka ngamunye.” Imbangela eyinhloko yokufa ingamanetha amukile. Nokho, futhi amahlengethwa “ayadutshulwa, agwazwe, acitshwe ngemikhonto, ahhakwe ngamahuku, aminziswe, akhishelwe ogwini, abanjwe ngogesi, ahlatshwe ngemikhonto enezinhlendla, aqhunyiselwe ngamabhomu futhi acwiywe.”
Izimemezelo Zokukhangisa Ngogwayi Zivaliwe
Izinkampani zikagwayi eFrance bezilokhu zephula umthetho omelene nezimemezelo zokukhangisa ngogwayi ngokusebenzisa amagama awo neziqubulo ukuze zikhangise ngemikhiqizo okungeyona ekagwayi. Ukukhangisa okunjalo ngokungaguquki kuhlanganiswa nezimo ezibonisa imifanekiso yokuzifaka engozini, ezemidlalo, nenjabulo. Uhulumeni waseFrance uye wakhipha umthetho omusha ozovala zonke izinhlobo zokukhangisa ngogwayi kusukela ngoJanuary 1, 1993. Lomthetho omusha uzonqabela zonke izinhlobo ezinjalo zokukhangisa ngendlela engaqondile, kanye nokuxhasa kwezinkampani zikagwayi ezemidlalo. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zicaphuna amanani abonisa ukuthi ukubhema kubangela ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-60 000 unyaka ngamunye eFrance. Emhlabeni wonke, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezintathu bayafa unyaka ngamunye bebulawa yizifo ezihlobene nogwayi.
Ingculaza EArgentina
Ngokwephephandaba laseArgentina iClarín, kubo bonke abantu abangu-500 eBuenos Aires, kunoyedwa onengculaza. UDkt. Emilio Hass, umongameli weFirst Argentine Immunogenetics Center, waphawula ukuthi “ngonyaka ozayo lelinani lingase lenyukele kubantu abane abanengculaza kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezingu-1 000.” Omunye umthombo wezokwelapha wadalula ukuthi abaningi banikela ngegazi labo ukuze bathole ukuhlolwa kwamahhala futhi bathole ukuthi banalo yini igciwane lengculaza noma cha. UDkt. Hass wenezela ngokuthi kwesinye isibhedlela esivelele saseBuenos Aires, kwahlolwa izikhwama ezingu-36 000 zegazi, futhi kwambulwa ukuthi kuzo zonke izikhwama ezingu-1 000, ezimbili zazinegciwane lengculaza. UHass wabika ukuthi inani lezisulu zengculaza eBuenos Aires “liphindeka kabili njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-13.”
Utshwala Nomsebenzi
Inyunyana yezisebenzi yaseJalimane ehamba phambili ilinganisela ukuthi “isisebenzi esisodwa kweziyisikhombisa eFederal Republic sinezinkinga zotshwala,” kubika iSüddeutsche Zeitung. Lokhu kubiza umphakathi waseJalimane amarandi aphakathi kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 nezingu-190 minyaka yonke. Ngokwesilinganiso, amaJalimane aphuza utshwala obuningi ngokuphindwe kane ngo-1990 kunango-1950. Ibhodi eliyilunga lenyunyana yezisebenzi laphawula ukuthi utshwala sebuye baba njengesidakamizwa “abantu abazidunga ngaso imizwa ukuze babhekane nomsebenzi wabo nendawo yomsebenzi.”
Uyini UGenesise?
Umagazini wenkolo wenza ukuhlola kubafundi baseNtaliyane abeve eshumini elinambili. Imiphumela “yayidida,” kusho iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseItaly iRepubblica. Ukuhlola kwembula ukuthi abafundi abangu-56 kwabangu-100 babengazange bafunde ngisho nevesi elilodwa lemiBhalo selokhu bagcina ngesikhathi sabo sokweMukela kokuqala. Futhi, amaphesenti angu-83,4 abafundi ayengakwazi “ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwetestamente elidala nelisha,” futhi amaphesenti angu-75 avuma ukuthi ayengenalo ngisho nokuba nalo iBhayibheli emakubo. NgokweRepubblica, amaphesenti angu-36 kwangu-100 abafundi igama elithi “Genesise” ayelazi njengegama leqembu lerock laseNgilandi hhayi njengencwadi yokuqala yeBhayibheli.
Izibhamu Ezingenamsebenzi
Ngenxa yokwanda kosongo lobugebengu, abaningi eRome sebephendukela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokuzivikela. NgokweRepubblica, abantu basebenzisa izinja eziqeqeshiwe zokuhlasela, ubuciko bokuzivikela obufundelwayo, izifutho zamakhemikhali, izinsabula, imicibisholo, noqalo lwenkemba ukuze bakhubaze abahlaseli. Abantu abangaphezu kwabangu-15 000, kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane, baye bathola imvume emaphoyiseni yokuba baphathe izibhamu. IRepubblica yaphawula ukuthi ngokukaGianfranco Rodolico, isihambeli saseRome eNgqungqutheleni Yabadubuli yaseItaly, akusizi ngomuntu ovamile ukuba aphathe isibhamu. Wathi: “Awunakwehla wenyuka ngaso sonke isikhathi uphethe isibhamu ngesandla. Uma umuntu othile ubengangihlasela, cishe bengingeke ngibe nesikhathi sokusikhipha.”
Abantu Abadla Oshaka
Oshaka basengozini, ikakhulukazi ezingwini zaseAustralia, eJapane, eNingizimu Afrika, naseUnited States. Inani loshaka kulezizindawo liyehla ngenxa yokwanda kokuthandwa kwenyama kashaka etafuleni lokudla kwakusihlwa. Ngokukamagazini iTime, “ukubanjwa koshaka ngenjongo yokubadayisa eU.S. kwenyuka kusuka ngaphansi kwamathani angu-500 ngo-1980 kwaya kumathani angu-7 144 ngo-1989.” Okusazimpiko koshaka kusetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho elibhekwa njengesibiliboco eAsia. Ezinye izitolo zokudlela zibiza u-R137 ngendishi yalelisobho elishubile. ITime iphawula ukuthi lapho bethola lokhu okusazimpiko, abadobi bahlanganyela “emkhubeni ononya wokubamba oshaka, besika izimpiko zabo bese bejikijela lezizilwane ezicwiyiwe olwandle ukuze zifele khona.”
“Iphaphu Lesintu”
Inhlangano yezizwe zonke eyaziwa ngokuthi iParlamento Amazónico (IPhalamende LaseAmazon) muva nje iye yabunjwa eNingizimu Melika. Amalungu ayo ayizikhulu zikahulumeni nososayensi baseBolivia, eBrazil, eColombia, e-Ecuador, eGuyana, ePeru, eSuriname, naseVenezuela. Injongo yalenhlangano iwukukhuthaza intuthuko enengqondo kakhudlwana yesigodi saseAmazon, esithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-7 neyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 abasemazweni ayisishiyagalombili. Iphephandaba laseArgentina iNación labika ukuthi iPhalamende LaseAmazon labhekisela esigodini saseAmazon “njengephaphu lesintu.” Ngokuphathelene nendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-400 000 ehlathi eliye labhujiswa eminyakeni yamuva, umkhulumeli walenhlangano wathi “nakuba kungase kube ibhizinisi elihle, imali ngeke isize lutho uma iplanethi ingase ingahlaleki, okuyinto ezokwenzeka ngokushesha uma lembubhiso ingamiswa.”