Ukubuka Okwezwe
Imiphumela Yempi Yomshoshaphansi
Naphezu kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, izindleko zembulunga yonke kwezempi ngo-1990 zaqhubeka zeqa emaRandini ayizinkulungwane zezigidi ezingu-2 475 futhi ngokoqobo zazingaphezulu ngamaphesenti angu-60 kunezindleko ezivamile zaminyaka yonke zawo-1970, ngokokuhlola okusha okwenziwa yiWorld Priorities, iqembu labacwaningi eWashington, D.C. Umbiko waminyaka yonke iWorld Military and Social Expenditures 1991 nawo wathola ukuthi emhlabeni wonke phakathi kwabafa empini, isilinganiso sabangekho abafa empini senyukela kumaphesenti angu-74 ngawo-1980 futhi safinyelela kumaphesenti angu-90 ngo-1990. Umlobi walombiko, uRuth Leger Sivard, isazi sezomnotho, wathi lokhu kwanda kokufa kwabangekho empini kubangelwa izikhali eziyingozi ngokwandayo. “Izikhali zanamuhla okuthiwa ezingokwesiko manje zisondela ezikhalini ezincane zenuzi ngamandla azo okubhubhisa,” esho. Lokhu kuhlola kwathola futhi ukuthi amabutho ezwe ahlomile ayinto eyodwa engcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni; eUnited States minyaka yonke akhiqiza izinto eziwubuthi eziningi ukwedlula izinkampane zamakhemikhali eziyisihlanu ezinkulu kakhulu zihlangene.
Ukufa Ngokukhipha Izisu
“Abesifazane abafinyelela ku-10000 bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokukhipha izisu futhi abangu-200-000 balaliswa ezibhedlela ngenxa yezifo ezihlobene nakho eNigeria,” kubika iSunday Concord yaseNigeria. Mhlawumbe abafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-20 balaba bahlanganisa intsha. UDkt. Uche Azie, umqondisi weFamily Planning International Assistance, kwabikwa ukuthi wathi “abaningi bazama ukuzikhipha izisu bona ngokwabo.” Waveza ukuthi ukungazi ngezindaba zobulili yikho ngokuyinhloko okubangela ukukhulelwa okuholela ekukhipheni isisu.
Inyanga Eyodwa Ngaphandle Kwemoto
Isabela esicelweni sezazi zezenhlalo, imikhaya eyisithupha eBremen, eJalimane, yakhetha ngokuzithandela ukungazisebenzisi izimoto zayo inyanga eyodwa. Isebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuhamba, yabhala okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo kwansuku zonke. “Imoto ihlukanisa umsebenzisi wayo nendawo ezungezile,” kuchaza umholi walokhu kuhlola uProfesa Krämer-Badoni kuyiSüddeutsche Zeitung. “Usuke ufuna nje ukuya endaweni ethile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.” Kodwa lapho ehamba ngebhasi noma ngebhayisekili noma ngezinyawo, umuntu uziqaphela ngokwengeziwe izinto ezimzungezile, aphawule izakhiwo ezikhangayo noma aqalise izingxoxo. “Uhambo ngokwalo luba olubalulekile,” kusho loprofesa. Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlola, emihlanu yalemikhaya yahlukana nezimoto zayo.
Ukulutha Kwezintaba-mlilo
Lapho intaba-mlilo yeNtaba iUnzen eningizimu yeJapane iqhuma ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, abantu abangaphezu kuka-30 bafa. Phakathi kwabo kwakunezazi ezintathu zezintaba-mlilo. Ababesebenza nazo babephicwe ikakhulu ukufa komMelika uHarry Glicken, njengoba ayekade ekhipha izixwayiso kwabezezindaba kwaze kwaba usuku lokufa kwakhe. Kanye naye kwakuneqembu elinesibindi elakhiwa indoda nomkayo, uMaurice noKatia Krafft baseFrance, eladuma phakathi neminyaka engu-25 edlule ngenxa yokucwaninga kwalo, izincwadi, namavideo akhuluma ngezintaba-mlilo zezwe ezinamandla kakhulu neziyingozi, lixwayisa ngengozi yazo. IAsahi Evening News yacaphuna uMaurice Krafft ethi ngaphambidlana: “Uma ngifa ngolunye usuku, ngifuna ukufela onqenqemeni lwentaba-mlilo.” Lombhangqwana wawuye wafanisa uthando lwawo ngezintaba-mlilo “nokulutheka” futhi wathi: “Lapho uye wabonela intaba-mlilo eqhumayo eduze, awube usakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwayo.”
Ukumpontshelwa Igazi Akusona “Isipho Sokuphila”
Ingabe ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyakusindisa ngempela ukuphila? Inani elandayo leziphathimandla zezokwelapha linokungabaza. Umqondisi wesayensi yegazi eRoyal North Shore Hospital yaseSydney eAustralia uxoxa ngokukhathazeka kokulondeka kokumpontshelwa igazi kuyiMedical Journal of Australia. Ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza, izifo ezithathelwanayo, nokumpontshelwa igazi. ICourier-Mail yaseBrisbane icaphuna lodokotela oholayo ethi: “Ukumpontshelwa igazi esikhathini esidlule kwakubhekwa njengesipho sokuphila, kodwa izinto seziye zajika futhi umbono ovamile manje uwukuthi ukuhlinza ngaphandle kwegazi nokugwenywa kokumpontshelwa igazi kungase kube yikho okuyisipho sokuphila. Imininingwane emisha esikisela ukuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungaba isici esifaka engozini yokubuya ngokwesibili komdlavuza nokuthola izifo ngemva kokuhlinza kuyindaba yokucatshangelwa.”
Ubudlova Bangaphandle Kwamagceke ENigeria
Amaqembu ayimfihlo ahambahamba emagcekeni asemayunivesithi eNigeria futhi “aye abangela ukwesaba okukhulu novalo,” kubika iObserver yaseNigeria. Amalungu eqembu kuthiwa ahlome ngezikhali zokudubula, izibhamu, izimbazo, imimese, nangeasidi. Kubikwa ukuthi aye ahlasela ngisho namalungu athile afundisayo futhi adlwengula futhi ahlupha abafundi abakanye nawo. Izingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu aphikisanayo ziye zaphumela ekufeni okungenani kwabafundi abane. Lamaqembu asemagcekeni akhiwa ngokuyinhloko abafundi abavela emikhayeni ecebile, kusho iObserver. Ungqongqoshe wezemfundo uye wayala abaphathi beyunivesithi ukuba baxoshe amalungu amaqembu ayimfihlo futhi uye wasongela ngokuzivala izikhungo zezemfundo ezihlulekayo ukwenza kanjalo.
Ngomsebenzi Wehora Elilodwa
Ukuhlola kwamuva kwaqhathanisa imali eholwa izisebenzi emisebenzini ehlukahlukene engu-159 ezivela emazingeni ezenhlalo angu-49 ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, kubika iphephandaba laseFrance iMonde. Lokhu kuhlola, okwenziwa yi-International Labor Organization, kubonisa indlela amandla okuthenga ezisebenzi angalingani ngayo ezindaweni ngezindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, umeluki eSudan, uweta eSri Lanka, umphathi kavolo eYugoslavia, umshayeli webhasi eBangladesh, nombhaki eRiphabhuliki Emaphakathi neAfrika kumelwe basebenze amahora angaphezu kwamathathu ukuze bathenge ikhilogremu elilodwa nje lerayisi. Ngokuphambene, isisebenzi sasehhovisi eFrench Polynesia noma umbazi eSweden angathenga okungenani amakhilogremu angu-9 erayisi ngomholo womsebenzi wehora elilodwa nje.
Izinhlaba-mkhosi Ezingamabhele
Ukufa ngokungazelelwe kwezinsana kuyinto abazali abaningi abayisaba ngempela. Manje, ngamabhere angonodoli obuchwepheshe obuphakeme, aklanywa nguDkt. Jan Heunis weAerospace Research Laboratories eNingizimu Afrika, izinsana zingaqashelwa amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Lelithoyizi eligonekayo liqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile zosana. Ibika ngalomshini, iStar, iphephandaba elinyatheliswa eGoli, eNingizimu Afrika, ithi uma kuba nezinto ezingahambi kahle ezimpawini ezibalulekile zomntwana, “njengezinga lokushisa elingavamile, ukushaya kancane kwenhliziyo, noma ukushaya kwayo ngamandla,” kukhala inhlaba-mkhosi yokuqaphelisa abazali ngengozi engenzeka. I“Medi-teddy” njengoba lomkhiqizo omusha uye wabizwa, ibiza cishe u-R600.
Ukubaluleka Kwezambane Elinganakiwe
“Lapho abanqobi baseYurophu befika eMelika, bafika benomqondo wokuthi umcebo wawusezinsimbini namatshe ayigugu. Kwadingeka kudlule amakhulu amathathu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ukubaluleka okungokwezimali kwezambane ‘kutholakale.’” Usho kanjalo uEduardo H. Rapoport, weRegional University Center yaseBariloche, eArgentina, kumagazini waseBrazil iCiência Hoje. Amazambane angokunye ukudla okubaluleke kakhulu nokunomsoco futhi aqukethe amavitamin amaningi. Ngenxa yalesosizathu, abiza izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi minyaka yonke. URapoport uyanezela: “Inani lomkhiqizo lomhlaba lamazambane, ngonyaka, ledlula kakhulu eyalo lonke igolide nesiliva iSpain eyalimba eMelika.”
Ukungafundi Emhlabeni Wonke Kuyehla
“Ngokokuqala ngqá kunanini ngaphambili, inani labantu abangafundile emhlabeni lithe ukwehla eminyakeni yamuva,” kusho iNew York Times. “Lombiko, owakhishwa yiUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, walinganisela inani labantu abangafundile ngo-1990 ezigidini ezingu-948, okuwukwehla ekulinganiseleni kwango-1985 kwabayizigidi ezingu-950.” Cishe amaphesenti angu-26,6 enani labantu emhlabeni alifundile, futhi uma izimo zanamuhla ziqhubeka, lelonani liyobe selehle laba ngamaphesenti angu-21,8, noma izigidi ezingu-935, ngonyaka ka-2000. Ngokuzenzekelayo, unyaka odlule wawubizwa ngokuthi Unyaka Wezizwe Zonke Wemfundo. Ngaphandle kokuzimisela okwengeziwe kwezizwe ezimpofu kakhudlwana ukuthuthukisa imfundo, kwakukhona futhi ukuphawuleka okwandayo kokungafundi emazweni athuthukile, manje okulinganiselwa phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-10 nangu-20.
Ingculaza—“Isayodlanga Amashumi Eminyaka”
“Njengoba umqedazwe wengculaza uqala ishumi lawo leminyaka lesibili, abacwaningi nabameli babantu abanalesifo ngamunye baye bawayeka ngokudabukisayo amathemba abo ake aphakama okuyilawula ngokushesha lenhlupho,” kusho iNew York Times. “Lamathemba anyamalala njengoba ukufuna imilaliso ephumelelayo kwakuye kwabonakala kunzima kakhulu kunokuba kuye kwacatshangwa, futhi imizamo yokwenza umjovo wokugoma yabhuntshiswa ngokuqhubekayo ukuzivikela kobuqili kwaleligciwane. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha manje bathi bacabanga ukuthi igciwane lengculaza liyodlanga amashumi eminyaka.” Kuye kwabalwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2000, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-40 bayobe sebenegciwane lengculaza. Nakuba abacwaningi beye balithola leligciwane, bahlola amaprotheni alo futhi bathola izici zalo zofuzo baye benza imilaliso yokukhulula ezinye zeziguli ezihluphekayo eziphethwe yingculaza, lesifo sisalokhu sibulala njengasesikhathini esidlule.